Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe ucinge, "Owu, umntwana wam akanakuhlala phantsi umzuzu nje omnye"? Uyabaleka, atsibe, akaphulaphuli into oyithethayo, kwaye akagqibi into ayiqalileyo. Xa ubona olu hlobo lokuziphatha kumntwana omncinci, abazali abaninzi bacinga ukuba oku kukuziphatha okubi okuqhelekileyo. Yinyani, ayizizo zonke izinto ezimbi ezisisifo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba le ndlela yokuziphatha iyaqhubeka kwaye ichaphazela imfundo yomntwana, ubudlelwane nabahlobo, kunye nobomi basekhaya, sifanele sikhathazeke kancinci. Kuba ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) .
Yintoni kanye kanye i-ADHD?
Ngamafutshane, i-ADHD yimeko yophuhliso lwemithambo-luvo echaphazela uphuhliso nokusebenza kwengqondo yomntwana. Asikuko ubuvila bomntwana okanye ityala labazali bakhe. Abantwana abanale meko banengxaki yokulawula ingqalelo yabo, ukuhlala begxile, nokwenza izinto ngokungxama.
Iimpawu ze-ADHD ebantwaneni zihlala zibonakala xa beqala isikolo, malunga neminyaka eyi-6-7. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantwana, ezi mpawu zinokubonwa kwangethuba, xa beneminyaka eyi-2-3 ubudala.
Kukho iindidi ezintathu eziphambili zeempawu ze -ADHD . Abanye abantwana banokuba neempawu ezivela kolunye lwezi ndidi, ngelixa abanye banokuba neempawu ezivela kwezi ndidi zimbini kunye. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na.
| Udidi lweempawu | Izinto onokuzibona kwindlela umntwana wakho aziphethe ngayo |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukungakhathali |
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| 2. Ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo |
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| 3. Ukungxama |
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Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayizizo zonke ezi mpawu ezikhoyo kumntwana ngamnye. Abanye abantwana banokuba ne-attention deficit disorder kuphela (eyayisakuba yi-ADD), abanye banokuba ne-hyperactivity kunye ne-impulsivity kuphela. Kodwa uninzi lune-integration yezi mpawu (Combined Type).
Ngaba ingqondo yomntwana one-ADHD yahlukile?
Ewe. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuyiqonda. Cinga ngengqondo yethu njengepolisa elilawula izithuthi kwisixeko esixakekileyo. Kwingqondo eqhelekileyo (ebizwa ngokuba yi- Neurotypical ngokwezonyango), eli polisa lithumela imiqondiso, lilawula izithuthi (oko kukuthi, iingcinga nezenzo zethu), kwaye lenza yonke into ihambe kakuhle nangexesha.
Kodwa engqondweni yomntwana one-ADHD, eli "polisa lendlela" aliphumli. Ngamanye amaxesha ingqalelo yakhe iyaphazamiseka, ezinye iimpawu azisebenzi kakuhle, ezinye iimoto zihamba phambili zingami xa zixelelwa ukuba zime. Yingakho aba bantwana benengxaki yokuhlala begxile, ukulawula iimvakalelo zabo, ukucwangcisa, kunye nokuhlela.
Sifanele siye kugqirha nini?
Musa ukoyika into yokuba umntwana wakho unenye okanye ezimbini kwezi mpawu zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana babe neentlondi baze bangakwazi ukunikel’ ingqalelo ixesha elide xa besebancinci.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubona ezi zinto, ngokuqinisekileyo thetha nogqirha:
- Ukuba ezi ndlela zokuziphatha ziqhubeka ixesha elingaphezu kweenyanga ezi-6 .
- Ukuba ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zibonwa kwiindawo ezimbini nangaphezulu (umz. ekhaya nasesikolweni).
- Ukuba oku kuyaphazamisa umsebenzi wesikolo womntwana, ubudlelwane bakhe nabahlobo bakhe, kunye nobomi bosapho lwakhe .
Ugqirha wakho wosapho (GP) unokumhlola umntwana wakho ukuze abone ukuba kukho ezinye izizathu zezi mpawu (umz. iingxaki zokuva okanye ukubona, ezinye iingxaki zokufunda). Ukuba kuyimfuneko, uza kukuthumela kwingcali, efana nogqirha wengqondo yabantwana okanye ingcali yengqondo .
