Bomama abakhulelwe, masizivikele kuleli gciwane elibi leZika! Ingabe kufanele sifunde imininingwane?

Uma ukhulelwe noma ulindele umntwana maduze, lokhu kuzobaluleka kakhulu kuwe. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa igama elithi "Zika". Kodwa namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi liyini ngempela nokuthi kungani liyingozi, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Kufana nokukhuluma nomngane wakho omkhulu, ngakho-ke ake sizame ukuliqonda kalula.

Iyini iZika? Ivelaphi?

Kalula nje, iZika yisifo esibangelwa yigciwane . Njengodengue kanye ne-chikungunya, idluliselwa kakhulu omiyane. Ikakhulukazi, izinhlobo ezimbili zomiyane, `(Aedes aegypti)` kanye `(Aedes albopictus)`, zithwala leli gciwane . Laba omiyane baluma kakhulu emini.

Iningi labantu abaneZika alinazo izimpawu , noma ezingembi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ungase ungazi nokuthi unesifo. Kodwa-ke, uma owesifazane okhulelwe ethelelekile ngaleli gciwane, lingalimaza kakhulu ukukhula kobuchopho bomntwana ongakazalwa. Leyo ingozi enkulu.

Umiyane ophethe igciwane leZika utholakala emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Lesi sifo sisakazeke ikakhulukazi eMelika, eCaribbean, ezingxenyeni ezithile zase-Afrika, nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia. Esikhathini esidlule, kwakukhona ngisho nezifo ezinkulu eziwumshayabhuqe. Manje, amacala amaningi abikwa phakathi kwabantu abaye bahamba kwamanye amazwe.

Ziyini izimpawu zeZika? Ingabe wonke umuntu uyazithola?

Ngokumangazayo, akuwona wonke umuntu othola i-Zika ozoba nezimpawu. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu abathelelekile ozoba nezimpawu. Futhi lezo zimpawu zivame ukuhlala kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya esontweni.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezingabonakala yilezi:

• Imfiva
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga (ikakhulukazi amalunga amancane ezandla nezinyawo)
• Ukubomvu kwamehlo (okufana ne-conjunctivitis)
• Ukulimala kwesikhumba(Lolu uhlobo lwe-"Maculopapular" lokuqubuka, okusho ukuthi ezinye izindawo ziphakeme kanti ezinye ziyisicaba futhi zibomvu. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuqubuka kungaluma.)

Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimpawu zifana nezemikhuhlane evamile yamagciwane kanye nomkhuhlane we-dengue, singase singacabangi ukuthi kungaba yi-Zika. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu uma uke waya endaweni esengozini.

Ingabe i-Zika iyingozi? Ubani othinteka kakhulu?

Kubantu abadala nezingane, i-Zika ayisona isifo esibucayi. Iningi labantu liyalulama ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ngaphandle kwezimpawu noma izimpawu ezincane kuphela.

Kodwa-ke, iZika iyisimo esiyingozi kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Lokhu kuyinto sonke okudingeka siyikhumbule.

Uma i-Zika itholakala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, igciwane lingadluliselwa kusuka kumama liye enganeni futhi lingaphazamisa ukukhula kwesimiso sezinzwa sengane, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho. Lokhu kungaholela ezimeni ezahlukene zokuzalwa lapho izalwa.

I-Zika ingena kanjani emizimbeni yethu? Kunezindlela eziningana ezingadluliselwa ngazo!

Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko igciwane leZika elingangena ngazo emizimbeni yethu:

1. Ngokulunywa umiyane: Lena yindlela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu . Uma umiyane we-Aedes uluma umuntu onegciwane le-Zika bese uluma umuntu ophilile, lowo muntu angangenwa yileli gciwane. Njengoba nje igciwane le-dengue lidluliselwa.

2. Kusukela kumama okhulelwe kuya enganeni: Yilapho okudingeka sigxile khona kakhulu . Uma umama etheleleke nge-Zika ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, igciwane lingadlula i-placenta lingene emntwaneni esibelethweni. Lokhu kungabangela izimo ezibucayi enganeni, njenge-"Microcephaly" (ikhanda elincane).

3. Ngocansi: Lena enye into abantu abaningi abangazi. Leli gciwane lingahlala lisebenza esidoda kanye noketshezi lwesitho sangasese somuntu otheleleke ngegciwane iZika amasonto, ngisho nezinyanga. Ngisho noma kungekho zimpawu, futhi ngisho nangemva kokuba lesi sifo sesiphelile, omunye umuntu angatheleleka ngalolu hlobo locansi. Ngakho-ke, lingadluliselwa ngocansi lomlomo, lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, noma lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.

4. Ngokumpontshelwa igazi: Lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu . Kube nezimo eziningana zokudluliswa kwe-Zika ngokumpontshelwa igazi emazweni afana neBrazil neFrance. Kodwa-ke, akukaze kube nemibiko yokudluliswa kwe-Zika ngokumpontshelwa igazi emazweni afana ne-United States.

