Skip to main content

Tshuaj St. John's Wort rau Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Lub Hlwb? Cia Peb Tham Txog Nws (St. John's Wort)

Tshuaj St. John's Wort rau Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Lub Hlwb? Cia Peb Tham Txog Nws (St. John's Wort)

Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov ​​​​tias muaj ntau yam tshuaj ntsuab kho rau tej yam xws li kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab. Qee zaum koj hnov ​​​​txog cov no los ntawm ib tug phooj ywg lossis hauv internet. Ib qho tshuaj ntsuab ntxiv uas ntau tus neeg tham txog yog St. John's Wort. Yog li hnub no, cia peb tham txog nws, raws nraim, yam tsis zais dab tsi. Puas yog nws zoo tiag tiag? Puas yog nws txaus ntshai? Leej twg yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov no? Tag nrho koj cov lus nug yuav raug teb hauv tsab xov xwm no.

St. John's Wort yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, St. John's Wort yog ib tsob nroj zoo li tsob ntoo me me uas muaj paj daj. Nws lub npe scientific yog '(Hypericum perforatum)'. Keeb kwm ntawm nws lub npe yog qhov nthuav heev. Nws tau txais nws lub npe vim nws tawg paj thaum lub Rau Hli 24, hnub yug ntawm Saint John the Baptist. "Wort" yog ib lo lus Askiv qub rau ib tsob nroj. Yog li, tau ntau txhiab xyoo, tib neeg tau siv cov paj thiab nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag no rau ntau yam kev kho mob.

Nws yog ib qho tshuaj kho mob rau kev nyuaj siab . Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov uas peb yuav tsum ceev faj heev. Ua cov kws kho mob , peb tsis pom zoo kom siv St. John's Wort. Muaj ntau yam laj thawj rau qhov no:

  • Tsis muaj pov thawj tseeb txog qhov tshwm sim: Qee cov kev tshawb fawb qub tau qhia tias nws zoo rau kev nyuaj siab me ntsis. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb tshiab dua, txhim khu kev qha dua tau pom tias nws tsis pab kev nyuaj siab nruab nrab mus rau hnyav. Ntawd yog, nws zoo li noj placebo .
  • Ntau yam khoom muag hauv khw: Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv tshuaj St. John's Wort uas ib lub tuam txhab ua tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm ib lub tuam txhab ua, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kom tau txais cov tshuaj kom raug.
  • Tsis muaj kev tswj hwm kom zoo: Cov tshuaj ntsuab zoo li cov no tsis raug tswj hwm nruj npaum li cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj, yog li peb tsis tuaj yeem paub tseeb 100% txog lawv qhov zoo, kev huv si, thiab kev nyab xeeb.
  • Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txaus ntshai nrog lwm cov tshuaj: Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab txaus ntshai tshaj plawsSt. John's Wort tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ntau lwm yam tshuaj uas koj noj, ua rau lawv txo qis lawv cov txiaj ntsig lossis ua rau muaj kev phiv txaus ntshai.

Nco ntsoov tias, kev nyuaj siab tsis yog ib qho kev ua si, nws yog ib qho mob hnyav. Tsis txhob sim kho koj tus kheej raws li koj xav. Yog tias koj lossis ib tus neeg koj paub muaj cov tsos mob no, mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd kom tau txais kev qhia.

St. John's Wort siv ua dab tsi tiag?

Raws li kev tshawb fawb, tsis muaj pov thawj tseeb tias St. John's Wort muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cas. Txawm li cas los xij, tib neeg siv nws rau ntau yam.

Nws siv tseem ceeb yog los txo cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab me me mus rau nruab nrab . Txawm li cas los xij, raws li peb tau hais ua ntej, cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab tsis tau lees paub nws qhov ua tau zoo. Nws tau ua pov thawj meej meej tias nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kho mob kev nyuaj siab hnyav.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, muaj ntau lwm yam kev siv rau cov no, tab sis tseem tsis tau muaj pov thawj txaus txog kev tshawb fawb txog cov no.

  • Cov tsos mob ntawm kev hloov cev: Tej yam zoo li kub hnyiab .
  • Kev pw tsaug zog tsis taus: Los ntawm kev siv ua ntej yuav mus pw.
  • Kho qhov txhab : Los ntawm kev siv rau ntawm qhov txhab zoo li tshuaj pleev.
  • Mob Neuralgia: Siv roj St. John's Wort rau thaj chaw uas mob.

