Zonse zomwe mukufuna kudziwa zokhudza Bone Marrow Biopsy!

Dokotala wanu akakuuzani kuti muyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya mafupa, mungakhale ndi mantha pang'ono komanso chidwi, sichoncho? Mungakhale ndi mafunso ambiri monga, "N'chiyani? N'chifukwa chiyani chikuchitidwa? Kodi chidzapweteka?" Musadandaule, m'nkhaniyi tikambirana zonsezi m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi Biopsy ya Bone Marrow ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, kuyezetsa mafupa ndi mayeso apadera omwe amachitidwa kuti adziwe matenda okhudzana ndi magazi anu ndi mafuta a m'mafupa. Kodi mukudziwa kuti mafuta a m'mafupa ndi malo akuluakulu m'thupi lathu komwe magazi amapangidwa? Zili ngati fakitale. Mu mayesowa, dokotala wanu amachotsa chitsanzo chaching'ono, kapena gawo, la mafuta a m'mafupa awa mkati mwa limodzi mwa mafupa anu akuluakulu. Kenako, dokotala wapadera wotchedwa katswiri wa matenda a m'mafupa amayang'ana chitsanzochi pansi pa maikulosikopu ndikuyang'ana zizindikiro za matenda aliwonse. Kuyezetsa mafupa ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mudziwe matenda ambiri molondola, makamaka matenda okhudzana ndi magazi ndi mitundu ina ya khansa.

Ndiye, kodi mafuta a m'mafupa awa ndi chiyani?

Tangoganizirani, mkati mwa mafupa akuluakulu m'thupi lathu, muli malo opanda kanthu, monga mkati mwa chubu. M'kati mwa malo opanda kanthuwo muli chomwe chimatchedwa ``Bone Marrow``. Chili ndi magawo awiri: gawo lofewa, lokhala ngati siponji, ndi gawo lamadzimadzi. Gawo la minofu iyi m'mafupa ndi lomwe limapanga zinthu zitatu zofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu:

• Maselo ofiira a m'magazi : Awa ndi maselo omwe amanyamula mpweya m'thupi lathu lonse. Tikamapuma, mpweya womwe umalowa m'mapapo umagawidwa ku selo iliyonse m'thupi ndi maselo ofiira a m'magaziwa.
• Maselo oyera a m'magazi : Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chitetezo cha thupi lathu, maselo oyera awa amatiteteza ku majeremusi ndi matenda.
• Ma platelets: Kodi mukudziwa momwe mungaletsere kutuluka magazi mukavulala? Ma platelets awa amathandiza pa izi. Pamene mtsempha wamagazi wasweka, amalumikizana kuti apange magazi oundana ndikuletsa kutuluka magazi .

Gawo lamadzimadzi la mafuta a m'mafupa lili ndi maselo oyambira , kutanthauza maselo omwe sanakhwime koma amatha kukhala maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi ma platelet. Komanso, mavitamini ofunikira pakukula kwa maselo amenewa amapangidwa mu gawo lamadzimadzili. Tsopano mwina mukumvetsa kuti biopsy ya mafuta a m'mafupa imafufuza gawo ili la minofu. Komabe, pali mayeso ena otchedwa bone marrow aspiration , omwe amafufuza gawo lamadzimadzili. Nthawi zambiri, dokotala wanu amachita izi nthawi yomweyo ndi biopsy.

Kodi dokotala amalangiza kuti achite opaleshoni ya mafupa (bone marrow biopsy) nthawi yanji?

Kujambula mafupa a m'mafupa kungapatse madokotala chidziwitso chamtengo wapatali. Amagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi kuti:

• Kuyesa kapena kuzindikira matenda: Mwachitsanzo, ngati muwona kusintha kosazolowereka kwa chiwerengero cha maselo a magazi mu chitsanzo cha magazi (kaya otsika kwambiri kapena okwera kwambiri), dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mupange biopsy. Izi zingathandize kuzindikira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo matenda okhudzana ndi magazi, khansa, malungo osadziwika bwino, ndi matenda opatsirana.
• Ngati muli ndi khansa, dziwani siteji yake: Gawo la khansa ndi momwe yafalikira komanso kuopsa kwake. Kuyeza kwa mafupa kungathe kudziwa ngati khansa yafalikira mpaka m'mafupa kapena ngati chotupa cha khansa m'mafupa chikukula.
• Yang'anirani momwe chithandizo chikupitira patsogolo: Nthawi zina, madokotala amachitanso biopsy kuti aone momwe chithandizocho chikugwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene akulandira chithandizo cha khansa angayesedwe nthawi ndi nthawi kuti aone ngati mafupa ake akupanga maselo a magazi abwino pambuyo pa chithandizo.

Chinanso n’chakuti biopsy iyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuona ngati woperekayo ndi woyenera kwa munthu amene akufuna kuikidwa m’mafupa (allogeneic stem cell transplant ). Nthawi zina, munthu amene ali ndi maselo ochepa a magazi abwino amafunika kuikidwa m’magazi athanzi kuchokera kwa munthu wina. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, maselo a woperekayo ndi olandirayo ayenera kugwirizana.

