Sonke siyalithanda ilanga, akunjalo? Kuhle ukuzizwa ufudumele kancane futhi uthole i-vitamin D. Kodwa ingabe ubuhlobo bethu nelanga buhlala bubuhle? Eqinisweni, isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi isikhumba sethu sibukeke sidala, kuvela imibimbi, futhi kuvela amabala kungenxa yalokhu kuvezwa elangeni okungalawuleki. Cabanga nje, isikhumba somuntu oneminyaka engu-40 ubudala ovikela isikhumba sakhe elangeni singabukeka sisesincane njengesikhumba somuntu oneminyaka engu-30 ubudala.
Ukukhanya kwelanga kulimaza kanjani isikhumba sethu?
Sicabanga ukuthi isikhumba siyashintsha njengoba siguga. Kodwa empeleni, iningi lalezo zinguquko libangelwa imisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni. Uma sichayeka kule misebe ye-UV isikhathi eside, uhlobo lwefayibha esikhumbeni sethu olubizwa ngokuthi i-elastin luyalimala. Lezi yizici eziyinhloko ezigcina isikhumba sinwebeka futhi sisebasha. Njengoba le micu iphuka, isikhumba siqala ukugoba nokwelula. Isikhumba sibuye sivuvuke kalula, siklwebheke kalula, futhi sithatha isikhathi eside ukuphola.
Ngakho-ke, noma ungaboni umonakalo welanga usemusha, ngokuqinisekile uyavela njengoba ukhula.
Bheka ithebula elingezansi ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nomonakalo ongase ubangelwe ukuchayeka elangeni esikhumbeni.
| Uhlobo lomonakalo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Izimo zangaphambi komdlavuza kanye nezimo zomdlavuza | Amabala anomdlavuza kanye nangaphambi komdlavuza abangelwa ukwehla kwamasosha omzimba esikhumba. Isibonelo: (Actinic Keratosis), (Basal Cell Carcinoma). |
| Imibimbi | Imibimbi emincane nejulile esikhumbeni. |
| Ama-Freckle | Amabala ansundu (ama-Freckles) nombala wesikhumba ongalingani (i-Mottled Pigmentation). |
| I-Elastosis | Ukubhujiswa kwezicubu ezinwebekayo kanye ne-collagen, okubangela ukugoba kwesikhumba. |
| Ama-Telangiectasias | Imithambo yegazi emincane ebusweni besikhumba iqala ukubonakala kahle. |
Uyini umdlavuza wesikhumba? Ziyini izimbangela zawo?
Kalula nje, umdlavuza wesikhumba ukukhula okungajwayelekile, okungalawulwa kwamangqamuzana esikhumba. Lokhu kukhula kwamangqamuzana kuholela ekwakhekeni kwezimila. Ezinye zalezi zingaba yingozi, okusho ukuthi azinawo umdlavuza. Kodwa ezinye zingaba yingozi, okusho ukuthi zinomdlavuza.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesikhumba:
1. I-basal cell carcinoma
2. I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma
3. I -Melanoma
Kulezi, i-basal cell carcinomas kanye ne-squamous cell carcinomas yizona ezivame kakhulu. Lezi ngokuvamile azibi kakhulu futhi zingelapheka ngokuphelele uma zitholakala futhi zelashwa kusenesikhathi.
Kodwa-ke, i-melanoma iyona eyingozi kakhulu futhi embi kakhulu kulezi. Lo mdlavuza ukhula emaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocytes, anika isikhumba umbala. Uma ungelashwa kahle, ungasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba futhi usongela nokuphila.
Imbangela yokuqala yomdlavuza wesikhumba imisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni. Imisebe ye-UV evela emibhedeni yokushiswa kwesikhumba, lapho ukhokha khona ukuze uthole i-tan, nayo iyingozi.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba?
Nakuba noma ubani angaba nomdlavuza wesikhumba , abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Kulabo abanesikhumba esisha kalula, esikhanyayo noma esinamabala .
- Kulabo abanamehlo akhanyayo nezinwele ezibomvu noma ezimhloshana .
- Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho eseke waba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ngaphambili.
- Kulabo abasebenza elangeni (isib. abalimi, abadobi, abasebenzi bezokwakha).
- Uma uke washiswa kakhulu yilanga useyingane , kwandisa ingozi yakho yomdlavuza we-melanoma .
- Kulabo abanamabala amakhulu noma angafani emzimbeni angaphezu kwama-30 .
Khumbula, yize ingozi iphansi kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama njengesethu, sisengaba nazo zonke lezi zinhlobo zomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi wonke umuntu anakekele isikhumba sakhe.
Singasinakekela kanjani isikhumba sethu? Hlola lezi zici.
Isibonakaliso esivame kakhulu sesixwayiso somdlavuza wesikhumba ukushintsha kwesikhumba. Kungaba yimvukuzane entsha, ukukhula, noma ushintsho kumvukuzane okhona.
