Cishe uke wezwa ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zethu zithonya indlela esigula ngayo nendlela esibukeka ngayo. Kuyiqiniso lokho. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi singashintsha nendlela la mazakhi zofuzo asebenza ngayo ezintweni ezifana nendlela yethu yokuphila, lokho esikudlayo, kanye nendawo esihlala kuyo? Lezo yizinto esikhuluma ngazo ngaphansi kwalesi sihloko esibizwa ngokuthi i-Epigenetics . Nakuba lesi kuyisihloko esisha, sibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yethu, ngakho ake sixoxe ngaso.

Ngakho-ke kuyini ngempela lokhu (i-Epigenetics)?

Kalula nje, i-epigenetics iwukufunda ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zethu zithinteka kanjani yindawo esikuyo nezinto esizenzayo . Ngokuvamile sicabanga ngezakhi zofuzo njengento esingenakuyilawula, into esiyizuza kubazali bethu. Eqinisweni, izinto eziningi, njengombala wamehlo ethu kanye nethuba lokukhula kwezifo ezithile, zinqunywa yilezi zakhi zofuzo kusukela ngesikhathi sizalwa. Ngakho-ke ungase ucabange ukuthi izakhi zofuzo ziyinto engenakuguqulwa, ebekwe etsheni. Kodwa cabanga ukuthi besingashintsha indlela lawa mazakhi zofuzo asebenza ngayo futhi sithuthukise impilo yethu ? Ososayensi bacwaninga nge-epigenetics benalelo themba engqondweni. Yingakho lesi sihloko, i-epigenetics, sesiyinto abantu abaningi abanjengani abanesifiso sokufunda ngayo. I-Epigenetics iwumkhakha omusha wokufunda. Ibheka ukuthi amakhemikhali athile ngaphakathi kwamaseli emizimba yethu alawula kanjani indlela izakhi zofuzo zethu ezisebenza ngayo. Ososayensi babiza la makhemikhali ngokuthi 'amamaki e-epigenetic' noma 'amasignesha amakhemikhali' . Ngezinye izikhathi lawa mamaki amakhemikhali asiza imizimba yethu ukuba ibe namandla futhi imelane nezifo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi angalimaza impilo yethu. Uma uchaza igama elithi 'epigenetics', kunezingxenye ezimbili: 'epi' kanye 'ne-genetics'. Igama elithi 'Epi' lisho ukuthi 'phezulu, ngaphandle, nxazonke'. Igama elithi 'genetics' limayelana nezakhi zofuzo, okungukuthi, izinkulungwane zezingcezu ze -DNA (i-Deoxyribonucleic Acid) ezikwenza uhluke. Ngakho-ke, uma sikhuluma 'nge-epigenetics', sikhuluma ngakho konke okuzungeze izakhi zofuzo zakho. Ososayensi babheka amakhemikhali ahlala ngokoqobo kuzakhi zofuzo zakho futhi asebenze kuzo. Banaka nezinto esingazibona ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, njengokudla esikudlayo, inani lokuzivocavoca esikwenzayo, kanye nokunakekelwa esakuthola siseyizingane.

Indawo esikuyo kanye nezinqumo esizenzayo kukuthinta kanjani lokhu?

Ososayensi sebenesikhathi eside bazi ukuthi indawo esikuyo kanye nokuziphatha kwethu komuntu siqu kudala impilo yethu. Isibonelo, cabanga ngalokhu:

• Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezithile ezinobuthi kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza .
• Ukungcoliswa komoya kungabangela izifo ezifana ne -asthma .
• Ukuzivocavoca kuqinisa inhliziyo yakho.
• Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco kuhle kakhulu engqondweni nasemzimbeni wakho .

Ngakho-ke, impilo yakho nokuphila kwakho isikhathi eside akubangelwa nje izakhi zofuzo noma imvelo yakho. Kunezinto eziningi ezithinta lokhu, uyaqonda?