Ndi matenda ati omwe angapezeke ndi biopsy ya m'mafupa?

Kuyeza magazi nthawi zambiri kumachitika kuti adziwe matenda omwe amayambitsa maselo ambiri kapena ochepa a magazi. Kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito pozindikira khansa yomwe imakhudza magazi anu kapena mafupa anu. Nazi zina mwa matenda omwe angayambitse izi:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi: Kusowa kwa maselo ofiira okwanira onyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse. Timatchanso kuti " kusowa kwa magazi m'thupi ."
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi: Matenda omwe mafupa amalephera kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi ma platelet okwanira.
• Leukopenia ndi leukocytosis: Kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera m'magazi kotsika kwambiri (leukopenia) kapena kokwera kwambiri (leukocytosis).
• Kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi (thrombocytopenia) ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi (thrombocytopenia): Kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi (thrombocytopenia) kapena kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi (thrombocytosis).
• Polycythemia vera: Iyi ndi khansa ya m'magazi yomwe imapezeka kawirikawiri pomwe mafupa amapanga maselo ofiira ambiri.
• Khansa ya m'magazi: Khansa ya m'magazi. Ingayambitse maselo olakwika a m'magazi, makamaka maselo oyera a m'magazi.
• Lymphoma:Khansa yomwe imayamba m'thupi la lymphatic system. Izi zingayambitsenso matenda m'maselo oyera ndi ofiira a m'magazi.
• Multiple myeloma: Iyi ndi khansa ya m'magazi yosowa kwambiri. Imakhudza maselo a m'magazi, mtundu wa maselo oyera a m'magazi.
• Khansa yachiwiri: Khansa zomwe zimayambira kwina m'thupi (monga mawere, mapapo) kenako zimafalikira kumalo ena, monga m'mafupa.
• Myelofibrosis: Pa vutoli, mafuta a m'mafupa amalowedwa m'malo ndi minofu ya zipsera za ulusi.
• Matenda a Myelodysplastic: Ichi ndi matenda a m'mafupa omwe maselo oyambira sakula bwino.

Kuphatikiza apo, biopsy iyi ingathandizenso kuzindikira zolakwika mu chromosome ndi kusowa kwa mavitamini ena. Zofooka izi zingayambitse mafuta a m'mafupa kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi owoneka modabwitsa kapena akuluakulu.

Ndani akuchita biopsy iyi?

Kuyeza kwa mafupa nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi dokotala yemwe ndi katswiri wa matenda okhudzana ndi magazi (hematologist) kapena dokotala yemwe ndi katswiri wa khansa (oncologist) .

Kodi mumakonzekera bwanji izi? Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani?

Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani za mayesowo ndikukupatsani malangizo amomwe mungakonzekere. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwapatsidwa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu kuti akuthandizeni kugona tsiku loyesedwa, mungapemphedwe kuti musale kudya usiku usanachitike mayesowo. Ngati zili choncho, muyenera kukonza zoti wina akutengereni kunyumba. Dokotala wanu adzafunika kudziwa mbiri yanu yonse yachipatala komanso mankhwala aliwonse omwe mukumwa pakadali pano. Chifukwa chake, onetsetsani kuti mwawauza za:

• Kodi muli ndi vuto lomwe limalepheretsa magazi anu kuundana mosavuta (monga hemophilia)?
• Kodi mukumwa mankhwala aliwonse (makamaka mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana kapena ochepetsa magazi)?
• Kodi mumamwa mavitamini kapena zowonjezera zina?
• Kodi muli ndi vuto lililonse la mankhwala?

Komanso, ngati muli ndi pakati, muyenera kudziwitsa dokotala. Mwa kuwauza zonsezi pasadakhale, gulu lachipatala lingakuthandizeni kuyezetsa magazi mosamala komanso momasuka.

Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani mukachita biopsy?

Kuyezetsa mafupa kungachitike ku ofesi ya dokotala kapena kuchipatala. Njira yonseyi imatenga pafupifupi mphindi 30.Mudzakhala maso panthawi yoyezetsa, koma mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu kuti mukhale omasuka. Musanayeze, mudzapatsidwa chovala cha kuchipatala. Mungapatsidwenso mankhwala ochepetsa ululu kuti akuthandizeni kupumula. Nthawi zambiri njirazi zimachitika motere: 1. Kutengera ndi komwe biopsy ikuchitikira, mudzatembenuzidwa mbali kapena m'mimba. Ma biopsy ambiri a mafupa amachitikira kumbuyo kwa fupa lanu la m'chiuno (posterior iliac crest) . 2. Kenako, dokotala wanu adzayeretsa khungu pamalopo ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo ndikubaya mankhwala opha ululu kudzera pakhungu mpaka litafika pafupa. 3. Adzadula pang'ono ndikuyika singano yapadera ya biopsy m'fupa lanu. 4. Pogwiritsa ntchito sirinji yaying'ono yolumikizidwa ndi singano, madzi pang'ono amachotsedwa m'mafuta anu a m'mafupa ( fupa lomwe tidakambirana kale). 5. Kenako, singano yopanda kanthu, yofanana ndi chubu imayikidwa ndipo chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu ya siponji m'mafuta a m'mafupa chimachotsedwa. Izi zimatchedwa core biopsy . Izi zili choncho chifukwa "core" ya minofu imachotsedwa mu singano. 6. Singano yomwe ili ndi chitsanzocho imachotsedwa, kupanikizika kumayikidwa pakhungu kuti magazi asiye kutuluka, ndipo bandeji imayikidwa pa bala. Kenako dokotala amatumiza chitsanzocho ku labu. Kumeneko, chimayesedwa ngati pali zizindikiro za matenda.

