Kua mutu kē koe ki te whakaaro ki te mīharo me te uaua o te mahi manawa? Kāore koe e mōhio, neke atu i te 20,000 ngā wā e tupu ana i te rā. Ahakoa kei te moe koe, kei te mahi, kei te tākaro rānei, ko ō Pūkahukahu te toa tūturu e mahi ana i muri i ngā whakaaturanga hei whakarato i te hāora e hiahiatia ana e tō tinana me te tango atu i ngā hau para. I tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou mō ēnei whekau nui e whai tikanga ana ki tō oranga i Nirogi Lanka.
He aha ō pūkahukahu, ā, kei hea rātou e noho ana?
Ki te kī ngāwari, ko ō pūkahukahu ngā okana matua o tō pūnaha manawa — te whatunga o ngā okana e kawenga ana mō te manawa. E rua ō pūkahukahu, kei roto i te kōhao o tō uma, e piri haumaru ana i waenganui i tō kaki me tō puku.
Kāore ō pūkahukahu e rua i te ōrite; he iti noa ngā rerekētanga ahurei.
Pūkahukahu Matau
E toru ngā wāhanga o tō pūkahukahu matau, e kiia nei ko ngā 'lobes'. He poto ake engari he whānui ake i te pūkahukahu maui. E tiakina ana ngā pūkahukahu e rua e te kiriuhi angiangi e kiia nei ko te 'pleural tissue'.
Pūkahukahu Mauī
E rua noa ngā pūkahukahu o tō pūkahukahu maui, ā, he paku iti ake. Nā te mea me wātea he wāhi mō tō ngākau . He kōhao iti kei roto i te pūkahukahu maui hei whakauru i te ngākau, e kiia nei e tātou ko te 'cardiac notch'.
He aha te mahi a ōu pukahukahu?
Ko te mahi matua a ō pūkahukahu he whakarato i te hāora e hiahiatia ana e ō pūtau hei oranga mō rātou, me te tango atu i te hauhā waro , he para e hangaia ana e ō pūtau. E 12 ki te 20 ngā wā ka puta ai tēnei tukanga i ia meneti.
Whakaarohia te mea ka tupu ina manawa koe:
1. I a koe e manawa ana mā tō ihu, mā tō waha rānei, ka haere te hau i tua atu i tō korokoro , mā tō pouaka reo (larynx), ka tomo ki tō pūhā matua, te trachea .
2. Kātahi ka wehea te trachea kia rua ngā peka e kiia nei ko ngā 'ngā ngongo pūkahukahu,' kotahi e anga atu ana ki ia pukahukahu.
3. I roto i ō pūkahukahu, ka peka atu ēnei ngongo ki ngā ara iti ake e kiia nei ko ngā 'bronchi' me ētahi atu ara iti ake e mōhiotia nei ko ngā 'bronchioles'.
4. Hei whakamutunga, ka hono atu ēnei ngongo ririki ki ngā pēke hau iti e rite ana ki ngā tautau karepe, e kiia nei ko ngā 'alveoli'. Koinei ngā pūngao tūturu o ō pūkahukahu. Mā roto i ēnei pēke ka whakawhitia te hāora e manawahia ana e koe ki roto i ō toto.
Kia mimiti te toto i te hāora, ka puta mai i ngā pukahukahu ka anga atu ki te ngākau, e pupuhi ana i tēnei toto whai hāora puta noa i te tinana, hei whāngai i ia pūtau me ia kiko.
Ina whakamahia e ō pūtau te hāora, ka puta he hauhā waro hei para. Ka hoki anō tēnei para mā roto i ō toto ki ngā pukahukahu, ka tukuna ki te hau.
Kia pai ai te mahi a ō pukahukahu, me noho tuwhera, me noho mārama hoki ō ara manawa. He mea nui kia karohia te mumura , te nui rawa rānei o te hūpē.
