Za mu yi magana ne kawai game da cerebral cortex, mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren kwakwalwa?

Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin yadda kwakwalwarmu ke aiki da ban mamaki? Wannan ƙaramin gabobi yana da alhakin duk abin da muke tunani, tunawa, magana, da ji. Don haka a yau za mu yi magana game da wani muhimmin ɓangare na kwakwalwa. Wannan shine ɓangaren da ake kira cerebral cortex . Kada ku ji tsoro idan sunan ya yi kama da ɗan kimiyya. Za mu bayyana wannan ta hanya mai sauƙi, ta hanyar da za ku iya fahimta. Kamar magana da aboki.

Menene Cerebral Cortex?

A taƙaice dai, ɓangaren kwakwalwa shine murfin waje ko "bawon" na kwakwalwarmu . Yana kama da bawon lemu, ko bawon itace, kuma yana kewaye da kwakwalwa. Wataƙila ka ji an kira shi " bawon launin toka " wani lokacin. Dalilin haka shine wannan ɓangaren ya ƙunshi galibin jikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi . Idan aka haɗa su wuri ɗaya, suna kama da launin toka. Shi ya sa ake kiransa "bawon launin toka."

Ka sani, wannan kwakwalwa ta kwakwalwa ba ta da santsi. Tana da lanƙwasa sosai kuma tana miƙewa . Kamar ganye ne da aka matse aka jefar da shi. Shin ka san dalilin da ya sa take lanƙwasa haka? Idan ta yi lanƙwasa haka, tana iya haɗa wurare da yawa a cikin ƙaramin sarari. Wato, wannan yanayin lanƙwasa yana taimakawa wajen samar da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da yawa da haɗin kai a cikin ƙaramin sarari a cikin kwakwalwarmu. Wannan "bawon" ba shi da girma sosai, kauri ne kawai na milimita kaɗan. Amma aikin da yake yi abin mamaki ne!

Ka tuna yadda ake furta wannan: "ce-re-bral cor-tex".

Menene babban ɓangaren wannan ƙaramin "harsashi"?

Ka yi tunanin, za ka yi mamaki idan ka ji cewa kwakwalwar kwakwalwa tana sarrafa duk abin da kake yi a tsawon yini. Kamar Shugaba ne na kwakwalwarmu . Wannan ɓangaren yana da alhakin mafi girman matakin aikin kwakwalwa, wanda ke nufin tunani, koyo, tunawa, amfani da harshe, yanke shawara, da kuma magance matsaloli.

Bari mu ga wasu daga cikin manyan ayyukan da wannan ke yi:

Tunani da yanke shawara

Abubuwa nawa muke tunani a kansu kuma muke yanke shawara kowace rana? Tun daga yanke shawarar abin da za mu sa da safe zuwa yanke manyan shawarwari a rayuwa, kwakwalwar kwakwalwa tana taimakawa da duk waɗannan.Wannan ya haɗa da abubuwa kamar tsarawa, tunani daga kusurwoyi daban-daban don magance matsala, da kuma yin hukunci.

Ka yi tunanin, idan ka je shago don siyan wani abu, ka duba kowace alama, ka kwatanta farashi, sannan ka zaɓi mafi kyau. A irin wannan lokacin, kwakwalwarka tana taimaka maka.

Harshe da sadarwa

Kwakwalwar kwakwalwa (cerebral cortex) tana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen fahimtar yaren da muke amfani da shi wajen sadarwa da wasu, don magana, rubutu, da karatu . Yanzu za ku iya karantawa da fahimtar wannan labarin, kuma za ku iya fahimta da kuma mayar da martani ga abin da aboki ya faɗa a waya ta hanyar taimakon wannan sashe.

Ƙwaƙwalwa da koyo

Kwakwalwar kwakwalwa tana aiki ne lokacin da muka koyi wani sabon abu, lokacin da muka tuna da shi, da kuma lokacin da muka tuna da tsoffin abubuwan da muka tuna. Wannan shine ɓangaren da ke adana sabbin bayanai kuma yana dawo da su lokacin da ake buƙata . Wannan shine ɓangaren da ke taimaka mana mu tuna abin da muka karanta a makaranta da kuma koyon igiyoyin sabon aiki.

Fahimtar abubuwan da ke ji

Kwakwalwar kwakwalwa tana nazari da fahimtar bayanai da muke samu daga gaɓoɓinmu guda biyar - idanu, kunnuwa, hanci, harshe, da fata - (gani, sauti, ƙamshi, ɗanɗani, da taɓawa ). Wannan shine ɓangaren da ke ba ku damar gane launi da siffar fure mai kyau, ko kuma ku ɗanɗani abinci mai daɗi.

