Izinto okudingeka uzazi ngomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane! Ake sixoxe ngalokhu.

Ngezinye izikhathi sizwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza abesifazane abawutholayo. Phakathi kwazo, umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane awuvamile, kodwa kuyinto okufanele siyiqaphele nakanjani. Ungase uzizwe wesaba kancane uma uzwa lokhu, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokwesaba, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethile?

Uyini umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane?

Kalula nje, umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane umdlavuza wamaseli amboze isitho sangasese sowesifazane. Njengoba wazi, isitho sangasese sowesifazane siyisitho esifana nepayipi esixhumanisa isibeletho sakho (ingxenye engezansi yesibeletho sakho) nezitho zangasese zangaphandle (i-vulva).

Ngokuvamile, kuyenzeka ukuthi umdlavuza uqale kwenye indawo emzimbeni, njengomdlavuza wesibeletho noma umdlavuza wesibeletho, bese usakazekela esithweni sangasese sowesifazane. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile ukuthi umdlavuza uqale esithweni sangasese sowesifazane uqobo. Yingakho siwubiza ngokuthi umdlavuza wesibeletho .

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Yebo, zikhona. Ziqanjwe ngohlobo lwamaseli esitho sangasese sowesifazane lapho umdlavuza uqala khona.

• I-Squamous cell carcinoma : Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Kukhona amaseli ayisicaba angaphakathi kwesitho sakho sangasese sowesifazane , abizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-squamous. Lawa amaseli lapho lo mdlavuza uqala khona. Cishe ama-90% azo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane angalolu hlobo.
• I-Adenocarcinoma: Lokhu kuqala emangqamuzaneni ezindlala zesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Kuvame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50. Kodwa-ke, kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile lwalo mdlavuza olubizwa ngokuthi i-clear cell adenocarcinoma . Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvame kakhulu kwabesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-50 ababethola umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i -diethylstilbestrol (DES) ngesikhathi besesibelethweni. Esikhathini esidlule, i-DES yayisetshenziswa ukuvimbela izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• I-Melanoma: Isitho sakho sangasese sowesifazane sinamaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocytes asinika umbala, futhi lo mdlavuza uqala kulawo maseli. Kodwa-ke, i-melanoma esitho sangasese sowesifazane ayivamile kakhulu.
• I-Sarcoma: Lokhu kuqala ezicutshini ezixhumanisayo kanye nezicubu zemisipha ezakha udonga lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Njenge-melanoma, le sarcoma ayivamile kakhulu. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-sarcoma. I-RhabdomyosarcomaUhlobo oluvame kakhulu lubizwa ngokuthi ``Leiomyosarcoma``, oluvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala.

Uvame kangakanani lo mdlavuza?

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi lo mdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane uvame kangakanani. Eqinisweni, umdlavuza ongavamile kakhulu. Cishe oyedwa kwabesifazane abayi-100,000 uba nalesi sifo, futhi uhlobo oluvame kakhulu yi-squamous cell carcinoma. Uma kukhulunywa ngomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane, umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane uphakathi kuka-1% kuya ku-2%.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane?

Kulungile, ubani-ke onamathuba amaningi okuthola umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane? Ake sibone ukuthi unazo yini lezi zinto eziyingozi:

• Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60: Ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane iyanda njengoba ukhula. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza, i-squamous cell carcinoma, luvame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lungavela kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-60.
• Uma uke watheleleka nge - human papillomavirus ( HPV ): I-HPV iyigciwane elidluliselwa ngocansi. Lingandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibeletho kanye nomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Ukuba nabalingani abaningi bocansi futhi ungagonyelwa i-HPV kwandisa ingozi yalesi sifo.
• Uma utholakale une-Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VAIN): I-VAIN isho ukuthi amangqamuzana asohlangothini lwesitho sakho sangasese sowesifazane awavamile, kodwa awawona umdlavuza. Abanye abantu abane-VAIN bangagcina sebeba umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane, kodwa akubona bonke abantu abakwenzayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abacwaningi abakaqiniseki. Unamathuba amaningi okuthola i-VAIN uma une-HPV.
• Uma uke waba nomdlavuza wesibeletho noma i-cervical dysplasia ngaphambili: Usengaba nomdlavuza wesibeletho ngemva kokwelashwa komdlavuza wesibeletho. Futhi, uma unezinhlayiya ezingavamile esibelethweni sakho (cervical dysplasia), lokho kungandisa nengozi yakho yomdlavuza wesibeletho .
• Uma uke wabhekana nomuthi i-diethylstilbestrol (DES): I-DES iyi-estrogen yokwenziwa eyanikezwa ukuvimbela izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa phakathi kuka-1940 no-1971. Uma umama wakho ethatha i-DES ngesikhathi ekhulelwe nawe, usengozini enkulu yokuba nohlobo lomdlavuza olubizwa ngokuthi i-adenocarcinoma.
• Uma ubhema: Ukubhema kwandisa kabili ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane?

