Kua whakaarohia e koe te mīharo me te uaua o te tukanga manawa? Kāore tātou e mōhio, neke atu i te rua tekau mano ngā wā e tupu ana tēnei i te rā. I a tātou e moe ana, e mahi ana, e tākaro ana, ko te toa matua kei muri i tēnei mahi whakamiharo o te whakarato i te hāora e tika ana ki tō tātou tinana, arā, te hāora , me te tuku atu i ngā hau kāore e tika ana, ko ō tātou pūkahukahu . Nō reira, i tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou mō ngā pūkahukahu, he mea nui ki tō tātou oranga.

He aha ngā pūkahukahu? Kei hea rātou e noho ana?

Ki te kī māmā noa iho, ko ngā pūkahukahu te wāhanga matua o tō tātou pūnaha manawa , te whatunga o ngā whekau e uru ana ki te manawa. E rua ā tātou pūkahukahu. Kei roto i tō tātou uma ēnei, arā, te rohe i waenganui i te kaki me te puku, i ia taha. Ka kiia hoki tēnei ko te uma.

Kāore ō tātou pūkahukahu i tino ōrite. He iti noa ngā rerekētanga.

Pūkahukahu Matau

E toru ngā wāhanga o te pūkahukahu matau, arā, ko ngā 'lobes' . He poto ake i te pūkahukahu maui, engari he whānui ake. E kapi ana ō tātou pūkahukahu e rua i tētahi kiriuhi tiaki e kīia ana ko te 'pleural tissue' .

Pūkahukahu Mauī

E rua ngā pūkahukahu o te pūkahukahu maui. He iti ake tēnei i te pūkahukahu matau. Ko te take o tēnā, he hanga wāhi mō te ngākau. Kei te wāhi e tika ana kia noho te ngākau ki waenganui o te pūkahukahu maui. Nō reira, i roto i te pūkahukahu maui, he wāhi iti kua tapahia kia uru ki te ngākau, e kiia nei e tātou ko te 'cardiac notch' .

He aha te mea e tupu ana i roto i ngā pukahukahu?

Ko te mahi matua a ngā pūkahukahu he whakarato i te hāora ki ngā pūtau o te tinana, me te tango i te hauhā waro, he para e hangaia ana e ngā pūtau, mai i te tinana. E 12 ki te 20 ngā wā ka puta ai tēnei tukanga i ia meneti.

Whakaarohia kei te tango manawa koe.

1. Ina manawa koe mā tō ihu, mā tō waha rānei, ka haere te hau mā te tuarongo o tō korokoro ka tomo ki tō ara manawa (te puku o te puku) .

2. Kātahi ka wehea tēnei trachea kia rua ngā peka. Ka karangatia ēnei ko ngā 'ngā ngongo pūkahukahu' . Ka hono tētahi ki te pukahukahu matau, ko tētahi ki te pukahukahu maui.

3. I roto i ngā pukahukahu, ka wehea ēnei ngongo ki ngā manga iti ake e kiia nei ko ngā 'pūkahukahu' me ngā ngongo iti ake anō hoki e kiia nei ko ngā 'pūkahukahu' .

4. Hei whakamutunga, ka hono atu ēnei awa iti ki tētahi rōpū o ngā pēke hau iti e āhua rite ana ki te tautau karepe. Ka kiia ēnei ko ngā 'alveoli' . Koinei ngā hōiho mahi nui i roto i ō tātou pukahukahu. Mā roto i ēnei pēke hau ka tāpirihia te hāora i roto i te hau e manawahia ana e tātou ki te toto.

I muri i te mimiti o te hāora, ka wehe te toto i ngā pukahukahu ka haere ki te ngākau. Mai i reira, ka pupuhihia e te ngākau tēnei toto whai hāora puta noa i te tinana. Ko te wā tēnā e whiwhi ai ia pūtau me ia kiko o te tinana i te hāora e hiahiatia ana hei oranga.

Ina whakamahia e ngā pūtau o te tinana te hāora, ka puta he hauhā waro hei para. Ka hoki ki te toto, ka haere ki ngā pukahukahu. Ina whakapūha tātou, ka puta atu tēnei hauhā waro kāore e hiahiatia ana i te tinana.

Me pēhea te tiaki a ngā pūkahukahu i a rātou anō?

He maha ngā tikanga parepare whakamiharo a tō tātou pūnaha manawa hei ārai i ngā mea kino pēnei i te puehu me ngā iroriki i te rangi kei uru ki roto i ō tātou pukahukahu ina manawa tātou.

• Ngā huruhuru ririki o te ihu: He rite ēnei ki te tātari e horoi ana i te hau. Ka ārai i ngā mea pēnei i ngā matūriki puehu nunui kei uru ki te ihu.
• Te hūpē e puta ana i roto i te trachea me ngā ngongo bronchial: Ka pupuri tēnei hūpē i te makuku o ngā ara manawa. Ka mau hoki i ngā mea pēnei i te puehu me te huakita.
• Cilia: He hanganga huruhuru ririki ēnei i roto i ō tātou ara manawa. Ka neke tonu ki runga, ka panaia te hūpē me ētahi atu matū kino ki te korokoro. Kātahi ka taea e tātou te maremare, te horomi rānei. Ko tētahi o ngā take matua he morearea te momi hikareti ko te pakaru o ēnei cilia e te auahi.

