Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona noma wezwa ukuthi othile unikezwa ukudla okumanzi ngepayipi lapho engakwazi ukudla ngomlomo. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyesabeka futhi kungavamile. Kodwa empeleni inqubo yezokwelapha ebaluleke kakhulu engasindisa izimpilo futhi isize ukugcina umzimba uqinile. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokudla ngepayipi, noma ngokwezokwelapha, ukudla okunomsoco, ngendlela elula kakhulu nenobungane.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukuphakelwa ngamapayipi?
Kulula kakhulu. Kuyindlela esetshenziswa ukunikeza ukudla okunomsoco kanye noketshezi kumuntu ongakwazi ukuhlafuna nokugwinya ukudla kahle. Kuhilela ukupha ukudla okunomsoco okumanzi ngqo esiswini noma emathunjini amancane ngepayipi lepulasitiki elithambile kakhulu neliguquguqukayo.
Cabanga ngesimiso sethu sokugaya ukudla (umgudu wokugaya ukudla) njengendlela ende eyodwa. Iqala emlonyeni, yehle ngomhubhe iye esiswini, bese isuka lapho iye emathunjini amancane. Uma ngesizathu esithile le ndlela ivinjiwe, le payipi ifana nendlela enqamula ukuvimba. Ngayo, ukudla okunomsoco kungathunyelwa ngqo lapho kudingeka khona. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela basebenzisa le payipi ukunikeza imithi.
Kungani umuntu engafuna ukuphakelwa ngepayipi elinje?
Uma ungatholi ukudla okwanele ngokudla ngomlomo, udokotela wakho angase akuncome le ndlela. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma unenkinga yokuhlafuna nokugwinya ukudla, noma isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-dysphagia .
Le ndlela inikeza ukwesekwa okukhulu ekugcineni impilo ye -metabolism yomzimba wakho kanye nohlelo lonke lokugaya ukudla.
Nazi ezinye zezimo lapho lokhu kungadingeka khona:
- Ukulimala ekhanda noma entanyeni: Ubunzima bokugwinya ngenxa yomdlavuza noma ingozi enkulu.
- Izinkinga zesistimu yokugaya ukudla: Izimo ezifana nokuncipha komphimbo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwemisipha kanye nemizwa yesistimu yokugaya ukudla.
- Ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba okuphazamisekile: Izimo ezifana nesifo sikaCrohn esibi zingavimbela umzimba ekumuncweni kwezakhamzimba.
- Izifo zesimiso sezinzwa : Ukulahlekelwa ikhono lokugwinya ngenxa yezimo ezifana nesifo sohlangothi noma ukukhubazeka .
- Isimo sokungazi lutho (i-Coma):Le ndlela ibalulekile ukugcina umzimba uqinile lapho isiguli siqulekile.
- Ukuhlinzwa okukhulu noma ukugula: Ngemva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu noma ukugula okukhulu, kungase kube nzima ukugwinya isikhashana.
Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela batusa lokhu njengendlela yokwenza iziguli zikhululeke kakhulu ekupheleni kokuphila kwazo ( ukunakekelwa kwe-hospice ). Lokhu kuvame ukuba yisinqumo somuntu siqu esenziwe ngokubonisana nesiguli nomndeni.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zomhlanga lezi?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zomhlanga: lezo ezisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esifushane kanye nalezo ezisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esifushane (ngaphansi kwamasonto angu-4-6)
Lawa ngamapayipi avame ukufakwa ngekhala. Angafakwa ngisho noma ulele embhedeni esibhedlela.
| Uhlobo Lweshubhu | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ishubhu le-Nasogastric (NG) | Kusukela ekhaleni, ithubhu lihamba liye esiswini. |
| Ipayipi le-Nasoduodenal (ipayipi le-ND) | Kusukela ekhaleni, ithubhu lihamba liye engxenyeni yokuqala yamathumbu amancane (i-duodenum). |
| Ishubhu le-Nasojejunal (NJ) | Kusukela ekhaleni, ithubhu lihamba liye engxenyeni yesibili yamathumbu amancane (i-jejunum). |
Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside (ngaphezu kwamasonto ayi-6)
Lawa ngamapayipi avame ukuxhunywa ngqo esiswini noma emathunjini amancane ngesikhumba sesisu, ngokuvamile ngenqubo encane yokuhlinzwa.
| Uhlobo Lweshubhu | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ishubhu le-Gastrostomy (i-G-tube) | Ipayipi lixhunywe ngqo esiswini ngesisu. |
| Ishubhu le-Jejunostomy (ishubhu le-J) | Ipayipi lixhunywe ngqo esiswini liye engxenyeni yesibili yamathumbu amancane (i-jejunum). |
| Ishubhu lesisu (ishubhu le-GJ) | Kulokhu, ithubhu lidlula esiswini kuze kufike engxenyeni yesibili yamathumbu amancane. Linezindawo ezimbili. Elinye lisetshenziselwa ukukhipha uketshezi lwesisu, kanti elinye lisetshenziselwa ukunikeza ukudla. |
Uyifaka kanjani le phayiphi?
