Ingabe nawe unesifo sokukhwehlela esikuvusa ebusuku? Ingabe uzizwa ukhathele ngisho noma uhamba ibanga elifushane? Ingabe uzizwa ucindezelekile esifubeni sakho, noma uzwa umsindo wokukhala uma uphefumula? Uma lezi zinto zikwehlela njalo, kungaba uphawu lwe-asthma. Ungakhathazeki, lesi yisimo esithinta abantu abaningi. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi siyini ngempela i-asthma, yiziphi izimpawu zayo, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngayo.
Iyini ngempela i-asthma?
Kalula nje, i-asthma yisimo sesikhathi eside esithinta amaphaphu ethu. Abanye odokotela basibiza nangokuthi isifo sokuphefumula esingamahlalakhona. Abanye basibiza nangokuthi 'i-bronchial asthma'.
Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi imigudu yethu yomoya, amapayipi athwala umoya emaphashini, ayavuvukala, avuvuke, futhi abe mancane. Njengoba nje ipayipi lamanzi livaleka ngothuli bese liba lincane, kuba nzima ngamanzi ukuthi ageleze. Lapho imigudu yomoya iba mincane, kuba nzima ukuphefumula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo olujiyile nolunamathelayo lwe-mucus luqala ukwakheka ngaphakathi kwala mapayipi. Lapho zonke lezi zinto ezintathu zihlangana, kuvela izimpawu ze-asthma.
I-asthma yisifo esingalawulwa kahle ngokwelashwa okufanele futhi ungaphila impilo evamile. Uma ungatholi ukwelashwa, kuzodingeka uye esibhedlela kanye nase- Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) njalo.
Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-asthma?
Akuwona wonke umuntu one-asthma onezimpawu ezifanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Abanye abantu bangase babe nazo ngaso sonke isikhathi, kanti abanye bangase babe nazo ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela. Kodwa kunezimpawu ezithile ezivamile.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukukhwehlela | Ukukhwehlela okomile, ikakhulukazi ebusuku nalapho uvuka ekuseni. |
| Ukuphefumula | Ukuzwa umsindo omncane wokukhala kwekhwela lapho ukhipha umoya. |
| Ukuphelelwa umoya | Ukuzizwa sengathi uyacinana, sengathi awutholi umoya owanele wokuphefumula. |
| Ukuqina kwesifuba noma ubuhlungu | Ukuqina kwesifuba, ingcindezi, noma ubuhlungu. |
| Ukuphazamiseka kokulala | Ukuvuka njalo ebusuku ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumula noma ukukhwehlela. |
Kuyini Ukuhlaselwa Yisifuba?
Ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma kuwukwanda kwezimpawu ngokuzumayo. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi imisipha ezungeze imigudu yomoya iqina ngokuzumayo ngenxa yesizathu esithile (i-trigger). Lokhu kubizwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi (i-Bronchospasm) . Kanye nalokhu, ukuvuvukala nokukhiqizwa kwamafinyila ngaphakathi kwemigudu yomoya kuyanda. Lokhu kwenza ukuphefumula kube nzima kakhulu.
Lezi zimpawu zingase zivele ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yi-asthma okukhulu :
- Umsindo omkhulu wokukhala komoya lapho uphefumula ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
- Ukukhwehlela okungenakuvinjelwa.
- Ukuphefumula okusheshayo kakhulu.
- Ubunzima ngisho nokukhuluma.
- Ukuhoxa (ukuzwa sengathi imisipha entanyeni nasesifubeni idonsela ngaphakathi).
- Izindebe noma izinzipho eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba awutholi umoya-mpilo owanele.
- Ukuzizwa ukhathazekile kakhulu noma wesaba.
- Ubuso buphenduka umbala okhanyayo futhi bujuluka.
Isikhathi sokuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha
I-asthma ivame ukulawulwa nge-inhaler. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izimo, ezingaba yizimo eziphuthumayo ezisongela impilo. Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezinye zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, hambani niye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (ETU) ngokushesha.
| Izimpawu Eziphuthumayo! | |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula | Ukuphelelwa umoya, ukungakwazi ukukhuluma noma ukuhamba. |
| I-inhaler yokusiza ngokushesha ayisebenzi | Izimpawu azithuthuki ngisho nangemva kokusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho evamile. |
| Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba | Ubumhlophe noma ukuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kobuso, izindebe, noma izinzipho (i-cyanosis). |
| Ukuphefumula okusheshayo kakhulu | Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuphefumula. |
Yiziphi izinto ezibangela i-asthma?
Izindlela zokuphefumula zomuntu one-asthma ziyazwela kakhulu. Ngisho nezinto ezingeyona inkinga kumuntu ojwayelekile zingandisa izimpawu zomuntu one-asthma. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'izimbangela'. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi lezi.
- Izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba: Izinto ezifana nothuli, impova, i-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo, amaphela, kanye nesikhunta.