Kubalulekile ukwazi izimpawu zomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ungaba nalo mdlavuza ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu. Uma uya kohlolwa njalo, udokotela wakho angase athole amangqamuzana angavamile bese ekutshela ukuthi unawo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo. Udokotela wakho angawubona lo mdlavuza ngisho noma umzimba wakho ungakutsheli lutho.

Kodwa-ke, uma kuvela izimpawu, ungase ubone izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ukopha kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane ngemva kocansi (lokhu ukopha okungahlobene nokuya esikhathini ).
• Ukopha kwangasese ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini (okungukuthi, ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini ngokuphelele).
• Ukuphuma kwamanzi esithweni sangasese sangasese okufana namanzi, okopha, noma okunephunga elibi.
• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi socansi.
• Ukuzwa okuthile okufana neqhubu esithweni sangasese sowesifazane.
• Ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuchama noma umuzwa wokuthi kufanele uchame njalo.
• Ukuqunjelwa noma ukuphuma kwendle emnyama.
• Ukuzwa isidingo sokuzikhulula ngisho noma amathumbu engenalutho.
• Ubuhlungu be-pelvic.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi ukuba nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi kuyisimo esibucayi njengomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Kodwa-ke, uma unesinye salezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze uhlolwe.

Yiziphi izimbangela zomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane?

Abacwaningi abakaqiniseki ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Kodwa-ke, njengakumdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane, kucatshangwa ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi komdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nezinhlobo ze-HPV eziyingozi kakhulu. Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi abantu abaningi abathola umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane banama-antibodies ezinhlotsheni ze-HPV ezihlotshaniswa nomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane.

Lo mdlavuza usakazeka kanjani?

Uyazi ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza aziphatha kanjani. Esikhundleni sokukhula, ukuhlukana, futhi ekugcineni afe njengamaseli avamile, amangqamuzana omdlavuza ayaqhubeka nokukhula. Lawa maseli ahlukana futhi ahlukane ukuze akhe amathumba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lawa mathumba angasakazeka (asakazeke) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, futhi angangena nasezicutshini ezinempilo. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza wesitho sangasese ...

Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane utholakala kanjani?

Uma uya kudokotela onezimpawu, bazoqala bakubuze ngezimpawu zakho. Bese, bazokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze babone ukuthi kukhona yini umdlavuza noma amaseli angaphambi komdlavuza. Izinqubo zokuthatha izithombe zingasiza ekunqumeni isigaba (isigaba) somdlavuza, noma ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini.

Ukuhlolwa

Ngokuvamile, uzohlolwa i-pelvic kanye ne-Pap smear (ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap). Uma udokotela ethola amangqamuzana angajwayelekile, ungase udinge ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, njenge-colposcopy kanye ne-vaginal biopsy. Le biopsy ukuphela kokuhlolwa okungaqinisekisa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona yini.

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic: Udokotela uzobheka izitho zakho zangasese zangaphandle (i-vulva) bese efaka iminwe emibili esithweni sakho sangasese sangasese ukuze ahlole noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka. Isitho sangasese sangasese sizonwetshwa kancane kusetshenziswa idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-speculum ukuze kubonakale ngokucacile umsele wesitho sangasese ...
• I-Pap smear: Ngesikhathi egcina isitho sakho sangasese sivulekile nge-speculum, udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa ithuluzi elifana ne-spatula kanye nebhulashi ukuze akhuhle isampula encane yamangqamuzana avela emlonyeni wakho wesibeletho. Lawa maseli azothunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ahlolwe izimpawu zomdlavuza noma igciwane le-HPV.
• I-Colposcopy: Kulolu vivinyo, udokotela usebenzisa ithuluzi elikhanyayo elibizwa ngokuthi i-colposcope ukuze abheke ngaphakathi kwesitho sakho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nesesibelethweni ukuze athole amaseli angajwayelekile.
• I-Biopsy: I-biopsy ivame ukwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-colposcopy. Udokotela uthatha isampula yezicubu bese eyithumela elabhorethri ukuze ahlole amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ukubeka isiteji