Cov kev phiv thiab kev pheej hmoo txaus ntshai yog dab tsi?

Muaj ntau yam kev phiv uas yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv St. John's Wort. Qee qhov tsis hnyav heev, thaum lwm qhov tuaj yeem hnyav dua.

Cov kev mob tshwm sim tseem ceeb ntawm St. John's Wort
Kev rhiab heev rau lub hnub ci (Photosensitivity) Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim tseem ceeb. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj muaj daim tawv nqaij dawb, koj daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem kub hnyiab, liab, thiab ua pob yooj yim thaum raug tshav ntuj.
Teeb meem ntawm lub plab zom mov Tej yam xws li mob plab, xeev siab, thiab o.
Lwm yam kab mob uas tshwm sim ntau Khaus, tsis meej pem hauv siab, qaug zog, qhov ncauj qhuav, tso zis ntau zaus, o, ua tsis taus kev sib deev, ntshav siab ntxiv, thiab lub plawv dhia ceev.

Qhov no puas yuav ua rau koj hnyav dua?

Tsis yog. Tsis muaj pov thawj qhia tias St. John's Wort ua rau hnyav nce ncaj qha. Yog tias ib tug neeg uas tau poob phaus vim muaj kev nyuaj siab thiab tsis xav noj mov, tau txais kev pab los ntawm qhov no, lawv yuav rov qab xav noj mov thiab nce phaus. Dua li ntawm qhov ntawd, cov tshuaj no tsis ua rau hnyav nce ncaj qha.

Leej twg tsis yog tus neeg zoo tshaj plaws los siv qhov no?

Rau qee tus neeg, kev siv St. John's Wort tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij heev. Yog tias koj yog ib pawg ntawm cov pab pawg no, tsis txhob siv nws txawm tias muaj xwm txheej twg los xij .

Pawg Vim li cas
Cov niam cev xeeb tub Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub tsev menyuam ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev poob menyuam. Nws kuj tau pom tias ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev yug los hauv kev tshawb fawb txog tsiaj.
Cov niam uas pub niam misYog koj pub niam mis rau koj tus menyuam thaum siv qhov no, tus menyuam yuav chim siab, mob plab, thiab tsaug zog ntau dhau.
Cov neeg noj lwm yam tshuaj Nws cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam tshuaj, yog li siv nws nrog cov tshuaj uas koj noj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij.
Cov neeg npaj rau kev phais Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj qhov no tsawg kawg yog 5 hnub ua ntej phais. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phiv nrog cov tshuaj loog thiab ua rau muaj mob txaus ntshai.

Kev pheej hmoo loj tshaj plaws: Teeb meem nrog lwm cov tshuaj

Qhov no yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws uas peb txhua tus yuav tsum paub txog. St. John's Wort tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm ntau lwm yam tshuaj uas koj noj, lossis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog lawv los tsim kom muaj mob uas yuav ua rau tuag taus .

Nco ntsoov, tsuas yog vim nws yog tshuaj ntsuab xwb tsis tau txhais hais tias nws muaj kev nyab xeeb 100%. Qee zaum, cov no tuaj yeem txaus ntshai dua li cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj.

Nws yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau kev noj St. John's Wort yog tias koj tab tom noj tshuaj uas tus kws kho mob tau sau rau kev nyuaj siab lossis lwm yam kab mob hlwb. Serotonin yog ib yam tshuaj hauv lub hlwb uas tswj peb txoj kev xav. Cov tshuaj rau kev nyuaj siab, xws li cov tshuaj selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), ua haujlwm los ntawm kev nce qib ntawm cov serotonin no hauv lub hlwb.

St. John's Wort kuj cuam tshuam rau cov theem serotonin. Yog li, yog tias koj noj ob qho no ua ke, cov theem serotonin hauv lub hlwb tuaj yeem nce ntau dhau, ua rau muaj mob hnyav hu ua serotonin syndrome .

