Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungaba njani uma ungazelele ungakwazi ukunyakazisa ingalo noma umlenze, noma uma uzizwa sengathi ingxenye yomzimba wakho ilahlekelwa kancane kancane? Kunzima kakhulu ukuyicabanga, akunjalo? Lesi yisimo sokungakwazi ukunyakazisa imisipha yethu ngokuthanda, okuyinto esiyibiza ngokuthi " Ukukhubazeka " kwisayensi yezokwelapha. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yenkinga ethile ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa. Ngoba, imizwa inikeza isibonakaliso sokuthi imisipha yethu idinga ukunyakazisa. Ngakho-ke, uma ukhubazeka , awukwazi ukunyakazisa ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane eyengeziwe, kulungile?

Kuyini ngempela ukukhubazeka?

Kalula nje, ukukhubazeka ukungakwazi ukulawula imisipha emzimbeni wakho ngokuzithandela, okungukuthi, ngentando yakho. Lokhu kubangelwa uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa. Cabanga ngakho njengekhebula elithwala imiyalezo esuka ebuchosheni bethu iye emisipheni yethu. Uma kunenkinga endaweni ethile kule khebula, umyalezo awudluli kahle. Yilapho imisipha iyeka ukusebenza, okusho ukukhubazeka . Lokhu kukhubazeka kungathinta noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba. Futhi, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwenza lokhu:

• Ukukhubazeka okuyingxenye / i-Paresis: Yilapho ungakwazi ukulawula eminye imisipha, kodwa kunzima ukulawula eminye. Ayikhubazeki ngokuphelele, kodwa izwakala ibuthakathaka.
• Ukukhubazeka okuphelele: Kulesi simo, awukwazi ukulawula noma yimiphi imisipha endaweni.

Futhi, kuye ngokuthi uhlelo lwezinzwa lonakele kuphi, ukukhubazeka kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili:

• `Ukukhubazeka kwe-Flaccid`: Kulokhu, imisipha yakho iba buthakathaka kakhulu futhi ithambe, njengendwangu engenampilo.
• Ukukhubazeka kwe-Spastic: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho imisipha iba lukhuni futhi inyakaze njalo (i-spasticity). Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, imisipha imane ifinyele futhi inyakaze njengoba ithanda.

Kuvame kangakanani ukukhubazeka ?

Ubuwazi ukuthi e-United States kuphela, abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-5.4, noma cishe oyedwa kwabangamashumi amahlanu, kubikwa ukuthi banohlobo oluthile lokukhubazeka? Kunezindaba ezinhle. Abanye abantu banalokhu kukhubazeka okwesikhashana , futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, balulama kancane kancane noma ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-'Bell's palsy', imisipha ebusweni iyakhubazeka okwesikhashana, kodwa ivame ukululama. I-'Palsy' yisimo esibangela ukukhubazeka nokuthuthumela. Kodwa-ke, ' ukukhubazeka okungapheli' kusho ukuthi ngeke uphinde ukwazi ukulawula imisipha yakho. Okusho ukuthi, awukwazi ukuguqula lesi simo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhubazeka?

Siphinde sihlukanise lokhu ngokwendawo ethintekile ngenxa yokukhubazeka.

• Ukukhubazeka kwendawo:Lokhu kuthinta indawo encane yomzimba. Lesi simo sivame ukubonakala ebusweni, ezandleni, ezinyaweni, noma ezintanjeni zezwi.