Me pēhea te tiaki a ōu pūkahukahu i a rātou anō?
Kei roto i tō pūnaha manawa ngā tikanga ārai hei aukati i te puehu, i ngā huakita me ētahi atu mea whakapataritari kei uru ki roto i ō pukahukahu:
- Ngā Huruhuru Ihu:He tātari taiao ēnei, e mau ana i ngā matūriki puehu nunui i mua i te taenga ki ō pukahukahu.
- Huka: Ka whakaputahia e ō ngongo trachea me ō ngongo bronchial te huka hei pupuri i te makuku o ngā ara manawa me te hopu i ngā huakita me te puehu.
- Cilia: He hanganga ririki, he rite ki te huruhuru ēnei e neke haere tonu ana ki runga, e pana ana i te hūpē me ngā paru kua mau ki tō korokoro kia taea ai e koe te horoi mā te maremare, te horomi rānei. Ko tētahi o ngā tūponotanga matua o te momi hikareti ko te kino o ēnei cilia, e kore ai e taea e rātou te mahi i tā rātou mahi.
Ngā mate pūkahukahu noa
Engari, he maha ngā āhuatanga ka pā ki ngā pukahukahu. Ahakoa he ngawari ētahi, ko ētahi he roa, he kino rānei. Kei raro nei ētahi āhuatanga noa:
| Ingoa Āhuatanga | I roto i ngā Kupu Māmā |
|---|---|
| Mate huango | Te uaua ki te manawa nā te whaiti o ngā ara manawa. |
| Bronchitis | Ko te āhuatanga o te maremare; ka pā te mate, ka mau tonu rānei. |
| COPD | He mate pūkahukahu e ahu whakamua ana, e roa ana te wā, e uaua ai te manawa i roto i te wā. |
| Pūkahukahu | He mate e puta ai te mumura me te wai i roto i ngā pēke hau; he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana te tiaki hōhipera. |
| Te mate kohi | He mate kitakita e pā nui ana ki ngā pukahukahu, engari ka horapa atu ki ētahi atu wāhi. |
| Matepukupuku Pūkahukahu | Ko te kai paipa te tino take mōrearea o tēnei mate kino. |
| COVID-19 | He mate huaketo e pā kino ana ki te maha o ngā raruraru manawa. |
Ngā Tohu Pea o te Mate Pūkahukahu
Mena kei te pāngia koe e ngā raruraru o ō pukahukahu, tera pea ka kite koe i tētahi, i ētahi atu rānei o ngā tohu e whai ake nei. Kia aro nui ki ēnei tohu whakatūpato:
- Te poto o te manawa : Te pēhanga o te manawa, te uaua rānei ki te hopu i te manawa ahakoa te iti o te mahi tinana.
- Mamae o te uma : Te mamae ka kino ake ina manawa hōhonu koe, ina maremare rānei.
- Maremare mau tonu: He maremare pumau e roa ana mō ētahi wiki, neke atu rānei, ina koa mēnā he toto, he nui rawa rānei te hūpē e haere tahi ana.
- Ngenge:Te ngenge, te māuiui rānei, ahakoa i muri i te okiokinga.
- Te wheehe: He tangi whiowhio ina manawa koe, he tohu pea kei te aukatihia te ara manawa.
- Pupuhi: He pupuhi i ngā pona waewae, i ngā waewae rānei, ka hono pea tēnei ki ētahi mate pūkahukahu.
Ki te mau tonu ēnei tohu, kaua e warewarehia. Ko te huarahi pai ko te whakarite i tētahi wā hui ki tō tākuta kia whiwhi ai koe i tētahi aromatawai ngaio.
Me pēhea te aromatawai i te hauora o ngā pukahukahu?
I a koe e toro atu ana ki te tākuta, ka whakahaerehia e ia he whakamātautau tinana hei tirotiro i tō hauora manawa. Kei roto pea i tēnei:
- Te whakarongo ki tō uma mā te whakamahi i te stethoscope hei rongo i ngā oro rerekē (pēnei i te pakū, te wheezing rānei).
