Sonke siyalithanda ilanga. Uma ilanga elincane lishaya isikhumba sethu ekuseni, lizwakala lihle kakhulu. Sizizwa sihle futhi uma isikhumba sethu 'sinezibani' noma sibukeka sikhanya. Kodwa ingabe ilanga lingumngane wethu omkhulu ngempela? Ingabe siyazi ngempela umonakalo ongenziwa yileli langa esilithandayo esikhumbeni sethu? Kungaba yingozi kakhulu kunalokho esikucabangayo.
Ilanga lithinta kanjani isikhumba sethu?
Sicabanga ukuthi imibimbi nokuguga kuyinto evamile. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sokubonakala kokuguga kobuso bethu, njengemibimbi namabala, ukuchayeka elangeni. Cabanga ngalokhu: umuntu oneminyaka engu-40 ubudala ovikela isikhumba sakhe elangeni angabukeka esemncane njengomuntu oneminyaka engu-30 ubudala!
Kalula nje, imisebe yelanga ye-ultraviolet (UV) ilimaza isikhumba sethu ngqo. Isikhumba sethu sinohlobo olukhethekile lwe-fiber olubizwa ngokuthi i-elastin . Cabanga ngabo njengezintambo zerabha. Le misebe ye-elastin yiyo egcina isikhumba sethu siqinile, sinwebeka, futhi siphilile. Uma sichayeka elangeni isikhathi eside, le misebe ye-UV iphula kancane kancane le misebe ye-elastin. Kwenzekani-ke? Isikhumba siqala ukugoba nokushwabana. Isikhumba naso siba buthakathaka kakhulu, futhi sivame ukulimala noma ukuklwejwa ngisho nayinto encane kakhulu. Lawo manxeba nawo athatha isikhathi eside ukuphola.
Uma usemusha , umonakalo odalwa yilanga esikhumbeni sakho ungase ungabonakali. Kodwa njengoba ukhula, imiphumela yalowo monakalo izobonakala nakanjani.
| Izinguquko ezingase zenzeke esikhumbeni ngenxa yelanga |
|---|
| - Izilonda zangaphambi komdlavuza kanye nomdlavuza wesikhumba. |
| - Ukuvela kwezimila ezingenabungozi. |
| - Ukwakheka kwemibimbi emincane nemibimbi. |
| - Amabala kanye nokushintsha umbala kwamabala. |
| - Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba (Ubumpunga). |
| - Imithambo yegazi emincane ebusweni besikhumba (i-Telangiectasias). |
| - Isikhumba esiwohlokayo (i-Elastosis) ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwezicubu ze-elastin ne-collagen. |
Uyini umdlavuza wesikhumba?
Umdlavuza wesikhumba ungenye yezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni. Kalula nje, umdlavuza wesikhumba yilapho amangqamuzana esikhumba eqala ukukhula ngendlela engavamile futhi engalawuleki . Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana ahlangane futhi akhe amathumba. Amanye alawa angaba yingozi (angenabungozi) noma abe yingozi (anomdlavuza).
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesikhumba:
1. I-basal cell carcinoma
2. I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma
3. I -Melanoma
Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala zomdlavuza wesikhumba, i-basal cell carcinomas kanye ne-squamous cell carcinomas , zibanga u-95% wazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba. Lezi azinangozi kangako futhi zingalapheka cishe ngokuphelele uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi.
Kodwa i-melanoma iyona eyingozi kakhulu futhi ebulalayo kulaba abathathu . Ivela kumaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocytes, anika isikhumba sethu umbala waso. Uma ingelashwa kahle, lo mdlavuza ungasakazekela kwezinye izitho ezibalulekile emzimbeni, njengesibindi, amaphaphu kanye nobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka siqaphele kakhulu ngalokhu.
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Nakuba noma ubani angaba nomdlavuza wesikhumba, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Kulabo abanesikhumba esisha kalula, esikhanyayo noma esinamabala .
- Kulabo abanamehlo anombala okhanyayo (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani).
- Kulabo abanezinwele ezimhloshana noma ezibomvu .
- Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho eseke waba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ngaphambili.
- Kulabo abasebenza ngaphandle kakhulu (isib. abalimi, abasebenzi bezokwakha).
- Ukushiswa yilanga okukhulu esemncane, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuba neminyaka engu-18 (lokhu kwandisa ingozi ye-melanoma ).
- IsikhumbaKulabo abanezimpawu zokuzalwa ezingaphezu kuka-30 ezinkulu noma ezingafani.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi abantu abafana nathi abanesikhumba esimnyama nabo bangaba nomdlavuza wesikhumba. Nakuba ingozi iphansi, kusabalulekile ukuthi siqaphele.
Yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso? Sizibona kanjani?
Isibonakaliso esivame kakhulu sesixwayiso somdlavuza wesikhumba ukushintsha kwesikhumba . Kungaba yimvukuzane entsha, iqhubu, noma ushintsho kwimvukuzane ekhona.