Okokuqala, ake sifunde kancane ngezakhi zofuzo kanye ne-DNA, akunjalo?

Izakhi zofuzo ziyiyunithi eziyisisekelo ze-DNA. Uchungechunge lwakho lonke lwe-DNA luvame ukuqhathaniswa nencwadi yengadi noma incwadi yemiyalelo. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi i-DNA inikeza imiyalelo okudingeka ukuthi wonke amaseli emzimbeni wakho asebenze ngendlela evamile. Amaseli akho afunda le DNA ukuze azi ukuthi enzeni nokuthi angayenza kanjani.

Pho-ke iyini i-gene?

Kunezigidigidi zamaseli emzimbeni wakho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Lawa maseli ahlukana njalo ukuze enze amaseli amasha (azenzele amakhophi) ukuze athathe indawo yalawo afayo. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi amaseli afanayo akudingeki ahlale impilo yakho yonke - ayafa, bese kwenziwa amasha. Lena inqubo evamile emzimbeni wakho. Lawa ma-trillion amaseli athembele ku-DNA yakho ukuze azi ukuthi akhule kanjani, ukuthi akopishe nini, nokuthi ayeke nini ukuhlukana.

Amaseli ayisebenzisa kanjani le DNA?

Iseli ngalinye emzimbeni lenza umsebenzi walo. Ukuze lenze lokho, lifunda izingxenye ezithile ze-DNA yakho. Lezo zingxenye zibizwa ngokuthi izakhi zofuzo zakho ngazinye. Ungacabanga ngalezi zakhi zofuzo njengezahluko encwadini yemiyalelo, noma njengezindlela zokupheka encwadini yokupheka. Izakhi zofuzo ziyizingcezu ezincane zolwazi ezihlangana ndawonye ukuze zakhe isethi yakho yonke yezakhi zofuzo, noma i-genome . Kodwa akuwona wonke amaseli afunda yonke isethi yemiyalelo (uchungechunge lwakho lonke lwe-DNA, noma i-genome). Lokho kungenxa yokuthi akuwona wonke amaseli adinga yonke isethi yemiyalelo - adinga nje izingxenye ezithile. Amaseli anemisebenzi ethile emzimbeni, futhi adinga nje ukwenza imisebenzi yawo ethile. Cabanga ngale ndlela: uma wenza ikhekhe, awudingi iresiphi yesoso likatamatisi. Udinga nje iresiphi yalokho okwenzayo.

Ngakho-ke iyini le epigenome?

I-epigenome yakho iyizo zonke izakhi zofuzo zakho nakho konke okulawula indlela ozisebenzisa ngayo . Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-epigenome yakho iyashintshashintsha . Iyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungaba kuhle noma kubi. Kuhle ngoba izinto ezifana nokudla okunomsoco, ukuvivinya umzimba, kanye namazinga okucindezeleka aphakathi kungaholela ezinguqukweni ze-epigenetic ezizuzisa impilo. Kodwa izinto ezifana nokudla okucutshunguliwe, ukubhema, kanye nokucindezeleka ngokweqile kungaholela ezinguqukweni ze-epigenetic eziyingozi empilweni. Ngakho-ke, yini ethinta i-epigenome yakho? Yini ongayenza ngakho? Empeleni kuningi esingakakwazi okwamanje. Kodwa ubufakazi busikisela ukuthi izinto esizifaka emizimbeni yethu kanye nendlela esisebenzisana ngayo nomhlaba osizungezile kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ku-epigenome yethu.Nakuba singenakukwazi ukulawula lezi zinto njalo, ngezinye izikhathi singazilawula - lokho kungcono kakhulu kunalokho esingakusho ngezakhi zofuzo esizizuza njengefa, akunjalo?

Yiziphi izifo ezihlotshaniswa ne-epigenetics?