• Ukukhubazeka okuvamile: Lokhu kuthinta indawo enkulu yomzimba. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa ngokwezinga lomphumela:
• `I-Diplegia`: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho indawo efanayo yomzimba ikhubazeka nhlangothi zombili. Isibonelo, zombili izingalo, zombili imilenze, noma zombili izinhlangothi zobuso.
• `Hemiplegia`: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uhlangothi olulodwa lomzimba lukhubazekile ngokuphelele. Okusho ukuthi, ingalo nomlenze ohlangothini olulodwa. Cabanga nje, ake sithi othile une-`Stroke` kanti uhlangothi lwakhe lwesokudla lukhubazekile, yileyo ndlela.
• `I-Monoplegia`: Kulokhu, ingalo eyodwa noma umlenze owodwa kuphela okhubazekile.
• `I-Paraplegia`: Lokhu kuhilela ukukhubazeka kwemilenze yomibili. Ngezinye izikhathi isisu esingezansi singathinteka.
• I-Quadriplegia (noma i-Tetraplegia): Lokhu kuhilela ukulahlekelwa yizo zonke izitho ezine kanye nomzimba. Abantu abane-quadriplegia bangase balahlekelwe ukunyakaza ngaphansi kwentamo.

Ziyini izimpawu zokukhubazeka?

Uma ukhubazekile, into eyinhloko ukuthi awukwazi ukuhambisa ingxenye yomzimba wakho ethintekile, ingxenye noma yonke. Ngezinye izikhathi, kuye ngendawo yokulimala, ungase ulahlekelwe umuzwa kuleyo ndawo . Abanye abantu bazalwa bekhubazekile, isibonelo ngezimo ezifana ne-cerebral palsy. Ukufa kohlangothi kanye nokulimala komgogodla kungabangela ukukhubazeka ngokuzumayo . Ezinye izimo zingabangela ukukhubazeka kancane kancane . Ezimweni ezinjalo, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Kancane kancane, imizwa kanye nokulawula imisipha kwehla.
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.
• Ukuqaqamba noma ukuba ndikindiki ezithweni.

Yiziphi izimbangela zokukhubazeka?

Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, ukukhubazeka kwenzeka ngenxa yenkinga ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa. Uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa lufana nesikhungo semiyalezo yomzimba wethu. Luthwala izimpawu ezivela ebuchosheni kuwo wonke umzimba futhi luwutshele ukuthi wenzeni. Ngakho-ke uma kukhona okonakalayo kulolu hlelo lwezinzwa, leyo miyalezo ayifiki kahle emisipheni. Isikhathi esiningi, kuba ukulimala okubuhlungu noma isimo sezokwelapha esilimaza imisipha nemizwa. Ukulimala kwesifo sohlangothi kanye nomgogodla yizimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhubazeka. Kunezinye izimbangela, okuhlanganisa:

• Ezinye izimo zikhona lapho umuntu ezalwa, isibonelo `i-Spina bifida`.
• Izifo ezizenzakalelayoIzifo ezihlasela umzimba yizifo lapho amasosha omzimba ethu esebenza khona ngokumelene nathi. Izibonelo: I-Multiple sclerosis (MS) kanye ne-Guillain-Barré syndrome.
• Ukulimala kobuchopho, njengokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu kanye nokukhubazeka kobuchopho.
• Izifo ze-neurological , isibonelo, i-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokukhubazeka?

Ukukhubazeka kungathinta imisipha yethu yokuphefumula kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Kungathinta nezinye izinhlelo zomzimba endaweni ethintekile. Kuye ngohlobo lokukhubazeka, ungase ube sengozini yalokhu:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela kanye ne-pneumonia .
• Amahlule egazi kanye ne-deep vein thrombosis ( DVT ).
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukugwinya ( i-Dysphagia ).
• Ukucindezeleka Nokukhathazeka .
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile kanye nezinye izinkinga zocansi kwabesilisa.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Autonomic dysreflexia) noma umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-Orthostatic hypotension) kanye nesifo senhliziyo.
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba umchamo kanye nokulahlekelwa ukulawula amathumbu.
• Ukulimala kwengcindezi / Izilonda zokulala kanye noshevu wegazi (i-Sepsis).

Okubalulekile: Akuwona wonke umuntu ozobhekana nalezi zinkinga, kodwa kubalulekile ukuzazi ukuze ukwazi ukuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ungakubona kanjani ukukhubazeka?