I-Zika ingathelelana isikhathi esingakanani?

Uma sikhuluma ngokudluliswa kocansi, ezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi igciwane lingatholakala esidoda kuze kube amasonto ayisithupha ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Yingakho uma uke waya endaweni lapho iZika ivame khona, kufanele uhlale kude nayo okungenani izinyanga ezintathu , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unezimpawu noma cha.Kuyelulekwa ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuzivikela ezifana namakhondomu lapho uya ocansini, noma ukuyeka ucansi.

Iyini imiphumela enganeni uma iZika itholakala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele sonke sikhathazeke ngayo. Uma umama okhulelwe ethola i-Zika, igciwane lingadlulela enganeni yakhe futhi lithinte ukukhula komntwana. Ngokwezibalo, cishe u-5% (lokho cishe oyedwa kwabangu-20) omama abathola i-Zika bazozala izingane zabo zinezinkinga ezithile (`(izimo zokuzalwa)`).

Izinkinga eziyinhloko ezingaba khona yilezi:

• Ikhanda elincane kunelijwayelekile (i-Microcephaly) : Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubuchopho bomntwana abukakhuli kahle. Lokhu kungathinta kakhulu intuthuko yengqondo neyomzimba yengane.
• I-Congenital Zika syndrome : Lokhu kubonakala ngokucindezelwa okukhulu kwekhanda, ugebhezi olucwile kancane, ukuncipha kwezicubu zobuchopho, ukulimala kwamehlo, izinkinga zamalunga, kanye nokuqina kwemisipha ngokweqile (hypertonia).
• Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho okungalungile : Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izimo ezibucayi ezifana nokukhubazeka kwe-neural tube, i-lissencephaly (ubuchopho obuthambile), i-hydrocephalus (amanzi ekhanda), ukulahlekelwa izingxenye zobuchopho, kanye nokuwohloka kobuchopho.
• I-Cerebral palsy : Lokhu kunemiphumela yesikhathi eside ekuhlanganiseni kwengane kanye nokulawula imisipha.
• Ukukhubazeka kokubona noma kokuzwa
• Isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa

Into ebalulekile ukuthi udokotela akakwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi lezi zinkinga zizokwenzeka noma zingavinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, bangakulungiselela ngokwengqondo futhi bakunikeze ukwesekwa okudingekayo ezinseleleni wena nomntwana wakho eningase nibhekane nazo uma umntwana esezelwe.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unesifo iZika? Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi unesifo seZika , udinga ukuhlolwa udokotela . Ngokuvamile, igazi noma umchamo wakho kuyahlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi igciwane likhona yini. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa kuphela uma uye endaweni enengozi yeZika futhi ubonisa izimpawu.

Ngeshwa, awukho umuthi othize okwamanje wokubulala igciwane le-Zika noma ukwelapha lesi sifo ngokuphelele. Odokotela bangakusiza ukuphatha izimpawu zakho (njengomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba) futhi bakufundise ukuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukuthelela abanye.

• Ekhaya, unganciphisa umkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba ngemithi efana ne-`(Acetaminophen)` (isib. iPanadol).
• Kodwa khumbula lokhu: Ungathathi i-aspirin noma eminye imithi engeyona eye-steroidal yokulwa nokuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) (isib. i-ibuprofen, i-diclofenac) ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.Ngoba, kwezinye izifo ezifana ne-dengue ezinezimpawu ezifana neze-Zika, lo muthi ungandisa ingozi yokopha.

Ukutheleleka kwe-Zika kuvame ukuxazululeka ngokwako zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya esontweni. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uma kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izinkinga zokuzalwa (izimo zokuzalwa) ingane engase ibe nazo zihlala njalo futhi azikwazi ukwelapheka.

Ngakho-ke singazivikela kanjani egciwaneni leZika? Ukuvimbela kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu!

Njengoba kungekho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwegciwane leZika, into engcono kakhulu okufanele uyenze ukuhlala uphephile . Kunezinto ezimbalwa esingazenza ukuze senze lokho:

1. Zivikele komiyane: Lena yinto yokuqala nebaluleke kakhulu .

• Uma uya endaweni enobungozi bokutheleleka yiZika, gqoka izingubo ezinde nezimboziwe kahle.
• Faka umuthi wokuxosha izinambuzane obhaliswe yi-EPA esikhumbeni esiveziwe.
• Hlala endlini ngangokunokwenzeka, ubeke izikrini emafasiteleni, noma emakamelweni anomoya opholile.
• Sebenzisa amanethi omiyane uma ulele.
• Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ngemva kokuba uye endaweni enengozi yeZika, gwema ukulunywa omiyane okungenani amasonto amathathu . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi usengaba negciwane emzimbeni wakho noma ungenazo izimpawu, futhi uma umiyane ukuluma bese uluma omunye umuntu, ungasakaza lesi sifo.

