Dokotala akakuuzani inu kapena mwana wanu kuti muli ndi ADHD ( Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ), nthawi zambiri timangoganizira za zimenezo zokha, sichoncho? Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti ADHD nthawi zambiri simangochitika yokha? Akuluakulu ndi ana omwe ali ndi ADHD akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo omwe amayenderana nawo. Nthawi zina matenda enawa amakhala ovuta kuwazindikira chifukwa zizindikiro zawo zimafanana kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za ADHD. Chifukwa chake, ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi ADHD, ndikofunikira kulankhula momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za malingaliro kapena machitidwe aliwonse omwe akukuvutitsani. Pokhapokha dokotala wanu angadziwe ngati vutoli likufunika chithandizo chosiyana.
Kugwirizana pakati pa ADHD ndi Kuvutika Maganizo
Nthawi zina zimakhala zachilendo kumva chisoni komanso kukhumudwa chifukwa chakuti muli ndi ADHD. Koma zomwe tikulankhula pano ndi matenda a maganizo, omwe ndi matenda ena, oopsa kwambiri. Akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri moti angakhudze zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku, monga ntchito, sukulu, banja, komanso maubwenzi.
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti pafupifupi 70% ya anthu omwe ali ndi ADHD adzafuna chithandizo cha kuvutika maganizo nthawi ina m'miyoyo yawo.
Kodi mungazindikire bwanji kuvutika maganizo mwa akuluakulu ndi ana?
Matendawa angakhudze akuluakulu ndi ana. Komabe, zingakhale zovuta kuzindikira kuvutika maganizo mwa ana chifukwa zizindikiro zake zingaphatikizepo kukwiya pafupipafupi komanso kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso . Izi ndi zizindikiro za ADHD, kotero n'zosavuta kusokoneza zonsezi.
Samalani zizindikiro zomwe zili patebulo ili m'munsimu. Ngati izi zikupitirira kwa milungu iwiri, musaganize kuti ndi ADHD. Onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala wanu ndikukambirana za izi.
| Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za kuvutika maganizo | |
|---|---|
| Malingaliro | Kumva chisoni, kusowa chiyembekezo, kapena kukhala wopanda kanthu tsiku lonse. |
| Kufunitsitsa/Chimwemwe | Mfundo yakuti sindikufuna kuchita chilichonse inali yoti ndizisangalala nayo tsopano. |
| Kulemera kwa thupi | Kuchepetsa thupi mwadzidzidzi kapena kuwonjezeka thupi popanda kulamulira chakudya. |
| Kugona | Kumva tulo nthawi zonse masana komanso kusagona usiku. |
| Khalidwe | Zochita zopanda phindu monga kuyenda mozungulira mopanda kukhazikika komanso kupotokola manja. |
Ngati mwana ali ndi vuto la kuvutika maganizo, vutoli lingathe kuthetsedwa bwino ndi chithandizo cha khalidwe komanso nthawi zina mankhwala.
ADHD ndi mavuto ogona
Mavuto ogona ndi ofala kwambiri pakati pa akuluakulu omwe ali ndi ADHD, komanso pakati pa ana. Ndipotu, ana omwe ali ndi ADHD ali ndi mwayi wopeza mavuto ogona kawiri kapena katatu kuposa ana omwe alibe ADHD. N’chifukwa chiyani zimakhala zovuta kugona bwino usiku ndi ADHD? Asayansi alibe yankho lomveka bwino, koma apeza kuti pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingathandize.
| Zifukwa zomwe zimakhudza kugona | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Zolimbikitsa | Khofi ndi mankhwala opatsa mphamvu, monganso mankhwala ena a ADHD. Mankhwalawa angakuthandizeni kukhala maso usiku. |
| Kuvutika maganizo ndi nkhawa | Matenda onsewa amisala ndi ofala kwambiri ndi ADHD ndipo angayambitse kusowa tulo. |
| Matenda a Miyendo Yosakhazikika | Uwu ndi matenda amitsempha. Mumamva kusasangalala m'miyendo yanu mukapuma, ndipo mumamva kufunika kosuntha miyendo yanu kuti muchepetse kusasangalalako. |
| Kupuma Movutikira ndi Tulo | Izi zikuphatikizapo matenda osiyanasiyana, kuyambira kukokoloka mpaka kupuma movutikira, komwe kumakhudza pafupifupi 30% ya ana omwe ali ndi ADHD. |
| Matenda a Circadian-Rhythm Tulo | Mwachidule, wotchi yathu ya thupi yatha ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi limayamba kuzolowera kugona mochedwa ndikudzuka mochedwa kuposa masiku onse. |
Akatswiri amanena kuti kuyesa kukonza tulo kuyenera kukhala gawo la dongosolo la chithandizo cha ADHD.
Zinthu izi zidzakuthandizani kugona bwino:
- Khalani ndi chizolowezi chabwino chogona : Chepetsani kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga mafoni ndi mapiritsi musanagone. Khalani ndi chizolowezi chogona ndi kudzuka nthawi imodzi. Chepetsani zinthu monga khofi ndi tiyi.
- Konzani chipinda chogona: Sungani chipindacho chili chozizira komanso chamdima.