Uma uya kudokotela, uzokuhlola futhi akubuze nganoma yiziphi izingozi oye wabhekana nazo. Uma ukukhubazeka kwakho kuhamba kancane kancane, uzobuza ukuthi usunesikhathi esingakanani unale nkinga. Ukuze athole okwengeziwe, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuhlolwa okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray: Ukubona ukuthi amathambo aphukile yini nokuthi imizwa yonakele yini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: I-CT scan noma i-MRI ingenziwa ukuze kubhekwe izimpawu zokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, ukulimala kobuchopho, noma ukulimala komgogodla. I-full-body imaging scan ingabheka amathambo, imisipha, kanye nezicubu.
• I-Myelogram: Lokhu kuhlola umonakalo emgogodleni nasezinzwa.
• I-Electromyogram (EMG): Lokhu kuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwezinzwa nemisipha.
• "Umpompi womgogodla (ukubhoboza i-Lumbar)":Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha uketshezi lomgogodla bese uluhlola ukuze luhlole izifo, izimo zokuvuvukala, kanye nezifo ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis (MS).

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ululame ekukhubazekeni?

Eqinisweni, okwamanje ayikho ikhambi lokukhubazeka okuhlala njalo. Kodwa-ke, izimo zokukhubazeka kwesikhashana njenge-Bell's palsy zivame ukuxazululeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kwezinye izimo, kungabonakala ukuthuthuka okuthile, ikakhulukazi phakathi nonyaka wokuqala.

Ukukhubazeka kokukhubazeka kuphathwa noma kwelashwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kokukhubazeka kuvame ukuhlanganisa ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa emsebenzini, kanye nokwelashwa ngenkulumo. Lezi zinsizakalo zokuvuselela zihlanganisa ukusiza abantu ukuba bajwayele ukukhubazeka kwabo, ukuhlinzeka ngokuzivocavoca, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngamadivayisi ahambisanayo nawokusiza ukuze bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Lokhu kungasiza abantu abanokukhubazeka ukuba baphile ngokuzimela futhi babe nekhwalithi engcono yokuphila. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zincike embangela yokukhubazeka nokuthi kukuthinta kanjani. Udokotela wakho angase ancome okulandelayo kanye nokuvuselelwa:

• `Imishini evumelana nezimo`: Imishini esiza abantu ukuthi badle ngokuzimela futhi bashayele izimoto.
• Imishini yokusiza: Izihlalo zabakhubazekile, ama-Scooter, izinduku zokusikeka kanye nezinduku.
• Amadivayisi okufakelwa amathambo/okufakelwa: Isibonelo, ama-braces.
• Ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa izwi: Sebenzisa amakhompyutha, izinhlelo zokukhanyisa, kanye nezingcingo.
• Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zokukhubazeka, isibonelo, ukuqaqamba kwemisipha kanye nezinkinga zomchamo.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukukhubazeka?

Ukulimala komgogodla kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokukhubazeka. Ngakho-ke, nazi ezinye izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze unciphise ingozi yokulimala komgogodla:

• Gqoka ibhande lesihlalo njalo uma ugibele imoto. Qiniseka ukuthi izingane ezincane zisebenzisa isihlalo semoto noma isihlalo sokuphakamisa isihlalo ngendlela efanele.
• Hlola ukujula kwamanzi ngaphambi kokugxumela emanzini.
• Ungashayeli uphuze utshwala noma izidakamizwa, futhi ungahambi nomuntu ophuze utshwala.
• Landela izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho udlala imidlalo noma wenza eminye imisebenzi. Isibonelo, gqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela lapho udlala imidlalo noma ugibela ibhayisikili. Cela othile akusize lapho wenza izinto ezifana ne-gymnastics, futhi usebenzise omata bokukhushula lapho kudingeka khona.
• Ungalokothi uhambise umuntu ocabanga ukuthi ulimale ekhanda , entanyeni, noma emhlane. Shayela ngokushesha ku-1990 (uma useSri Lanka) noma isevisi yezimo eziphuthumayo efanele.