Cov tsos mob ntawm Serotonin Syndrome:

  • Lub plawv dhia ceev
  • Ntshav siab
  • Kub lub cev nce ntxiv (ua npaws)
  • Pom tej yam uas tsis pom (Hallucinations)
  • Tawm hws ntau heev

Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob no, koj yuav tsum mus rau chav kho mob ceev (ETU) ntawm tsev kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Ntxiv rau SSRIs, St. John's Wort cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam tshuaj , suav nrog cov tshuaj tswj kev yug menyuam, tshuaj kho mob plawv, kev kho mob HIV, thiab tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav. Yog li ntawd , tsis txhob siv nws yam tsis tau sab laj nrog kws kho mob rau txhua qhov laj thawj.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

  • St. John's Wort yog ib yam tshuaj ntsuab uas tau xav ntev los lawm tias muaj qee yam txiaj ntsig rau kev nyuaj siab me ntsis, tab sis tsis tau muaj pov thawj tias yog kev kho mob zoo rau kev nyuaj siab nruab nrab lossis hnyav.
  • "Tshuaj ntsuab" los yog "ntuj tsim" tsis tau txhais hais tias "muaj kev nyab xeeb." Muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim loj heev thiab kev sib cuam tshuam tshuaj txaus ntshai heev.
  • St. John's Wort muaj peev xwm tshem tawm lossis hloov pauv qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lwm yam tshuaj uas koj noj.
  • Kev nyuaj siab yog ib qho mob hnyav heev. Tsis txhob sim kho nws ntawm koj tus kheej.
  • Yog tias koj xav txog kev noj St. John's Wort lossis lwm yam tshuaj ntxiv, nco ntsoov nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham ua ntej ua li ntawd. Tsis muaj dab tsi tseem ceeb dua koj txoj kev nyab xeeb.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Qhov no puas yuav ua rau koj hnyav dua?

Tsis yog. Tsis muaj pov thawj qhia tias St. John's Wort ua rau hnyav nce ncaj qha. Yog tias ib tug neeg uas tau poob phaus vim muaj kev nyuaj siab thiab tsis xav noj mov, tau txais kev pab los ntawm qhov no, lawv yuav rov qab xav noj mov thiab nce phaus. Dua li ntawm qhov ntawd, cov tshuaj no tsis ua rau hnyav nce ncaj qha.

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

Thov xam: 6 + 5 =
Tshuaj St. John's Wort rau Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Lub Hlwb? Cia Peb Tham Txog Nws (St. John's Wort)

Tshuaj St. John's Wort rau Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Lub Hlwb? Cia Peb Tham Txog Nws (St. John's Wort)

Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov ​​​​tias muaj ntau yam tshuaj ntsuab kho rau tej yam xws li kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab. Qee zaum koj hnov ​​​​txog cov no los ntawm ib tug phooj ywg lossis hauv internet. Ib qho tshuaj ntsuab ntxiv uas ntau tus neeg tham txog yog St. John's Wort. Yog li hnub no, cia peb tham txog nws, raws nraim, yam tsis zais dab tsi. Puas yog nws zoo tiag tiag? Puas yog nws txaus ntshai? Leej twg yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov no? Tag nrho koj cov lus nug yuav raug teb hauv tsab xov xwm no.

St. John's Wort yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, St. John's Wort yog ib tsob nroj zoo li tsob ntoo me me uas muaj paj daj. Nws lub npe scientific yog '(Hypericum perforatum)'. Keeb kwm ntawm nws lub npe yog qhov nthuav heev. Nws tau txais nws lub npe vim nws tawg paj thaum lub Rau Hli 24, hnub yug ntawm Saint John the Baptist. "Wort" yog ib lo lus Askiv qub rau ib tsob nroj. Yog li, tau ntau txhiab xyoo, tib neeg tau siv cov paj thiab nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag no rau ntau yam kev kho mob.