Kodi izi zimapweteka?

Funso limene anthu ambiri amafunsa ndi ili. Kunena zoona, lingakhale losasangalatsa pang'ono. Mukachita kutsuka mafupa, komwe ndi pamene gawo lamadzimadzi limatengedwa, mungamve kupweteka kwambiri . Mukachita biopsy yapakati, komwe ndi pamene gawo la minofu limatengedwa, mungamve kupweteka kosasangalatsa komanso kopweteka kwa kanthawi . Tsoka ilo, fupa silingathe kufooka. Chifukwa chake, mungamve zinthu monga kukanikiza, kukankhira, kukoka, komwe ndi kosasangalatsa pang'ono.

Koma musadandaule. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa kapena mafunso okhudza ululu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Angakupatseni mankhwala okuthandizani kuti mukhale omasuka, kuwonjezera pa kuchepetsa dzanzi pamalo omwe biopsy ikuchitikira.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pambuyo pa biopsy?

Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupita kunyumba tsiku lomwelo lomwe mayesowo adachitika. Komabe, ngati mwapatsidwa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, mudzafunika wina woti akutengereni kunyumba. Mukapita kunyumba, muyenera kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu ndendende. Anganene zinthu monga:

• Ngati muli ndi ululu kapena kusapeza bwino, tengani mankhwala ochepetsa ululu omwe simunalandire kuchokera kwa dokotala omwe mungapeze ku pharmacy popanda chilolezo cha dokotala.
• Pewani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kugwira ntchito yolemetsa kwa maola osachepera 24.
• Sungani malo ouma pa bala kwa maola osachepera 24.

Kodi pali zoopsa zilizonse pa izi?

Ndipotu, mavuto ochokera ku biopsy ya m'mafupa ndi osowa kwambiri.Komabe, nthawi zina, pangakhale kutuluka magazi ambiri kapena matenda opatsirana pamalo oyezetsera magazi. Nthawi zambiri, kukanikiza malowo kudzaletsa kutuluka magazi. Ngati matenda achitika, dokotala wanu angakupatseni kirimu wothira maantibayotiki kuti mupaka.

Kodi zotsatira zake ndi zotani? Kodi zikutiuza chiyani?

Chitsanzo chanu cha mafuta a m'mafupa chimayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu ndi katswiri wotchedwa pathologist . Dokotala wanu akapeza zomwe wapeza, adzakambirana nanu ndikukuuzani zomwe mungachite kenako. Kutengera ndi zotsatira zanu, dokotala wanu angatsimikizire kuti mwapezeka ndi matendawa, kuyitanitsa mayeso ena, kapena kulangiza chithandizo, kapena kusintha chithandizo chomwe mukupeza panopa. Chofunika kwambiri ndikufunsa dokotala wanu zomwe zotsatira zanu zikutanthauza kwa inu. Popeza mkhalidwe wa aliyense ndi wosiyana, dokotala wanu ndiye munthu wabwino kwambiri wodziwa bwino tanthauzo la zotsatira zanu.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yanji mwachangu?

Ngati mukupeza zizindikiro zilizonse za mavuto mutatha kuyezetsa, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Zizindikiro zimenezi ndi monga:

• Ngati pali kutuluka magazi ambiri kapena madzi akutuluka kuchokera pamalo oyezetsera magazi.
• Ngati pali kutupa komwe biopsy idachitidwa.
• Malowa ndi ofiira (makamaka ngati kufiirako kwafalikira).
• Ngati mukudwala malungo kapena ululu ukukulirakulira .

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a magazi kapena vuto lina lomwe limakhudza mafupa, nthawi zambiri mumachitidwa biopsy ya mafupa. Ngati muli ndi mafunso enieni okhudza mayesowa kapena mukuda nkhawa ndi zomwe zikuchitika panthawi ya biopsy, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Angakupatseni mankhwala ochepetsa ululu kuti akuthandizeni kumva bwino komanso kumasuka. Angakufotokozereninso gawo lililonse la mayesowo. Izi zikuthandizani kumva bwino komanso kukhala ndi chidaliro mukachita biopsy yanu. Kusamalira thanzi lanu ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, choncho musaope kufunsa upangiri kwa dokotala.

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