Sarrafa motsi

Motsin da muke yi da gangan, kamar motsa gaɓoɓinmu, tafiya, rubutu, da kuma buga ƙwallo , ana sarrafa su ta hanyar takamaiman sassan kwakwalwa.

Hankali da sani

Wannan kwakwalwa ta kwakwalwa tana da hannu a cikin abubuwa kamar ci gaba da mai da hankali kan wani abu, sanin ko wanene mu, inda muke, da kuma abin da ke faruwa a kusa da mu (sani) .

Shin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa ta rabu zuwa sassa?

Eh, kwakwalwar kwakwalwa ba iri ɗaya ba ce. An raba ta zuwa manyan sassa huɗu, ko kuma lobes . Kamar yadda akwai ɗakuna daban-daban a cikin gida, kowanne daga cikin waɗannan sassan yana da nasa takamaiman ayyuka. Amma waɗannan sassan ba sa aiki su kaɗai, suna aiki tare, a matsayin ƙungiya.

Bari mu ga menene waɗannan sassa huɗu da kuma abin da suka ƙunsa:

1. Lobe na Gaba

Wannan shine yankin da ke gaban kanmu , a ƙasa da goshinmu . Wannan shine mafi girman yanki na kwakwalwa.

• Manyan ayyuka: tsarawa , yanke shawara, warware matsaloli, magana (yankin Broca), sarrafa halayenmu, halayenmu, da motsin zuciyarmu , fara motsin rai (wani ɓangare na cortex na motsi yana nan).
• Misali mai sauƙi: Kana tsara tsarin karatu don jarrabawa, fara sabon aiki, jayayya da aboki da kuma bayyana ra'ayinka - duk waɗannan abubuwa goshi ne ke taimaka musu. Hakanan yana tasiri sosai ga halayenmu da kuma yadda muke nuna hali a cikin al'umma .

2. Lobe na wucin gadi

Wannan ɓangaren yana a kowane gefen kai , kusa da kunnen kunne .

• Manyan ayyuka: ji, fahimtar harshe (yankin Wernicke), ƙwaƙwalwa, gane fuskoki, sarrafa wasu motsin rai.
• Misali mai sauƙi: Idan ka saurari waƙa kuma ka ji daɗinta, idan ka saurari wani yana magana kuma ka fahimce ta, idan ka gane tsohon aboki da zarar ka gan ta, wannan shine ɓangaren concha da ke aiki.

3. Lobe na Parietal

Wannan yana bayan goshi, a saman kai da kuma bayan kai .

• Manyan ayyuka: Sarrafa abubuwan da ke ji kamar taɓawa, zafin jiki, zafi, da matsi. Haka kuma, sanin sararin samaniya - wato, fahimtar inda kake da kuma inda sassan jikinka suke. Hakanan yana da alaƙa da ƙwarewar karatu da lissafi.
• Misali mai sauƙi: Ka san inda hannunka yake ko da a cikin duhu ne, ko kuma ka san yadda kake buƙatar riƙe kofi. Sashen gefe yana taimakawa da abubuwa kamar haka.

4. Lobe na Occipital

Wannan shine ɓangaren da ke bayan kai .

• Manyan ayyuka: Ainihin sarrafa bayanai na gani - wato, fahimtar abin da muke gani da idanunmu (launuka, siffofi, motsi).
• Misali mai sauƙi: Idan ka kalli wani kyakkyawan yanayi, ka karanta littafi, ko ka kalli talabijin, fossa na baya shine abin da ke taimaka wa kwakwalwa ta fassara abin da kake gani.

Waɗannan sassa huɗu suna aiki tare don taimaka mana mu shawo kan rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun cikin nasara. Ba za mu iya rayuwa ba tare da ɗaya daga cikinsu ba!

Me zai faru idan kwakwalwar kwakwalwa ta lalace?

Idan kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, wacce ke yin irin wannan muhimmin aiki, ta lalace ta kowace hanya, tana iya haifar da matsaloli iri-iri. Matsalolin da ke tasowa sun dogara ne akan wanne bangare nata ya lalace da kuma girmansa.