Iyini iphrojekthi kubantu abakhubazekile?

Ukufunda ukuphila nokukhubazeka kungaba yinselele. Kungashintsha impilo yakho, izinto ozenzayo, ngisho nendlela ozicabanga ngayo. Lezi zinguquko zingaholela ezinkingeni zempilo yengqondo kanye nokucindezeleka. Ngakho-ke khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola ukwesekwa, kokubili ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nokuvuselelwa, abantu abaningi abanokukhubazeka bajwayela isimo sabo. Abantu abaningi baphila impilo yokuzimela, esebenzayo kanye nokukhubazeka kwabo. Abantu abane-quadriplegia (ukulahlekelwa yizitho ezine) bavame ukudinga usizo kwabanye kukho konke ukuphila kwabo, kodwa basengagcina izingqondo zabo zisebenza.

Ukulondoloza indlela yokuphila enempilo kubaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni ingozi yezinkinga ezibangelwa isifo sohlangothi. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukukhetha izivivinyo ezifanelana namakhono akho futhi ulondoloze isimiso sokuzivocavoca.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, noma uma ucabanga ukuthi othile ulimele ekhanda , entanyeni, noma emhlane, kufanele ushayele u-1990 ngokushesha. Futhi, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukugwinya, noma ukukhuluma.
• Kuzwakala sengathi kubuhlungu ezithweni noma okunye.
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha (kungaba njalo noma kubuye kudlule).
• Kungazelelwe awukwazi ukunyakaza imisipha yakho.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ungabuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe lokhu kukhubazeka kwesikhashana noma okuhlala njalo?
• Ingabe ngiyoke ngikwazi ukuphinda ngikwazi ukuhamba? Uma kunjalo, kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kimi?
• Hlobo luni lwemishini yokuhamba noma yokusiza engangisiza?
• Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke ngezimpawu zezinkinga?

Ukukhubazeka komzimba kuyisimo esishintsha impilo. Ngisho nokukhubazeka kwesikhashana kungathinta ikhono lakho lokwenza izinto ozithandayo. Uma ukukhubazeka kwenzeka ngokuzumayo, kungaba nzima ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko ezinkulu zendlela yokuphila. Udokotela wakho angakuqondisa ngezinsizakalo zokuvuselela kanye nempilo yengqondo ezitholakalayo kuwe. Abantu abaningi abakhubazekile baphila impilo esebenzayo ngamadivayisi okusiza kanye nokusekelwa kwabathandekayo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlala uqinile.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake sixoxe ngezinto ezilula okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho.

• Ukukhubazeka ukungakwazi ukulawula imisipha. Lokhu kubangelwa inkinga ohlelweni lwezinzwa.
• Lokhu kungaba ngokwengxenye noma okuphelele, futhi kungaba okwesikhashana noma okuhlala njalo.
• Ukulimala kwesifo sohlangothi kanye nomgogodla yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko, kodwa ezinye izifo kanye nokulimala nakho kungakuthinta.
• Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukukhubazeka, futhi udokotela nguyena onquma ukuthi ziyini.
• Nakuba kungekho ikhambi eliqinisekile lokukhubazeka okungapheli, izinsizakalo zokuvuselela ezifana nokwelashwa ngokomzimba kanye nokwelashwa ngokomsebenzi kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila.
• Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukukhubazeka ukugwema izingozi , ikakhulukazi lezo ezilimaza umgogodla.
• Nakuba ukuphila nokukhubazeka kuyinselele, ngokusekelwa nokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bangaphila impilo esebenzayo.
• Uma ubona izimpawu zokukhubazeka, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungenza umehluko omkhulu.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enemibuzo ngalesi simo, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukukhuluma nodokotela. Ungakhathazeki, baningi abantu abangakusiza!