Ukuhlola izigaba kungenye indlela udokotela wakho anquma ngayo ukuthi umdlavuza wakho ususabalale kangakanani. Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane uhlukaniswa ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukuthi isimila sesisabalale kangakanani ngaphakathi kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ukuthi sesisabalale yini kuma-lymph node, nokuthi sesisabalale yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (sesisabalale). Lezi zigaba ezintathu zibizwa ngokuthi i-T (isimila), i-N (ama-node), kanye ne-M (sesisabalale).

Udokotela angakwazi ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza wakho ngokusebenzisa ulwazi oluvela emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kanye nokuhlolwa okungabonakala ngaphakathi emzimbeni.

Izinqubo zokuthwebula izithombe ezisetshenziswa ukunquma isigaba somdlavuza yilezi:

• Ama-X-ray
• Ukuskena kwe-Computerized Tomography (CT)
• Isithombe Sokuzwakala Kwe-Magnetic (MRI)
• Ukuskena kwe-Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

I-MRI inganikeza imininingwane mayelana nosayizi wesimila. Ukuskena kwe-PET kungabonisa ama-lymph node angajwayelekile.

• I-Cystoscopy: Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini esinyeni. Kulolu vivinyo, kufakwa ipayipi elincane elikhanyayo elinekhamera esinyeni sakho.
• I-Proctoscopy: Lokhu kungabona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele emathunjini amancane noma e-rectum. Futhi, kufakwa ipayipi elincane elikhanyisiwe elinekhamera e-rectum yakho.

Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane welashwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane kuncike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, isigaba somdlavuza, kanye neminyaka yakho. Kanye neminyaka yakho, ukuthi unethemba lokuba nezingane noma cha kungathinta nezinqumo zokwelapha.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhlinzwa nge-laser kanye nokwelashwa nge-topical kusetshenziswa ukwelapha amangqamuzana angaphambi komdlavuza. Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane ohlaselayo uvame ukudinga ukuhlinzwa, imisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy. Ungase futhi ube nokwelashwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu ndawonye.

Ukuhlinzwa

• Ukususwa kwendawo ebanzi: Udokotela ususa isimila somdlavuza kanye nezicubu ezithile ezinempilo ezisizungezile.
• Ukususwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane (okuyingxenye noma okukhulu): Kuye ngobukhulu nendawo yesimila, udokotela wakho angasusa ingxenye noma yonke ingxenye yesitho sangasese sowesifazane sakho sowesifazane. Kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani, udokotela wakho angancoma ukususa ama-lymph node (ukuhlukaniswa kwama-lymph node) kanye nokususwa kwesibeletho kanye nomlomo wesibeletho (i-hysterectomy).
• Ukukhishwa kwesisu: Lokhu kuhlinzwa kususa izitho eziningana emgodini wakho wesisu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ingxenye engezansi yamathumbu akho amakhulu (i-rectum), isinye, isibeletho, umlomo wesibeletho, isitho sangasese sowesifazane, ama-ovari, kanye nama-lymph node aseduze. Kudalwa imbobo (isikhwama se-stoma noma se-ostomy) esiswini sakho ukuze ukwazi ukuchama nokuchitha indle. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungacatshangelwa uma umdlavuza ubuyile.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe yamandla eqondiwe, njenge-X-ray, ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwavimba ukuthi angahlukani.

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle: Umshini ongaphandle komzimba wakho uqondisa imisebe yemisebe enamandla aphezulu esimila sakho.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphakathi: Izintambo noma ama-catheter avaliwe aqukethe izinto ezikhipha imisebe afakwa ngaphakathi kwesitho sakho sangasese sowesifazane, kungaba ngaphakathi noma eduze kwesimila.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuphela akuyona indlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo yomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunganikezwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nokwelashwa ngemisebe ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kwawo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nakho kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimila ezinyamalele ngemva kokwelashwa bese zibuya.

