Tangoganizirani, pakati pa chipululu chopanda kanthu, panali bokosi laling'ono lomwe lingathe kupanga madzi oyera akumwa kuchokera mumlengalenga. Zikumveka ngati chithunzi chochokera mufilimu yopeka ya sayansi, sichoncho? Koma tsopano ndi zenizeni. Lero tikulankhula za ukadaulo watsopano wodabwitsa womwe ungathetse vuto lalikulu la madzi padziko lonse lapansi.
Malinga ndi bungwe la United Nations, anthu opitilira mabiliyoni awiri padziko lonse lapansi alibe madzi abwino akumwa . Madera ena ndi osowa madzi mwachilengedwe. Ndipo chilala chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo chawonjezera vutoli. Kwa anthu ena, madzi omwe ali nawo ndi odetsedwa, odzaza ndi majeremusi ndi mankhwala oopsa . Kwa ena, onse awiri. Chifukwa chake asayansi akupeza njira zatsopano komanso zodabwitsa zothetsera vutoli.
Chokolola Cham'chipululu: Bokosi lomwe limapanga madzi kuchokera mumlengalenga m'chipululu
Mpweya umene timapuma uli ndi nthunzi yambiri ya madzi, yomwe sitingathe kuiona. Uwu ndi umodzi mwa magwero akuluakulu a madzi padziko lapansi.
Malinga ndi Omar M. Yaghi, pulofesa ku yunivesite ya California, Berkeley, pogwiritsa ntchito nthunzi yochepa ya madzi mumlengalenga, yosakwana .001%, titha kupereka malita 50 a madzi patsiku kwa munthu aliyense padziko lapansi.
Pulofesa Yagi ndi gulu lake apeza njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito madzi ambiri osaonekawa. Aphatikiza mamolekyu apadera kuti apange kapangidwe kofanana ndi scaffold. Izi zimatchedwa metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) . Izi ndi zinthu zodabwitsa. Chidutswa cha MOF, chaching'ono ngati fupa, chili ndi malo okwana mabwalo awiri a mpira ngati mutachifalitsa.
Anapanga bokosi la Plexiglas lodzaza ndi zinthu za MOF izi. Bokosili limatentha likayikidwa padzuwa. MOF yomwe ili mkati mwa bokosilo imayamwa ngakhale nthunzi yochepa kwambiri ya madzi mumlengalenga wa chipululu chouma kwambiri. Kenako, nthunzi yamadzi yomwe imayamwayo imasanduka madzi ndipo imasonkhanitsidwa ngati madzi oyera, omwa. Monga momwe Pulofesa Yagi akunenera, "Palibe china chilichonse padziko lapansi chomwe chingatenge madzi mumlengalenga mu chinyezi chotsika chonchi ndikutulutsanso, kupatula MOF iyi."
Bokosi logwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa lopangidwa ndi magalamu 200 okha a MOF iyi limatha kusonkhanitsa madzi opitilira galoni imodzi (pafupifupi malita 4.5) patsiku. Chitsanzo chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi chingachite izi mosalekeza tsiku lonse.
Chowunikira poizoni wa ubongo chomwe chimazindikira poizoni m'madzi
Sikokwanira kuti madzi akhale oyera, amafunikanso kukhala otetezeka. Madzi amatha kukhala ndi poizoni woopsa womwe sitingathe kuwona kapena kulawa. Mwachitsanzo, arsenic , lead, ndi mabakiteriya owopsa. Ofufuza ku Northwestern University akuyesera kupeza njira yosavuta yodziwira izi.
Agwiritsa ntchito thandizo la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tichite izi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti tili ndi luso lodabwitsa lozindikira ndi kudziteteza ku zinthu zoopsa zomwe zili m'madzi. Zili ngati kuti ali ndi 'ubongo wa majini' wapadera pa cholinga chimenecho.
Kodi ichi chimagwira ntchito bwanji ?
Mwachidule, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti tili ndi mtundu wa puloteni wotchedwa biosensors m'thupi lawo. Pakakhala chinthu chapoizoni m'madzi, mwachitsanzo lead, biosensor iyi imapita ndikugwirana ndi mamolekyu a lead. Kenako jini inayake m'thupi la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti imayatsidwa, ndipo leadyo imatulutsidwa m'thupi.
Chomwe ofufuzawo adachita chinali kutenga ma biosensor awa ndikusintha pang'ono kapangidwe ka DNA yawo. Mwa kusintha, adayatsa jini yomwe imatulutsa kuwala (kuwala) m'malo mwa jini yomwe imatulutsa poizoni ikakumana ndi poizoni ngati lead.
Kotero chomwe chimachitika tsopano ndi chakuti, mukawonjezera mapuloteni osinthidwa a DNA awa ku chitsanzo cha madzi, ngati pali poizoni m'madzi amenewo, amayamba kuwala. Pamene poizoni m'madzi akuwonjezeka, amawala kwambiri. Zili ngati matsenga!