Nws yog ib qho tshuaj kho mob rau kev nyuaj siab . Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov uas peb yuav tsum ceev faj heev. Ua cov kws kho mob , peb tsis pom zoo kom siv St. John's Wort. Muaj ntau yam laj thawj rau qhov no:

  • Tsis muaj pov thawj tseeb txog qhov tshwm sim: Qee cov kev tshawb fawb qub tau qhia tias nws zoo rau kev nyuaj siab me ntsis. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb tshiab dua, txhim khu kev qha dua tau pom tias nws tsis pab kev nyuaj siab nruab nrab mus rau hnyav. Ntawd yog, nws zoo li noj placebo .
  • Ntau yam khoom muag hauv khw: Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv tshuaj St. John's Wort uas ib lub tuam txhab ua tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm ib lub tuam txhab ua, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kom tau txais cov tshuaj kom raug.
  • Tsis muaj kev tswj hwm kom zoo: Cov tshuaj ntsuab zoo li cov no tsis raug tswj hwm nruj npaum li cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj, yog li peb tsis tuaj yeem paub tseeb 100% txog lawv qhov zoo, kev huv si, thiab kev nyab xeeb.
  • Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txaus ntshai nrog lwm cov tshuaj: Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab txaus ntshai tshaj plawsSt. John's Wort tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ntau lwm yam tshuaj uas koj noj, ua rau lawv txo qis lawv cov txiaj ntsig lossis ua rau muaj kev phiv txaus ntshai.

Nco ntsoov tias, kev nyuaj siab tsis yog ib qho kev ua si, nws yog ib qho mob hnyav. Tsis txhob sim kho koj tus kheej raws li koj xav. Yog tias koj lossis ib tus neeg koj paub muaj cov tsos mob no, mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd kom tau txais kev qhia.

St. John's Wort siv ua dab tsi tiag?

Raws li kev tshawb fawb, tsis muaj pov thawj tseeb tias St. John's Wort muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cas. Txawm li cas los xij, tib neeg siv nws rau ntau yam.

Nws siv tseem ceeb yog los txo cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab me me mus rau nruab nrab . Txawm li cas los xij, raws li peb tau hais ua ntej, cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab tsis tau lees paub nws qhov ua tau zoo. Nws tau ua pov thawj meej meej tias nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kho mob kev nyuaj siab hnyav.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, muaj ntau lwm yam kev siv rau cov no, tab sis tseem tsis tau muaj pov thawj txaus txog kev tshawb fawb txog cov no.

  • Cov tsos mob ntawm kev hloov cev: Tej yam zoo li kub hnyiab .
  • Kev pw tsaug zog tsis taus: Los ntawm kev siv ua ntej yuav mus pw.
  • Kho qhov txhab : Los ntawm kev siv rau ntawm qhov txhab zoo li tshuaj pleev.
  • Mob Neuralgia: Siv roj St. John's Wort rau thaj chaw uas mob.

Cov kev phiv thiab kev pheej hmoo txaus ntshai yog dab tsi?

Muaj ntau yam kev phiv uas yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv St. John's Wort. Qee qhov tsis hnyav heev, thaum lwm qhov tuaj yeem hnyav dua.

Cov kev mob tshwm sim tseem ceeb ntawm St. John's Wort
Kev rhiab heev rau lub hnub ci (Photosensitivity) Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim tseem ceeb. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj muaj daim tawv nqaij dawb, koj daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem kub hnyiab, liab, thiab ua pob yooj yim thaum raug tshav ntuj.
Teeb meem ntawm lub plab zom mov Tej yam xws li mob plab, xeev siab, thiab o.
Lwm yam kab mob uas tshwm sim ntau Khaus, tsis meej pem hauv siab, qaug zog, qhov ncauj qhuav, tso zis ntau zaus, o, ua tsis taus kev sib deev, ntshav siab ntxiv, thiab lub plawv dhia ceev.

Qhov no puas yuav ua rau koj hnyav dua?

Tsis yog. Tsis muaj pov thawj qhia tias St. John's Wort ua rau hnyav nce ncaj qha. Yog tias ib tug neeg uas tau poob phaus vim muaj kev nyuaj siab thiab tsis xav noj mov, tau txais kev pab los ntawm qhov no, lawv yuav rov qab xav noj mov thiab nce phaus. Dua li ntawm qhov ntawd, cov tshuaj no tsis ua rau hnyav nce ncaj qha.

Leej twg tsis yog tus neeg zoo tshaj plaws los siv qhov no?

Rau qee tus neeg, kev siv St. John's Wort tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij heev. Yog tias koj yog ib pawg ntawm cov pab pawg no, tsis txhob siv nws txawm tias muaj xwm txheej twg los xij .