Ososayensi basafunda ukuthi izinguquko ze-epigenetic zithinta kanjani imizimba yethu kanye nokukhula kwezifo. Bakholelwa nokuthi izinguquko ezithile zomzimba kanye nezimo zesifo nazo zingabangela izinguquko ku-epigenome yakho. Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi izinguquko ze-epigenetic zihlobene nalokhu:

• Indlela umzimba wakho osebenza ngayo .
• Inqubo yokuguga kanye nezifo ezihlobene nokuguga .
• Izifo ezithinta ubuchopho bakho, njengesifo sikaParkinson , isifo sika-Alzheimer , kanye nezinkinga ezibangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo .
• Ukuthuthukisa umdlavuza .
• Izinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa .
• Ukuvuvukala kanye nezimo ezihlobene nazo njenge -asthma kanye nezifo zokuzivikela komzimba .

Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka, ososayensi banethemba lokuthi:

• Thola ukuqonda okusha kokuthi izinguquko ze-epigenetic zibangela noma zihlobene kanjani nezimo zezifo ezahlukahlukene.
• Funda ukuthi yini esingayenza ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke ukuze sinciphise ingozi yezifo ezithile.
• Thuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha izifo ezihlose i-epigenome.

Yini engashintsha ngempela i-epigenome yethu?

I-epigenome yakho yakhiwe amandla angenakubalwa. Amanye awo aqala ukukuthonya ungakazalwa. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Ukudla okudliwe ngumama wakho ngesikhathi ekuthwala esiswini sakhe (ukudla kokukhulelwa) .
• Impilo kamama wakho iyonke kanye nenhlalakahle yakhe yengqondo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa .
• Ukudla okunempilo owakuthola useyingane encane .
• Okuhlangenwe nakho okubi kwasebuntwaneni .
• Okuhlangenwe nakho kokufunda owakuthola usengumntwana kanye nokuxhumana owawunakho nabantu abadala .
• Ukuchayeka ebuthi obufana nokungcola komoya, intuthu kadizili, kanye nentuthu kagwayi .
• Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali afana nepulasitiki, i-BPA, kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana ne-lead noma i-cadmium.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile kadokotela .
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ugwayi kanye nezinye izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa .
• Ukudla okudlayo njengomuntu omdala .
• Izinga lakho lomsebenzi womzimba .
• Izinga lokucindezeleka empilweni yakho yansuku zonke .
• Ubudlelwano bakho kanye nokuxhumana nabantu .
• Umphakathi ohlala kuwo kanye nokusekelwa okutholayo (noma ongakutholi) kuwo .
• Ukufinyelela izinsizakalo zezempilo kanye nezinsizakusebenza zokusekela izidingo zakho zezempilo .

Lezi zinguquko zenzeka kanjani?

Ososayensi basazama ukuthola ukuthi lokhu kuvezwa kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kubangela kanjani izinguquko kumaseli akho. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinto zakha amamaki e-epigenetic ku-DNA yakho, athinta indlela amaseli akho asebenza ngayo. Isibonelo, amamaki e-epigenetic angavimbela amaseli ekufundeni izingxenye ezithile ze-genome yakho. Okusho ukuthi, i-gene okufanele ukuthi isebenza iyathuliswa, noma ivalwe. Ngenxa yalokho, amaseli akho awakwazi ukufunda lawo ma-gene (amaresiphi), futhi awakwazi ukwenza ezinye zezinto azidingayo ukuze akugcine uphilile, njengokuvimba amaseli omdlavuza ekukhuleni. Ezinye izinguquko ze-epigenetic eziyingozi zingezesikhashana futhi zingabuyiselwa emuva. Kodwa ezinye zihlala isikhathi eside, ngezinye izikhathi impilo yonke.

Ingabe lezi zinguquko zingaba ngcono?