Inqubo yalokhu izohluka kuye ngohlobo lwepayipi olidingayo. Ipayipi lamakhala lingenziwa embhedeni wesibhedlela. Kodwa-ke, ipayipi le-transabdominal lidinga ukuhlinzwa okuncane. Uzonikezwa i-anesthesia ngesikhathi senqubo, ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu.
- Ngekhala: Udokotela uzofaka ngokucophelela i-lubricant epayipini bese eyidlulisela ekhaleni lakho, yehle ngomhubhe wakho, iye esiswini sakho. Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase ucelwe ukuba uphuze amanzi ngepayipi ukuze kube lula lokhu.
- Ngokwe-Endoscopically: Kulokhu, kufakwa ithubhu elincane neliguquguqukayo (i-endoscope) elinokhamera encane enamathiselwe ngomlomo, libheke ngaphakathi esiswini, bese liphawula indawo eqondile esiswini lapho kufanele kufakwe khona ithubhu. Ngemuva kwalokho, kwenziwa ukusika okuncane bese kufakwa ithubhu. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi i-PEG (Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy) .
- Ngokwemisebe: Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izithombe ze-X-ray ukuthola indawo eqondile lapho kufanele kufakwe khona ipayipi.
- Ngokuhlinzwa: Ngezinye izikhathi leli payipi lifakwa ngokuhlinzwa okuvulekile noma ngokuhlinzwa kwembobo yokhiye (i-laparoscopy).
Yini okufanele uyiqaphele lapho usebenzisa futhi unakekela ithubhu?
Uma usebenzisa leli payipi ekhaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulinakekela kahle. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ipayipi lingase livaleke futhi libangele izifo.
Nansi indlela yokugcina ithubhu lakho kanye nendawo yokufaka ithubhu kuhlanzekile:
- Geza nsuku zonke: Geza isikhumba ngobumnene endaweni yokufaka ngensipho namanzi okungenani kanye ngosuku. Tshela udokotela wakho uma kukhona uketshezi oluphumayo.
- Yomisa kahle: Ngemva kokuwasha, yomisa kahle indawo ngendwangu ehlanzekile bese uyigcina yomile. Amabhaktheriya ayachuma ezindaweni ezimanzi.
- Qaphela izimpawu zokutheleleka: Uma indawo lapho ipayipi lifakwe khona iba bomvu, ivuvukele, ifudumele, ibuhlungu, noma ikhipha ubomvu, kungaba ukutheleleka. Tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Nansi indlela yokunakekela kahle ipayipi lakho:
- Hlanza njalo: Ngaphambi nangemva kokudla, nangaphambi nangemva kokunikeza imithi, hlanza ipayipi ngamanzi ahlanzekile usebenzisa isirinji. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukudla ukuthi kubhajwe ngaphakathi kwepayipi.
- Shintsha ipayipi ngesikhathi esifanele: Wonke amapayipi adinga ukushintshwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. Amanye adinga ukushintshwa njalo ngonyaka, amanye njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3-6. Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ngalokhu.
- Uma ipayipi liphuma: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma kuyipayipi elisha elifakwe esiswini, kuthatha cishe amasonto ayi-6-8 ukuthi lingene emzimbeni. Uma ipayipi liphuma ngengozi phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Yiya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (ETU) ngokushesha.
Isexwayiso: Ungalokothi ubeke noma yini efana neziphuzo ezine-carbonated phansi kwepayipi. Uma ipayipi livalekile, ungazami ukulihlanza nganoma yini efana nocingo. Zama ukulihlanza ngamanzi afudumele. Uma ukuvaleka kuqhubeka, shayela udokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuncelisa ngepayipi kuyindlela yezokwelapha ephephile nebalulekile esetshenziselwa ukugcina umzimba uqinile kumuntu ongakwazi ukudla ngomlomo.
- Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamapayipi okuphakelayo ezidingweni zesikhashana nezesikhathi eside. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukulungele.
- Ukugcina ipayipi kanye nendawo yokufaka ihlanzekile kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.
- Uma ipayipi liphuma, ikakhulukazi emasontweni ambalwa okuqala, kuba yisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
- Uma unemibuzo ngalokhu, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
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