Pawg Vim li cas
Cov niam cev xeeb tub Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub tsev menyuam ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev poob menyuam. Nws kuj tau pom tias ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev yug los hauv kev tshawb fawb txog tsiaj.
Cov niam uas pub niam misYog koj pub niam mis rau koj tus menyuam thaum siv qhov no, tus menyuam yuav chim siab, mob plab, thiab tsaug zog ntau dhau.
Cov neeg noj lwm yam tshuaj Nws cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam tshuaj, yog li siv nws nrog cov tshuaj uas koj noj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij.
Cov neeg npaj rau kev phais Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj qhov no tsawg kawg yog 5 hnub ua ntej phais. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phiv nrog cov tshuaj loog thiab ua rau muaj mob txaus ntshai.

Kev pheej hmoo loj tshaj plaws: Teeb meem nrog lwm cov tshuaj

Qhov no yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws uas peb txhua tus yuav tsum paub txog. St. John's Wort tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm ntau lwm yam tshuaj uas koj noj, lossis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog lawv los tsim kom muaj mob uas yuav ua rau tuag taus .

Nco ntsoov, tsuas yog vim nws yog tshuaj ntsuab xwb tsis tau txhais hais tias nws muaj kev nyab xeeb 100%. Qee zaum, cov no tuaj yeem txaus ntshai dua li cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj.

Nws yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau kev noj St. John's Wort yog tias koj tab tom noj tshuaj uas tus kws kho mob tau sau rau kev nyuaj siab lossis lwm yam kab mob hlwb. Serotonin yog ib yam tshuaj hauv lub hlwb uas tswj peb txoj kev xav. Cov tshuaj rau kev nyuaj siab, xws li cov tshuaj selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), ua haujlwm los ntawm kev nce qib ntawm cov serotonin no hauv lub hlwb.

St. John's Wort kuj cuam tshuam rau cov theem serotonin. Yog li, yog tias koj noj ob qho no ua ke, cov theem serotonin hauv lub hlwb tuaj yeem nce ntau dhau, ua rau muaj mob hnyav hu ua serotonin syndrome .

Cov tsos mob ntawm Serotonin Syndrome:

  • Lub plawv dhia ceev
  • Ntshav siab
  • Kub lub cev nce ntxiv (ua npaws)
  • Pom tej yam uas tsis pom (Hallucinations)
  • Tawm hws ntau heev

Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob no, koj yuav tsum mus rau chav kho mob ceev (ETU) ntawm tsev kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Ntxiv rau SSRIs, St. John's Wort cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam tshuaj , suav nrog cov tshuaj tswj kev yug menyuam, tshuaj kho mob plawv, kev kho mob HIV, thiab tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav. Yog li ntawd , tsis txhob siv nws yam tsis tau sab laj nrog kws kho mob rau txhua qhov laj thawj.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

  • St. John's Wort yog ib yam tshuaj ntsuab uas tau xav ntev los lawm tias muaj qee yam txiaj ntsig rau kev nyuaj siab me ntsis, tab sis tsis tau muaj pov thawj tias yog kev kho mob zoo rau kev nyuaj siab nruab nrab lossis hnyav.
  • "Tshuaj ntsuab" los yog "ntuj tsim" tsis tau txhais hais tias "muaj kev nyab xeeb." Muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim loj heev thiab kev sib cuam tshuam tshuaj txaus ntshai heev.
  • St. John's Wort muaj peev xwm tshem tawm lossis hloov pauv qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lwm yam tshuaj uas koj noj.
  • Kev nyuaj siab yog ib qho mob hnyav heev. Tsis txhob sim kho nws ntawm koj tus kheej.
  • Yog tias koj xav txog kev noj St. John's Wort lossis lwm yam tshuaj ntxiv, nco ntsoov nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham ua ntej ua li ntawd. Tsis muaj dab tsi tseem ceeb dua koj txoj kev nyab xeeb.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Qhov no puas yuav ua rau koj hnyav dua?

Tsis yog. Tsis muaj pov thawj qhia tias St. John's Wort ua rau hnyav nce ncaj qha. Yog tias ib tug neeg uas tau poob phaus vim muaj kev nyuaj siab thiab tsis xav noj mov, tau txais kev pab los ntawm qhov no, lawv yuav rov qab xav noj mov thiab nce phaus. Dua li ntawm qhov ntawd, cov tshuaj no tsis ua rau hnyav nce ncaj qha.

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

Thov xam: 6 + 5 =