- Te aro turuki i tō tere manawa (ngā manawa ia meneti).
- Mā te whakamahi i te Pulse Oximeter , he taputapu iti e piri ana ki tō matihao, hei ine i te mākū o te hāora i roto i tō toto.
I tua atu i te whakamātautau tinana, me whai atu whakamātautau anō pea kia taea ai te tautuhi tika.
Ngā Whakamātautau Whakaahua
Mā ēnei whakamātautau ka taea e tō tākuta te tiro i te roto o ōu pukahukahu.
- X-ray o te uma
- Matawai CT
- Ultrasound
- Matawai MRI
Ngā Whakamātautau Mahi Pūkahukahu
Ka ine ēnei aromatawai i te whai huatanga o te mahi a ōu pukahukahu.
- Spirometry: He whakamātautau e ine ana i te nui o te hau ka taea e koe te manawa me te tere o te manawa.
- Whakamātautau hikoi ono meneti: Hei aroturuki i ngā panoni o ō taumata hāora me te tere o te manawa i a koe e hikoi ana mō ngā meneti e ono.
Ngā Tukanga
I ētahi wā, me tirotiro pea tō tākuta i roto i ō ara manawa, me kohi rānei i tētahi tauira kiko (biopsy) hei tirotiro tata atu.
- Pūnaha tirotiro manawa: Mā te whakamahi i tētahi ngongo ngāwari me te kāmera hei tirotiro i ō ara manawa.
- Kohikohi pūkahukahu: Te tiki i tētahi tauira kiko iti mai i te pūkahukahu hei tātaritanga mōkito.
Ngā Mahi hei Tiaki i tō Hauora Pūkahukahu
He nui ngā mea ka taea e koe hei pupuri i te hauora o ōu pukahukahu, hei whakahaere hoki i ngā āhuatanga o nāianei.
- Kaua e momi hikareti rawa: Koinei te taahiraa tino nui ka taea e koe te mahi. Kati rawa te momi hikareti, te bidi, me te vape.
- Kia mau ki te taumaha hauora: Mā te taumaha nui rawa, inā koa i te taha o te puku, ka aukati i te kaha o ō pukahukahu ki te whānui katoa.
- Whakakorikori tinana i ngā wā katoa: Mā te whakakorikori tinana ka pai ake te kaha o ngā pukahukahu. Heoi anō, me kōrero ki tō tākuta i mua i te tīmatanga o tētahi tikanga whakakorikori tinana hou.
- Kai i tētahi kai taurite, kai totika hoki.
- Kia mau te wai: Mā te inu i te nui o te wai ka noho angiangi te hūpē, ka māmā ake te tango i ngā ara manawa.
- Ārai i ngā mate urutā: Kia pai te akuaku o ō ringaringa, kaua e pā tata ki te hunga mate, me te whai i ngā werohanga kua tohua e tō tākuta.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- He whekau nui ōu pukahukahu e kawenga ana mō te whakarato hāora ki roto i tō toto me te tango i te hauhā waro.
- Ko te momi hikareti te tikanga tino kino mō ōu pukahukahu. Hei tiaki i tō hauora manawa, me noho kore momi hikareti koe.
- Kaua rawa e warewarehia te maremare tonu, te poto o te manawa, te mamae rānei o te uma. He tohu whakatūpato wawe pea ēnei mō te mate pūkahukahu. Mēnā he āwangawanga āu , whakapā atu ki tō tākuta tonu .
- Mā te noho hauora, tae atu ki te kai tika me te whakakori tinana auau, ka tino tautoko i te hauora o ōu pukahukahu mō te wā roa.
Ngā pūkahukahu, te manawa, ngā mate manawa, te huango, te COPD, te niumōnia, te hauora o ngā pūkahukahu, Nirogi Lanka