Yebo, impela. Amamaki e-Epigenetic angaba wusizo, noma avikele ngisho nomntwana. Isibonelo, ukunikeza ingane amathuba amaningi okufunda kungaholela ezinguqukweni ezinhle ze-epigenetic ezisekela impilo yayo yengqondo neyomzimba iminyaka eminingi ezayo . Awukwazi ukukhetha izakhi zofuzo ozithola kubazali bakho. Futhi awukwazi ukulawula ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba okuzungezile. Kodwa ukuqaphela zonke lezi zici 'ezizondla' wena - kanye nezingane zakho - kungakusiza wenze konke ongakwenza ukudala i-epigenome enempilo.

Ingabe singayithonya kahle i-epigenome yethu? Yebo! Kanjani?

Yebo, kungakwenza nakanjani. Nakuba kungekho mhlahlandlela owodwa oqondile wokuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ezinye zezinqumo esizenzayo zingasekela izinguquko ezinhle ze-epigenetic futhi zinciphise ingozi yezinguquko ezimbi. Nazi ezinye izeluleko zokusiza:

• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco. Ungacela usizo kuchwepheshe wezokudla ukuze udale uhlelo lokudla oluhambisana nezidingo zakho zezempilo nendlela yakho yokuphila.
• Engeza umsebenzi womzimba osukwini lwakho.Ngaphambi kokuqala uhlelo olusha lokuzivocavoca, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Bazokutshela ukuthi yikuphi ukuzivocavoca okuphephile kuwe.
• Nciphisa utshwala futhi uyeke ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele.
• Zama ukuphumula ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ulawule ukucindezeleka.

Lezi yizinto zonke ongazenzela zona. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-epigenome yethu isengozini enkulu yokushintsha eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala yokuphila . Ngakho-ke, uma ungumzali noma umnakekeli, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka lezi zinto:

• Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukudla okufanele. Ungacela udokotela wezingane ukuthi akunike iseluleko sokuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu.
• Nikeza ingane yakho amathuba okufunda kusukela isencane. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuyinika amathoyizi ayisiza ukuthi ifunde futhi ikhumbule, ukukhuluma nayo, ukufunda izincwadi, nokuyifundisa amagama amasha.
• Dala indawo ezungeze ingane yakho lapho izizwa ikhululekile, iphephile, futhi izungezwe abantu abanothando nabasekelayo.
• Uma ubhekene nezinselele ezifana nokuntuleka kokudla, ukuntuleka kwezindlu, noma ukuhlukunyezwa ekhaya, funa usizo kudokotela. Bangakusiza ukuthola izinsiza ozidingayo ukuze uzivikele wena nezingane zakho futhi uthole ukwesekwa.

Okokugcina, izinto okudingeka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Uma umqondo we-epigenetics uzwakala ungajwayelekile futhi uthusa kancane kuwe, awuwedwa. Ukucabanga ngokwenzekayo emizimbeni yethu kungaba yinto ejabulisayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi eqeda amandla. Kungazwakala sengathi asinakuzisiza futhi singenamandla. Kuzwakala sengathi izinto eziningi azisekho ezandleni zethu. Kodwa i-epigenetics isinika ithemba lokuthi singaba nethonya elithile ezinqubweni zangaphakathi zemizimba yethu .

I-Epigenetics iseyintsha uma iqhathaniswa neminye imikhakha yokufunda. Kusekuningi esingakwazi. Kodwa lokho kusho ukuthi kusekuningi kakhulu okusazotholakala! Udokotela wakho angakutshela okwengeziwe ngendlela izakhi zofuzo zakho kanye ne-epigenome ezithinta ngayo impilo yakho. Angakutshela nokuthi ungatholaphi ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ngakho-ke, kafushane nje, izakhi zofuzo zethu ziyingxenye eyodwa nje yendaba yethu. Indlela esiphila ngayo, izinqumo esizenzayo, uthando nokunakekelwa esikutholayo, konke kunomthelela omkhulu endleleni leyo ndaba ebhalwa ngayo. Leso yisifundo esibaluleke kakhulu esisifundiswa yi-epigenetics.