- I-Basal Cell Carcinoma: Ingase ibonakale njengeqhubu elincane, elibushelelezi, elifana neparele noma elifana ne-wax ebusweni, ezindlebeni, noma entanyeni.
- I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Ingavela njengeqhubu elibomvu, eliqinile noma indawo eyisicaba, enamaxolo, ephuma igazi.
- I-Melanoma: Ngokuvamile ivela njengebala noma iqhubu elinombala (onsundu, omnyama), kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingaba bomvu noma mhlophe.
Indlela elula yokusiza ekutholeni i-melanoma umthetho we-ABCDE . Uma unokungabaza nge-mole esikhumbeni sakho, hlola la maphuzu.
| Umthetho we-ABCDE | Okufanele ukunake |
|---|---|
| Ukulingana | Uma uhlukanisa indawo phakathi, izinhlangothi zombili zizofana cishe. |
| I-oda le -B (umphetho) | Unqenqema lwendawo luba olungajwayelekile, olungacacile, futhi olungacacile. |
| Umbala | Ibala aliyona umbala owodwa kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa liyingxube yemibala eminingana efana nonsundu, omnyama, obomvu, omhlophe, noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Ububanzi | Usayizi we-mole mkhulu kune-6 millimeters (usayizi we-eraser yepensela).Kodwa udokotela kufanele aziswe nganoma iyiphi i-mole ekhula ibe nkulu kunejwayelekile. |
| Ukuvela | Ibala lishintsha umbala, ukuma, noma usayizi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma liyaluma noma liphume igazi. |
Uma ubona noma yiluphi lwalezi zinguquko esikhumbeni sakho, sicela ungalushayi indiva. Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ukutholwa nokwelashwa komdlavuza wesikhumba
Ukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi unomdlavuza wesikhumba yini ukwenza i-biopsy. Lokhu kulula kakhulu. Udokotela uzoyithulisa indawo esolisayo yesikhumba sakho, athathe ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu lapho, ayithumele elabhorethri. Bese iyahlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ingumdlavuza noma cha.
Izindlela zokwelapha zincike ohlotsheni, usayizi, indawo yomdlavuza, kanye nezifiso zesiguli.
- Kumdlavuza ongeyona i-melanoma: Kusetshenziswa izindlela zokwelapha ezifana nokususwa kwezicubu okuyisisekelo, ukuhlinzwa kokuhlinzwa kanye nokuhlinzwa ngogesi, ukuhlinzwa okucwilisayo, kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali angaphandle.
- Nge-melanoma: Ukususwa okubanzi kokuhlinzwa, ukususwa komdlavuza kanye nomkhawulo wezicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile, ukuhlola ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini kuma-lymph node, kanye, uma kudingeka, i-chemotherapy.
Ngakho-ke, sizivikela kanjani kuleli langa?
Umonakalo welanga awunakulungiswa ngokuphelele. Kodwa isikhumba singazilungisa ngezinga elithile, ikakhulukazi uma siqhubeka nokuzivikela elangeni. Ngakho-ke, akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukuqala ukuzivikela.
- Sebenzisa umuthi omuhle wokuvikela ilanga: Faka umuthi omuhle wokuvikela ilanga one-SPF engama-30 noma ngaphezulu imizuzu engama-20 ngaphambi kokuphuma elangeni. Phinda uwufake njalo emahoreni amabili uma ujuluka noma ubhukuda.
- Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela: Gqoka izingubo ezinemikhono emide kanye namabhulukwe amade ngangokunokwenzeka. Isigqoko esinompheme obanzi singavikela ubuso bakho nentamo.
- Gqoka izibuko zelanga ezinezivikelo ze-UV.
- Gwema ukuchayeka elangeni elinamandla phakathi kuka-10:00 ekuseni no-2:00 ntambama ngangokunokwenzeka. Yilapho imisebe ye-UV inamandla kakhulu khona.
- Hlola isikhumba sakho okungenani kanye ngenyanga. Hamba phambi kwesibuko ubheke yonke indawo emzimbeni wakho, ngaphansi kwezingalo zakho, ngaphansi kwemilenze yakho, nangemuva kwezinwele zakho ukuze ubone noma yiziphi izindawo ezintsha noma izinguquko.
- Njengabazali, vikelani izingane zenu elangeni.Ukuchayeka elangeni ngesikhathi sobuntwana kubangelwa u-80% wokuchayeka elangeni impilo yonke. Ngakho-ke, faka le mikhuba ezinganeni kusukela zisencane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza wesikhumba ukuchayeka elangeni okungalawuleki. Akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukuzivikela.
- Sebenzisa i-SPF 30+ sunscreen njalo uma uphuma ngaphandle. Gqoka izigqoko nezingubo zokuzivikela.
- Zihlolele isikhumba sakho okungenani kanye ngenyanga. Khumbula umthetho we-ABCDE.
- Uma ubona ibala elisha esikhumbeni sakho, ushintsho endaweni ekhona, noma yini esolisayo, ungalishayi indiva bese ubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kungaholela ekwelashweni okuphumelelayo.
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