- Izifo zokuphefumula: Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Abanye abantu babhekana nezimpawu ze-asthma kuphela uma bezivocavoca.
- Izinguquko zesimo sezulu: umoya obandayo kakhulu noma owomile, izinguquko ezisheshayo zesimo sezulu.
- Iphunga elinamandla kanye nentuthu: intuthu kagwayi (ngisho nokubhema ugwayi ngaphandle kokubhema), amakha, amakhemikhali okuhlanza, ukungcola komoya.
- Eminye imithi: Eminye imithi yokubulala izinhlungu efana ne-aspirin.
- Ukudla: Abanye abantu bangase babe nokungezwani nokudla okuqukethe izithasiselo (ama-sulfite) (isib. izithelo ezomisiwe, ama-pickle).
- Imizwa enamandla: Injabulo enkulu, ukudabuka, ukwesaba, noma ukucindezeleka nakho kungabangela izinguquko ezindleleni zokuphefumula futhi kube kubi kakhulu i-asthma.
- I-Gastritis (GERD): I-asthma yabanye abantu nayo iba yimbi kakhulu ngenxa ye-asidi yesisu ekhuphukela emphinjeni.
I-asthma itholakala kanjani?
Uma usola ukuthi une-asthma, bona udokotela womndeni wakho. Uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ekuxilonga. Uma kudingeka, bangakudlulisela kuchwepheshe wamaphaphu (i-pulmonologist).
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlolwa okuyinhloko ezenziwayo ukuqinisekisa i-asthma:
- I-Spirometry: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kokuphefumula okulula. Ucelwa ukuthi uphefumulele kudivayisi ngamandla. Kukala ukuthi ungakhipha umoya ongakanani emaphashini akho ngokushesha nokuthi ungakanani umoya.
- I-Peak Flow Meter: Lena idivayisi encane ongayisebenzisa ekhaya. Ingalinganisa nesivinini sokuphefumula kwakho. Lokhu kungakusiza ubone ukuthi i-asthma yakho iyalawuleka yini.
- Ezinye izivivinyo: Ngezinye izikhathi, izinto ezifana ne-X-ray yesifuba kanye nokuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba kungenziwa.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-asthma?
I-asthma ayinakwelapheka ngokuphelele, kodwa ngokwelashwa okufanele, ungalawula izimpawu zakho futhi uphile impilo ejwayelekile. Udokotela wakho uzokwakha Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lwe-Asthma ngokusekelwe ebunzimeni be-asthma yakho.
Ukwelashwa kuhlukaniswe kakhulu izingxenye ezimbili:
1. Imithi Yokusiza Ngokushesha/Yokuhlangula
Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukunikeza impumuzo esheshayo lapho kuvela izimpawu ze-asthma. Ziphumuza ngokushesha imisipha ezungeze izindlela zokuphefumula, okwenza kube lula ukuphefumula.
- Ama-beta-agonists asebenza isikhathi esifushane: Lawa yilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi 'i-rescue inhaler'. Isibonelo yi-Albuterol/Salbutamol. Kufanele uhlale unalokhu.
2. Imithi Yokulawula/Yokulawula Yesikhathi Eside
Lezi zisetshenziswa nsuku zonke, noma ngabe azikho izimpawu. Umgomo ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya nokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma.
- Ama-Corticosteroids Aphefumulayo: Lawa uhlobo lomuthi olubaluleke kakhulu nolusetshenziswa kakhulu lokulawula i-asthma. Anciphisa ukuvuvukala emigudwini yomoya.
- Ama-beta-agonists asebenza isikhathi eside (LABA): Lawa andisa nemigudu yokuphefumula, kodwa asebenza amahora amaningana. Ngokuvamile anikezwa njengenhlanganisela ye-inhaler nama-corticosteroids aphefumulayo.
- Ama-Leukotriene modifiers: Lena imithi ethathwa njengamaphilisi. Lokhu futhi kuyasiza ekulawuleni ukuvuvukala emigudwini yomoya. Isibonelo: (i-Montelukast).
Uma kufanele usebenzise njalo i-rescue inhaler yakho, kusho ukuthi i-asthma yakho ayilawulwa kahle. Ezimweni ezinjalo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho futhi uhlole kabusha uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-asthma akuyona isifo okufanele sesatshwe, kodwa kumele siphathwe ngendlela efanele. Yisimo sesikhathi eside.
- Naka izimpawu zakho, ikakhulukazi ukukhwehlela nokuphefumula ebusuku.
- Thola izinto ezibangela i-asthma yakho bese uzigwema ngangokunokwenzeka. Gwema uthuli, intuthu, kanye nephunga elinamandla.
- Thatha umuthi wokulawula kadokotela wakho njengoba uyalelwe nsuku zonke, ngisho nangezinsuku lapho ungenazo izimpawu. Leyo yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma.
- Hlala ugcina i-inhaler yokusiza eduze.
- Uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo njengobunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula noma izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nohlelo lwakho lwe-asthma futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uyaluqonda kahle.
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