Ngā mate me ngā āhuatanga noa e pā ana ki ngā pukahukahu

Engari, he maha ngā āhuatanga ka pā ki ō tātou pukahukahu. Ko ētahi he iti noa iho, ko ētahi he roa, he kino hoki. Kei raro nei ētahi o ngā mea noa.

He aha ngā tohu pea o te mate pūkahukahu?

Mena he mate pūkahukahu tōu, tera pea ka pāngia koe e tētahi, e ētahi rānei o ngā tohu e whai ake nei. He mea tino tika kia mōhio koe ki ēnei.

• Te poto o te manawa : Te poto o te manawa ahakoa te mahi i ngā mahi iti.
• Mamae o te uma : Ka kino haere te mamae ina manawa hōhonu, ina maremare rānei.
• Maremare: He maremare mau tonu, inā koa ka roa mō ngā wiki. He huware toto.
• Ngenge: Te ahua o te ngenge nui tonu.
• Wheezing: He tangi whiowhio mai i te uma.
• Te pupuhi o ngā pona me ngā waewae: Ka kitea anō hoki tēnei i roto i ētahi mate pūkahukahu.

Me pēhea te tirotiro i te hauora o ngā pukahukahu?

Ina haere koe ki te tākuta, ka taea e ia te tirotiro i a koe me te tiki whakaaro mō ō pukahukahu. Hei tauira:

• Ka whakarongohia te uma ki te stethoscope, ā, ka tirohia mēnā he oro rerekē (te pakū, te wheezing).
• Ka tatau koe i te maha o ngā manawa e tangohia ana e koe i ia meneti.
• Ka tāpirihia he taputapu iti e kiia nei ko te Pulse Oximeter ki te matihao, hei ine i te taumata hāora i roto i te toto.

Haunga te whakamātautau tinana, tera pea e hiahiatia he maha nga whakamatautau hei tautuhi tika i te mate.

Ngā whakamātautau whakaahua o ngā pukahukahu

Mā ēnei ka taea e te tākuta te kite i te āhua o roto i ō pukahukahu.

• X-ray o te uma
• Matawai CT
• Matawai Ultrasound
• Matawai MRI

Ngā Whakamātautau Mahi Pūkahukahu

Ka ine ēnei whakamātautau i te pai o te mahi a ōu pukahukahu.

• Spirometry: He whakamātautau e ine ana i te tere me te nui o te hau ka taea e koe te manawa.
• Whakamātautau hikoi ono meneti: Ka ine tēnei i te rerekētanga o ō taumata hāora me te tere o te ngakau i a koe e hikoi ana mō te ono meneti.

Ngā tikanga e hiahiatia ana he rongoā whakamoe

I ētahi wā, me tuku he kāmera ki roto i ngā pukahukahu hei tirotiro i roto, hei tango rānei i tētahi wahi kiko (koiora) hei tirotiro.

• Pūkahukahu: He tikanga e tukuna ai he ngongo ngāwari me te kāmera iti mā roto i ngā ara manawa hei tirotiro i ngā pukahukahu.
• Kohikohi pūkahukahu: Ka tangohia he wahi iti o te kiko mai i te pūkahukahu ka tirotirohia i raro i te karuārai.

Ngā mea ka taea e tātou te mahi hei pupuri i te hauora o ō tātou pukahukahu

He maha ngā mea ka taea e tātou te mahi hei pupuri i te hauora o ō tātou pukahukahu, me te whakahaere i te mate pukahukahu mēnā kei a tātou taua mate.

• Kaua e momi hikareti rawa: Koinei te mea pai rawa atu, te mea nui rawa atu hoki ka taea e koe te mahi. Kati te momi hikareti, te momi pī, me te hikareti hiko.
• Kia mau ki te taumaha hauora: I te pikinga ake o te taumaha o te tinana, ina koa ka kohia te ngako ki te puku, ka iti haere te kaha o ngā pukahukahu ki te whānui.
• Whakakorikori tinana i ia wā:Ka whakanui ake te whakakori tinana i te kaha o ngā pukahukahu. Heoi, ki te mea he hou koe ki te whakakori tinana, me toro atu ki tō tākuta i te tuatahi.
• Kai i ngā kai hauora.
• Inumia he nui te wai: Mā tēnei ka angiangi te hūpē i roto i ō pukahukahu, ā, ka māmā ake te tango.
• Tiakina koe i ngā mate urutā: Horoia ō ringaringa i ngā wā katoa. Noho tawhiti atu i te hunga e mate ana. Tikina ngā kano ārai mate e taunaki ana tō tākuta.