Misali:

• Idan gaban goshin mutum ya lalace, halayensa na iya canzawa, yana iya samun matsala wajen yanke shawara, yana iya rashin iya sarrafa motsin zuciyarsa, kuma yana iya rashin iya tsara yadda zai yi.
• Idan lobe na temporal ya lalace, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na iya lalacewa, koyon sabbin abubuwa na iya zama da wahala, kuma fahimtar harshe na iya zama da wahala.
• Idan yankin parietal ya lalace, za a iya samun raguwar damar jin ji kamar taɓawa da ciwo, ruɗani a yanayin sarari (misali, ruɗani tsakanin dama da hagu), da wahalar karatu da rubutu.
• Idan yankin occipital ya lalace, rashin gani, har ma da makanta na iya faruwa.

Akwai dalilai da yawa da ka iya haifar da wannan nau'in lalacewa. Abubuwa kamar bugun jini, raunin kai, kamuwa da cuta a kwakwalwa, da kuma ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa na iya lalata kwakwalwa.

Amma akwai kuma wannan abu, kwakwalwarmu tana da wani adadin "roba." Wato, idan akwai lalacewa, wasu sassan kwakwalwa na iya ɗaukar wasu daga cikin ayyukan ɓangaren da ya lalace. Wannan ikon yana da ƙarfi musamman a lokacin ƙuruciya. Duk da haka, idan akwai babban lalacewa, tasirin na iya zama na dindindin.

Saboda haka, idan kai ko wani da ka sani yana da shakku ko canje-canje a aikin kwakwalwa, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a nemi shawarar likita.

Ta yaya za mu kare wannan "kwanƙolin" mai tamani na kwakwalwarmu?

Muna buƙatar kula da kwakwalwarmu sosai, wanda yake da matuƙar muhimmanci kuma yana shafar komai a rayuwarmu. Akwai wasu abubuwa masu sauƙi da za mu iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar kwakwalwarmu:

• Daidaitaccen abinci: Cin abinci mai gina jiki mai wadataccen bitamin da ma'adanai (kamar kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, wake, goro, da kifi) yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga kwakwalwa.
• Motsa jiki akai-akai: Motsa jiki yana inganta kwararar jini zuwa kwakwalwa, wanda ke samar da iskar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki ga ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa.
• Samun isasshen barci: Kwakwalwa tana gyara kanta kuma tana adana abubuwan tunawa lokacin da muke barci. Saboda haka, barci mai kyau na awanni 7-8 yana da mahimmanci.
• Ka kasance mai himma a tunani: Yana da kyau ka shiga cikin abubuwan da ke ƙalubalantar kwakwalwarka. Misali, koyon wani sabon abu, karanta littattafai, warware wasanin gwada ilimi, ko koyon sabon harshe.
• A guji shan taba da shan barasa mai yawa: Waɗannan suna lalata ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa.
• Gudanar da damuwa: Damuwa mai yawa ba ta da kyau ga kwakwalwa. Abubuwa kamar tunani da yoga na iya taimakawa wajen rage damuwa.
• Kare kanka daga raunin kai: Sanya kwalkwali yayin hawa babur ko yin wasu wasanni na iya taimakawa wajen kare ka daga raunin kai.

Ta hanyar bin waɗannan abubuwan, ba kawai za mu iya kiyaye lafiyar kwakwalwarmu ba, har ma da lafiyar kwakwalwarmu gaba ɗaya.

Saƙon Ɗauka Gida

To, ga abubuwan da ya kamata ku tuna daga abin da muka tattauna a yau:

• Kwakwalwar kwakwalwa ita ce mafi girman sashin kwakwalwarmu wanda ke yin ayyuka da yawa na gaba kamar tunani, tunawa, da koyo. Ana kuma kiranta da "abu mai launin toka."
• An raba shi zuwa lobes huɗu.An raba shi zuwa: Gaba, Zamani, Parietal, da Occipital. Kowannensu yana da takamaiman aiki.
• Wannan yana da alaƙa da kusan komai, har da tunaninmu, harshenmu, ƙwaƙwalwarmu, abubuwan da muke ji, da motsinmu .
• Lalacewar da aka yi wa kwakwalwa na iya haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani, don haka yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a kare shi.
• Bin salon rayuwa mai kyau (abinci mai kyau, motsa jiki, barci, motsa jiki na kwakwalwa) na iya kare lafiyar kwakwalwarmu.
• Idan kana da ɗan shakku game da aikin kwakwalwarka, kada ka yi jinkirin ganin likita.

Don haka, ina fatan kun koyi wani abu mai sauƙi kuma bayyananne game da wannan ɓangaren jikinmu mai ban mamaki da ake kira Cerebral Cortex. Sanin waɗannan abubuwan ban mamaki a jikinmu zai taimaka mana sosai wajen kare su!

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