Izivivinyo zemitholampilo

Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uhlanganyele esivivinyweni somtholampilo ukuze uzame ukwelashwa okusha komdlavuza okusathuthukiswayo. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-American Cancer Society kanye ne-National Cancer Institute ziyizindawo ezinhle zokwazi ngezivivinyo zomtholampilo eziqhubekayo zokwelapha umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane.

Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi yomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi yini esingayenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi yethu yokuthola umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Nakuba kungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, izinto ezilandelayo zingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi:

• Thola ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic njalo kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Pap. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi kufanele wenze kangaki lokhu kuhlolwa ngudokotela wezifo zabesifazane.
• Thola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokugomela i-HPV. Okwamanje kunemithi yokugomela emithathu evunyelwe yi-FDA: i-Gardasil, i-Gardasil 9, kanye ne-Cervarix.
• Ungabhemi. Ukubhema kwandisa ingozi yazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane.

Iyini inhloso yomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane?

Ukubikezela komuntu onomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane kuncike esigabeni lapho utholakala khona. Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane otholakala kusenesikhathi ungelashwa ngempumelelo. Ungabe usuphila impilo ephelele. Umdlavuza otholakala sekwephuzile, okungukuthi, ezigabeni zakamuva, kunzima kakhulu ukuwuphatha . Ungadinga ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okuqhubekayo kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo kwabesifazane, noma ngabe awuzizwa ugula. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu.

Eminye imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Ingabe umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane ungavela?

Yebo, kungenzeka ukuthi umdlavuza ungene esithweni sangasese sowesifazane. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile ukuthi umdlavuza uqale esithweni sangasese sowesifazane uqobo. Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza oqala kwenye indawo emzimbeni usakazekela esithweni sangasese sowesifazane. Umdlavuza osakazekela esithweni sangasese sowesifazane uvame ukuqala esithweni sakho sowesifazane sowesifazane (umdlavuza wesibeletho) noma olwelwesini lwesibeletho sakho (umdlavuza wesibeletho / umdlavuza we-endometrial).

Yimuphi umdlavuza owuphawu lokopha esithweni sangasese sowesifazane?

Ukopha kwangasese kuyisibonakaliso esivamile sezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza wangasese, umdlavuza wesibeletho, umdlavuza wesibeletho, kanye nomdlavuza wesibeletho. Kodwa-ke, ukopha kwangasese akusona isibonakaliso somdlavuza, kodwa kungaba isibonakaliso sezinye izimo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, ungacabangi ukuthi unomdlavuza ngoba nje ukopha kwangasese okungajwayelekile. Kodwa, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela bese uyahlolwa.

Uzizwa kanjani umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane?

Uphawu oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane ukopha kwegazi kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane okungenabuhlungu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase ungezwa lutho nhlobo uma unomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Akuvamile ukuthi ube nobuhlungu be-pelvic, ubuhlungu lapho uchama , noma ukungakhululeki ngenxa yokuqunjelwa.

Uma kutholakale ukuthi unomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane, kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngokwethembeka nodokotela wakho ngohlobo lomdlavuza, ukuthi ususakazeke yini, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha onazo. Ukubikezela kwakho kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukuchaza ukuthi lokhu kuxilongwa kuzokuthinta kanjani.

Okwamanje, ukwakha inethiwekhi yokusekela eqinile ehlanganisa umndeni wakho, abangani, abasindile kumdlavuza, nabanye abake baba nomdlavuza nakho kuyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lwakho lokunakekelwa. Khuluma nomeluleki ukuze ukhulume ngemizwa yakho mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho. Kubalulekile ukuthi izidingo zakho ezingokomzwelo zaneliswe, kanye nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okutholayo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake sibheke amanye amaphuzu ayinhloko okudingeka uwakhumbule kukho konke lokhu:

• Nakuba umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane umdlavuza ongavamile , kubalulekile ukuwuqaphela.
• Thola ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic njalo kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Pap. Lokhu kungabona ukukhubazeka kusenesikhathi.
• Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV kunganciphisa ingozi yakho yomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
• Gwema ukubhema.
• Uma ubona izimpawu ezifana nokopha okungajwayelekile kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ukuphuma koketshezi okungajwayelekile, noma ubuhlungu ngesikhathi socansi, ungazinaki. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Uma kutholakale ukuthi unomdlavuza, ungesabi. Kukhona odokotela, abeluleki, namaqembu okusekela ukuze bakusize. Thola ulwazi olufanele futhi ubhekane nokwelashwa ngamandla.