Chidule cha ukadaulo wamakono
Zina mwa ukadaulo wamakono uwu womwe wapezeka ngati njira zothetsera vuto la madzi padziko lonse lapansi zafotokozedwa mwachidule mu tebulo ili m'munsimu.
| Ukadaulo | Momwe Zimagwirira Ntchito | Phindu Lofunika |
|---|---|---|
| Wokolola M'chipululu | Kugwiritsa ntchito mafelemu achitsulo-organic (MOFs) kuti atenge nthunzi ya madzi ngakhale kuchokera mumlengalenga wouma kwambiri ndikupanga madzi oyera. | Madzi akhoza kupangidwa kulikonse, popanda magetsi kapena zomangamanga zazikulu. |
| Chowunikira Poizoni wa Ubongo wa Bio-Brain | Ma biosensor a tizilombo tosinthidwa majini amawala pamene pali poizoni m'madzi. | Kutha kuyesa mwachangu komanso mosavuta chitetezo cha madzi. |
| Chotulutsira Chlorine Chosalakwitsa | Popanda magetsi, kusakaniza kokha kuchuluka koyenera kwa chlorine m'madzi pogwiritsa ntchito Venturi effect. | Chepetsani zolakwa za anthu ndipo yeretsani madzi nthawi zonse. |
| Chithandizo cha Madzi Odzidzimutsa | Kuchotsa zitsulo zolemera monga lead m'madzi kudzera mu electrodialysis. | Zitsulo zolemera zokha ndi zomwe zingachotsedwe popanda kuchotsa mchere wofunikira m'madzi. |
Mayankho ena odabwitsa
Makina a chlorine omwe sasiya malo olakwika
Chlorine ndi mankhwala amphamvu ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amapha majeremusi m'madzi. Koma zingakhale zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito bwino. Mukawonjezera mapiritsi a chlorine, nthawi zina mumatha kukhala ndi mapiritsi ambiri kapena ochepa. Monga yankho, ofufuza ku Tufts Institute of the Environment apanga chipangizo chosavuta chomwe chimagwira ntchito popanda magetsi .
Lili ndi magawo awiri. Bokosi laling'ono lomwe limalumikizidwa kumapeto kwa chitoliro cha madzi, ndi thanki yodzazidwa ndi chlorine yamadzimadzi. Madzi akamayenda mofulumira kudzera mu chitoliro, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kumapangidwa mkati mwa bokosi laling'onoli. Izi zimatchedwa Venturi effect . Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kumeneku, kuchuluka koyenera kwa chlorine kumatengedwa kokha kuchokera mu chitoliro cha chlorine ndikusakanizidwa ndi madzi. Mwanjira imeneyi, madzi nthawi zonse amakhala oyera, popanda cholakwika chilichonse cha anthu.
Njira yochotsera utovu pogwiritsa ntchito madzi 'odabwitsa'
Chifukwa cha vuto lalikulu la thanzi lomwe labwera chifukwa cha madzi ochokera mumzinda wa Flint ku America, gulu la asayansi ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) linapanga njira yatsopano yochotsera zitsulo zolemera m'madzi.
Anagwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa 'shock electrodialysis' . Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kulekanitsa zinyalala m'madzi. Lead ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri kuchotsa m'madzi chifukwa chimatha kumamatira kumakoma a zida mwanjira zina. Koma njira iyi imatha kuchotsa 95% ya lead popanda kuchotsa mchere wofunikira monga sodium m'madzi. Izi zimayeretsa madzi ndikusiya mchere womwe thupi limafunikira.
Ukadaulo wonsewu ukuwonetsa mphamvu ya sayansi ndi luso pothana ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe anthu akukumana nalo, vuto la madzi. Izi zithandiza kwambiri populumutsa anthu ku matenda oyambitsidwa ndi madzi odetsedwa ndikumanga tsogolo labwino. Chifukwa chake, ndi udindo wathu kumvetsetsa momwe madzi alili ofunika ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito mosamala.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi akukumana ndi mavuto aakulu chifukwa chosowa madzi abwino akumwa. Ili ndi vuto lalikulu la thanzi padziko lonse lapansi.
- Asayansi tsopano apeza ukadaulo watsopano wodabwitsa, monga kupanga madzi kuchokera mumlengalenga, kuzindikira mosavuta poizoni m'madzi, ndi kuyeretsa madzi popanda magetsi.
- Zitsanzo za izi zikuphatikizapo ukadaulo monga ma metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), biosensors, ndi shock electrodialysis.
- Zinthu zatsopanozi zikupereka chiyembekezo chachikulu choteteza thanzi la anthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kupewa matenda omwe amafalikira kudzera m'madzi odetsedwa.
- Ngati mukumva zizindikiro zilizonse chifukwa cha kumwa madzi oipitsidwa, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo kuti akupatseni malangizo.
Kuyeretsa madzi, madzi oyera, ukadaulo wa madzi, chilala, kusowa kwa madzi, zinthu zasayansi zomwe zapezeka, MOF
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