Ngaba utitshala angakwazi ukufumanisa i-ADHD?
Rhoqo, umntu wokuqala ukubona iimpawu ze-ADHD emntwaneni ngutitshala wesikolo. Kuba umntwana uchitha uninzi losuku eklasini. Ukuba kukho umahluko kwindlela aziphethe ngayo lo mntwana xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abantwana abaneminyaka efanayo, utitshala uya kukubona ngokulula oko. Utitshala angakuxelela ngako.
Kodwa khumbula, utitshala akanakukwazi ukufumanisa i-ADHD. Ngugqirha ofanelekileyo kuphela onokwenza loo nto. Nangona kunjalo, izinto eziqwalaselweyo kunye neengxelo zotitshala zibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni uxilongo.
Unyango kunye nendlela yokunceda umntwana?
I-ADHD ayisosifo esinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo, kodwa sisifo esilawulekayo. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo nokulawulwa, umntwana unokuphila ubomi obonwabisayo nobunempumelelo.
Iindlela zonyango ngokubanzi zahlulwe zibe ziinxalenye ezimbini:
1. Unyango Lokuziphatha: Ingcali yezengqondo okanye umcebisi ufundisa abazali nabantwana indlela yokulawula ezi ndlela zokuziphatha. Oku kuquka izinto ezifana nendlela yokucwangcisa imisebenzi, indlela yokulawula iimvakalelo, kunye nendlela yokwakha ubudlelwane bezentlalo.
2. Amayeza: Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ingcali ingakunika amayeza alungelelanisa iikhemikhali ezikwingqondo (ii-neurotransmitters). La mayeza anokunceda kakhulu ekulawuleni ingqalelo kunye nomsebenzi womntwana. Musa ukoyika ngokungeyomfuneko la mayeza. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngokukhululekileyo ngaloo nto.
Oko unokukwenza njengomzali
- Sebenzisana nesikolo:Hlala unxibelelana notitshala. Thetha ngenkqubela yomntwana wakho. Sebenzisa imithetho efanayo yoqeqesho kunye nenkqubo yemivuzo ekhaya nasesikolweni. Umzekelo, utitshala angazoba inkwenkwezi encwadini xa umntwana esenza umsebenzi olungileyo. Ekhaya, ungamnika umntwana isipho esincinci ngaloo nani leenkwenkwezi.
- Yenza ucwangciso oluhambelanayo: Yenza ucwangciso oluhambelanayo lwezinto ezifana nexesha lokutya, ixesha lokudlala, ixesha lokulala, kunye nexesha lomsebenzi wesikolo. Yinto entle kakhulu kumntwana.
- Nika imiyalelo ngokulula: Musa ukunika imiyalelo emininzi ngaxeshanye, yinike nganye ngexesha, ngokulula nangokucacileyo.
- Khuthaza umntwana wakho: Endaweni yokugxila kwiimpazamo zomntwana wakho, mncome nezinto ezincinci azenzayo kakuhle. Oku kwakha ukuzithemba komntwana.
- Lumka: Funda nge-ADHD, funda ngayo. Yazi ukuba awuwedwa kolu hambo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, thetha nabanye abazali abanabantwana abanjengale.
Ukukhulisa umntwana one-ADHD kunokuba ngumceli mngeni, kodwa ngomonde, uthando, nolwazi olufanelekileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo ungayoyisa le ngxaki.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD ayilotyala lomntwana okanye labazali. Yingxaki yokwenyani yempilo.
- Akuzona zonke iindlela zokuziphatha ezingalunganga ezibizwa ngokuba yi-ADHD, kodwa ukuba iyaqhubeka nokuphazamisa ubomi bomntwana bemihla ngemihla, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.
- Kufuneka kudityanwe nogqirha wezifo zabantwana okanye ugqirha wengqondo wabantwana ukuze kufunyanwe isifo esifanelekileyo kunye nonyango.
- Ngonyango olufanelekileyo (ukuziphatha kunye namayeza) kunye nolawulo, i-ADHD inokulawulwa ngempumelelo kwaye umntwana unokuxhaswa ngokupheleleyo ukuba aphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobonwabisayo.
- Ngeli xesha lohambo, kubalulekile ekukhuleni komntwana ukuba abazali, oogqirha, kunye nootitshala besikolo basebenzisane njengeqela.
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