- I-Basal Cell Carcinoma: Ingabonakala njengeqhubu elincane, elifana ne-pearl, elifana ne-wax ebusweni, ezindlebeni, noma entanyeni, noma njengebala eliyisicaba, elipinki, elibomvu, noma elinsundu emzimbeni, ezingalweni, noma emilenzeni.
- I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Ingase ibonakale njengeqhubu eliqinile, elibomvu, noma njengendawo eyisicaba ebukhali, enamaxolo, ephuma igazi, noma enamaqhubu ngaphezulu.
- I-Melanoma: Ngokuvamile iqala njengebala elimnyama noma iqhubu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingaba bomvu noma imhlophe. Nakuba ibukeka njengophawu lokuzalwa olujwayelekile, ayivamile ngesimo, umbala, kanye nosayizi.
Kukhona indlela elula ebizwa ngokuthi umthetho we-ABCDE engakusiza ukuthi ubone i-melanoma. Khumbula lokhu uma uhlola isikhumba sakho njalo.
| Umthetho we-ABCDE | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukulingana | Uma indawo ihlukaniswe phakathi, uhlangothi olulodwa ngeke lufane nolunye. |
| I-oda le -B (umphetho) | Unqenqema lwe-mole alujwayelekile, alucacile, futhi lubonakala lufiphele. |
| Umbala | Ukuba khona kwemibala ehlukene, njengonsundu, omnyama, obomvu, omhlophe, noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, endaweni efanayo. |
| Ububanzi | Usayizi we-mole mkhulu kunamamilimitha ayi-6 (cishe usayizi we-eraser yepensela). Kodwa-ke, uma noma yiliphi i-mole liba likhulu, kufanele ubonane nodokotela. |
| Ukuvela | Ushintsho kumbala, ukuma, noma usayizi wendawo ekhona ngaphambilini. Kuqala ukuqubuka noma ukuphuma kwegazi okusha. |
Udokotela uhlonza futhi aphathe kanjani lokhu?
Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezisolisayo esikhumbeni sakho, bheka udokotela wesikhumba ngokushesha . Udokotela uzoqala athathe isampula encane yezicubu endaweni lapho isikhumba sakho sishintshe khona. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-biopsy . Kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia, ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu. Isampula izobe isihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Indlela yokwelapha inqunywa ngokubheka izici eziningi, njengohlobo lomdlavuza onawo, ubukhulu bawo, indawo, kanye nezintandokazi zakho. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha.
- Ukususwa Okuyinhloko: Umdlavuza kanye nenani elincane lezicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile kususwa ngokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Mohs: Ukuhlinzwa okukhethekile okwenziwa kumdlavuza onobungozi obukhulu.
- Ukuhlinzwa Okubandayo: Into ebandayo kakhulu, njenge-nitrogen ewuketshezi, isetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Okhilimu bokuhlikihla: Udokotela wakho angase akunike okhilimu abakhethekile ababulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe, kungadingeka ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njenge-melanoma.
Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sizivikele emdlavuza wesikhumba?
Umonakalo welanga awunakulungiswa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, isikhumba singazilungisa ngezinga elithile, ikakhulukazi uma siqhubeka nokuzivikela elangeni. Ngakho-ke, akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukuqala ukuzivikela elangeni .
- Sebenzisa umuthi wokuvikela ilanga: Khetha umuthi wokuvikela ilanga one-spectrum ebanzi ene-SPF engama-30 noma ngaphezulu . Faka okungenani imizuzu engama-20 ngaphambi kokuphuma elangeni. Phinda ufake njalo emahoreni amabili uma ujuluka noma ubhukuda.
- Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela: Gqoka izingubo ezinemikhono emide kanye namabhulukwe amade ngangokunokwenzeka. Isigqoko esinompheme obanzi sinikeza isivikelo esihle ebusweni nasentanyeni.
- Gqoka izibuko zelanga:Sebenzisa izibuko zelanga ezivikela emisebeni ye-UV.
- Gwema ilanga elinamandla: Nciphisa ukuchayeka elangeni elinamandla, ikakhulukazi phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-2 ntambama .
- Hlola isikhumba sakho ngokwakho: Okungenani kanye ngenyanga, yima phambi kwesibuko bese uhlola isikhumba sakho ngokucophelela kusukela ekhanda kuya ozwaneni. Bheka amabala amasha, amaqhubu, noma izinguquko ezindaweni ezikhona.
- Vikela izingane zakho: Isikhumba sezingane sibucayi kakhulu. Njengabazali, sidinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zivikelekile elangeni futhi sigxilise imikhuba emihle kuzo kusukela zisencane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ilanga liyimbangela eyinhloko yokuguga kwesikhumba ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nomdlavuza wesikhumba.
- Zihlolele isikhumba sakho okungenani kanye ngenyanga. Khumbula umthetho we-ABCDE futhi uqaphele noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile.
- Uma ubona noma yimaphi amabala asolisayo, izigaxa, noma izinguquko esikhumbeni sakho, ungesabi noma ungakunaki, kodwa bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Iningi lomdlavuza wesikhumba lingelapheka ngokuphelele uma litholakala kusenesikhathi. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokulivimbela ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen nokugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela.
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