- Maseŵero Olimbitsa Thupi: Maseŵero olimbitsa thupi bwino masana. Koma musachite maseŵero olimbitsa thupi mkati mwa maola atatu kuchokera nthawi yogona.
- Chakudya : Musadye mpaka nthawi yogona itakwana.
Chofunika kwambiri: Musamwe mapiritsi ogonetsa kapena zowonjezera zakudya popanda kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu.
Mavuto Akuluakulu a Khalidwe
Anthu ena omwe ali ndi ADHD, makamaka ana, angakhalenso ndi mavuto ena akuluakulu a khalidwe. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya izi.
1. Matenda Otsutsana ndi Kusakhazikika (ODD): Pafupifupi theka la ana omwe ali ndi ADHD angakhalenso ndi ODD. Ngati zizindikirozi zikupitirira kwa miyezi yoposa 6, ndi chifukwa chodera nkhawa.
2. Matenda a Khalidwe (CD): Nthawi zina, ngati sanachiritsidwe, matenda a ODD amatha kukhala matenda aakulu a CD. Izi zingakhudze ana okwana 25% omwe ali ndi ADHD ndi 45% ya ana aang'ono.
Onani tebulo ili m'munsimu kuti mudziwe zizindikiro za matenda onse awiri. Ngati muwona chilichonse chonga ichi mwa mwana wanu,Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuuza dokotala za nkhaniyi mwachangu. Zinthu izi zitha kuthetsedwa ndi zinthu monga kuphunzitsa makolo ndi kupeza chithandizo kuchokera kusukulu.
| Zizindikiro za Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) | Zizindikiro za Matenda a Khalidwe (CD) |
|---|---|
| Mwadzidzidzi kukwiya popanda chifukwa. | Khalidwe lankhanza kwa anthu ena kapena nyama. |
| Kukangana ndi akuluakulu nthawi zonse. | Kuonongeka kwa katundu. |
| Kusafuna kutsatira zopempha kapena malamulo a akuluakulu. | Kuba. |
| Kukwiyitsa ena mwadala. | Kudumpha sukulu. |
| Kuimba mlandu ena chifukwa cha zolakwa zawo. | (zoopsa kwambiri kuposa ODD, khalidwe losakonda anthu) |
| Kumva kukwiya nthawi zonse, kukwiya, kapena kukhala ndi maganizo obwezera. |
Mavuto ena azaumoyo
Kuwonjezera pa mavuto akuluakulu awa, palinso matenda ena angapo omwe angakhudze anthu omwe ali ndi ADHD.
- Matenda a Maganizo: Maganizo anu angasinthe mofulumira kuposa masiku onse ndipo nthawi zambiri amasintha pakati pa zinthu zoopsa (monga chisangalalo chachikulu ndi chisoni chachikulu).
- Nkhawa: Kuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi mavuto a moyo. Izi zingayambitse kukwiya, kupsinjika maganizo, komanso kutopa.
- Matenda a Umunthu:Pakachitika chinthu chosayembekezereka, zimakhala zovuta kuchizolowera. Mungayankhe m'njira zomwe ena amaona kuti ndi zachilendo kapena zopweteka, ndipo zingakhale zovuta kumanga ubale wabwino.
- Kuopa Anthu: Kuopa kupita kumalo komwe mudzakhala pafupi ndi anthu ena, monga kusukulu kapena kuntchito.
- Nkhawa Yopatukana: Kumva nkhawa mukakhala kutali ndi banja lanu kapena mukamaganiza kuti mudzakhala kutali ndi banja lanu.
- Mavuto Ophunzirira: Pafupifupi theka la ana omwe ali ndi ADHD akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lophunzira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amaphunzira ndikugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chatsopano mosiyana. Mavuto owerenga (dyslexia) ndi mavuto a masamu (dyscalculia) ndi ofala.
- Kukana Matenda Ovutika Maganizo (RSD): Ngakhale kuti sakudziwika mwalamulo kuti ndi matenda amisala, ichi ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri. Kukhumudwa kwambiri chifukwa cholephera kukwaniritsa zomwe munthu akuyembekezera kapena zomwe ena akuyembekezera, kapena chifukwa chotsutsidwa.
Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zonsezi ndipo phunzirani za zizindikiro zochenjeza za matenda amenewa. Izi zikuthandizani kuzindikira mavuto ena aliwonse omwe angakukhudzeni inu kapena mwana wanu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- ADHD si vuto lomwe limachitika nthawi zambiri lokha. Lingayambitsenso mavuto ena, monga kuvutika maganizo, mavuto ogona, ndi mavuto a khalidwe.
- Nthawi zonse dziwani kusintha kwa maganizo anu kapena a mwana wanu, momwe amagona, kapena khalidwe lake.
- Musangonyalanyaza izi ngati "zonsezi ndi ADHD." Ikhoza kukhala vuto lomwe limafuna chithandizo chosiyana.
- Kambiranani momasuka komanso moona mtima ndi dokotala wanu za zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe zikukuvutitsani, ngakhale zitakhala zazing'ono bwanji. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mudziwe bwino matendawa komanso kuti mupeze chithandizo choyenera.
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