2. Zivikele ngesikhathi socansi:

• Uma wena noma umlingani wakho niye endaweni enengozi ye-Zika, sebenzisa ikhondomu ngendlela efanele njalo uma uya ocansini okungenani izinyanga ezintathu , noma uyeke ucansi ngokuphelele phakathi naleso sikhathi. Lokhu kubalulekile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unezimpawu noma cha.
• Ungabelani ngamathoyizi ocansi nabanye, ngoba nawo angadlulisela i-Zika.

3. Uma ukhulelwe, gwema ukuya ezindaweni lapho iZika ivame khona:

• Lokhu kuyinto okufanele uyenze nakanjani. Gwema uhambo olunjalo ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Uma kufanele uye, yazisa udokotela wakho bese ucela iseluleko sakhe. Hlala uqaphele izimpawu.
• Uma usuvele ukhulelwe futhi kukhona ukuqubuka kweZika endaweni yakini, yenza konke ongakwenza ukuze ugweme omiyane futhi uphephe ngesikhathi socansi.

4. Uma unethemba lokuba nomntwana:

• Uma wena noma umlingani wakho niye endaweni enengozi yeZika futhi sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi nineZika, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhlehlisa ukubeletha isikhashana.
• Iseluleko samanje ukuthi ulinde okungenani izinyanga ezimbili kwabesifazane kanye nezinyanga ezintathu kwabesilisa , kungaba ngemva kokuya endaweni noma ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu, ngaphambi kokuzama ukuba nomntwana futhi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu bese wenza isinqumo.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngithola i-Zika? Ngingakugwema kanjani ukuthelela abanye?

Iningi labantu abathola i-Zika banezimpawu ezincane kuphela futhi balulama ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, ukusiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalalisa igciwane kwabanye, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abakhulelwe, nazi ezinye izinto ongayenza:

• Sebenzisa amakhondomu ngesikhathi socansi noma ugweme ucansi okungenani izinyanga ezingu-2-3 ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu, njengoba igciwane lingahlala lisebenza esidoda kanye noketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane isikhathi eside kunasegazini.
• Gwema ukuchayeka komiyane okungenani amasonto amathathu ngemva kokuba izimpawu ziqalile. Sebenzisa umuthi wokuxosha omiyane bese uvala.

Ingabe i-Zika ingabangela ezinye izinkinga?

Akuvamile kakhulu, abantu ababili kwabayi-10,000 abathola i-Zika bangaba nesifo sokuzivikela komzimba esibizwa ngokuthi ``Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).`` Yilapho amasosha omzimba ethu ehlasela khona izinzwa zethu. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezifana nokulahlekelwa ukwazi nokukhubazeka. Kodwa abantu abaningi bayalulama phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

• Uma uke waya endaweni enobungozi bokutheleleka yiZika futhi unezimpawu zeZika.
• Uma ukhulelwe futhi unenkinga noma ukwesaba ngeZika, noma uke wavezwa endaweni eyingozi.
• Uma uba nezimpawu ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwe-Zika endaweni yakini.

Esimweni esinjalo, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha nakanjani.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma uya kudokotela, ungase ubuze imibuzo efana nale:

• "Yiziphi izivivinyo engingazithatha ukuze ngithole ukuthi ngineZika?"
• "Ngikhulelwe/ngilindele ukuba nomntwana. Ngingazivikela kanjani kuZika?"
• "Ngingayivimbela kanjani iZika ukuthi ingasabalali kwabanye?"
• "Kufanele ngizithibe isikhathi esingakanani ocansini, noma kufanele ngisebenzise ikhondomu?"
• "Yini okufanele ngiyiqaphele kakhulu lapho ngiya endaweni enobungozi beZika?"
• "Yisiphi isikhathi esiphephile kakhulu sokuba mina/thina sizame ukuba nomntwana?"

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngokwalokho esikuxoxile, ngithemba ukuthi unombono omuhle nge-Zika. Ngamafuphi:

• Igciwane le-Zika ngokuvamile aliyona inkinga enkulu kubantu abadala nasezinganeni. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhulelwe, lingaba yingozi kakhulu. Ngoba lingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni kobuchopho bomntwana esibelethweni futhi lingabangela ezinye izinkinga zokuzalwa.
• Ngenhlanhla, akubona bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe abathola iZika abazoba nezinkinga ngomntwana wabo. Kodwa ingozi ikhona. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwenza konke ongakwenza ukuze uzivikele kuZika. Ikakhulukazi ngokuzivikela komiyane kanye nokwenza ucansi oluphephile.
• Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukuba nomntwana, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngeZika. Bazokunikeza iseluleko esifanele kanye nokusekelwa okudingayo.

Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

I- Zika, omiyane, ukukhulelwa, ingane, ubuchopho, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa