Umntwana wakho wayengumntu okrwada kakhulu xa wayesemncinci, kodwa njengoko wayekhula, ingakumbi njengoko wayekhula, ngaba ukhe waphawula utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela yakhe yokuziphatha? Ngaba ngequbuliso uphoswa ngumsebenzi wesikolo, ashiye iincwadi zakhe kuyo yonke indawo, aze azive engacwangciswanga kwaye engakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye? Ezi azizo nje iindlela zokuziphatha ezimbi, mhlawumbi kukho ingxaki yokungakhathali emva koku, okanye mhlawumbi kukho imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) esiye sayiva sonke. Masithethe ngale nto ngendlela enobuhlobo namhlanje.
Ziziphi iimpawu ze-ADHD kubantu abancinci?
I-ADHD idla ngokubakho ukususela ebuntwaneni. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ukhula, iimpawu zinokuba nzima okanye zibonakale ngakumbi ngenxa yotshintsho lweehomoni emzimbeni, umsebenzi wesikolo owandileyo, kunye nemisebenzi yangaphandle kwesikolo.
Ngamafutshane, kukho iimpawu eziphambili ezininzi.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuphazanyiswa | Nokuba ingxolo incinci ingakuphazamisa ngelixa usebenza. Izinto ezifana nokujonga ngefestile eklasini okanye ukuphazanyiswa yifowuni yakho ngelixa ufunda ekhaya. |
| Ukungalungelelani | Igumbi lixakekile. Andikwazi kufumana iincwadi zam okanye umsebenzi wesikolo ebhegini yam yesikolo. Andinasicwangciso sokugqiba umsebenzi wam ngexesha. |
| Ukugxila kakubi | Kunzima ukuhlala kumsebenzi omnye ixesha elide. Uyadinwa nguwo emva kwexesha elithile. Nokuba uqala umsebenzi wesikolo, awuwugqibi. |
| Ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo | Ukungakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye. Ukuhlala ushukuma, ushukuma, uphakama esitulweni. Njengenjini. |
| Ukungxama | Basebenza ngaphandle kokucinga. Bayasokola ukuphendula umbuzo ngaphambi kokuba utitshala agqibe. Bayabaphazamisa abanye ngelixa bethetha. |
I-ADHD ibuchaphazela njani ubomi bomntwana?
Le meko inokuchaphazela iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bomntwana.
Ubomi besikolo
Iingxaki zokungakhathali zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimpumelelo yezifundo. Amanqaku aqala ukwehla , ingakumbi ukuba umntwana akafumani unyango olufanelekileyo. Ukulibala umsebenzi wesikolo, ukulahlekelwa ziincwadi, kunye nokudinwa eklasini zonke ezi zinto zixhaphakile.
Khawuthelekelele, xa utitshala efundisa, ingqondo yomntwana ikwenye indawo. Okanye uyasokola ukuphendula engalindelanga ithuba lakhe. Oku kuyamphazamisa utitshala kunye nabanye abantwana. Ngenxa yezi zinto, ubuchule bomntwana buyancitshiswa, amanqaku akhe kwiimviwo ayancitshiswa, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba angabandakanywa kumaqela ezemidlalo nakumaqela abahlobo.
Ukuziphatha okunobungozi kunye neengozi
Le yinto exhalabisayo. Abantwana abancinci abane-ADHD basengozini enkulu yeengozi.
Ukuqhuba, ngokukodwa, kuyingozi enkulu . Izifundo zibonise ukuba abantwana abancinci abane-ADHD banamathuba amabini ukuya kwamane okuba sengozini yemoto kunabantwana abangenayo le meko. Oku kungenxa yokuba banomdla wokuzibeka emngciphekweni ngaphandle kokucinga ngemiphumo, kwaye benza izigqibo ezingavuthwanga .
Kodwa kukho iindaba ezimnandi. Izifundo zibonise ukuba abantwana abasela amayeza abo ngendlela efanelekileyo banokunciphisa umngcipheko wezi ngozi.
Kwakhona, abantwana abane-ADHD basengozini enkulu yokusebenzisa kakubi utywala neziyobisi . Ngoko ke, ukunika umntwana unyango olufanelekileyo kunokumsindisa kwiingxaki ezinkulu ezinokuvela kwixesha elizayo. Xa uthetha nomntwana wakho ngokuqhuba, thetha ngokucacileyo ngezi ngozi kunye neengozi zokusebenzisa ifowuni ngelixa uqhuba.
Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunyanga oku?
Nangona kukho izimvo ezahlukeneyo malunga nonyango lwe-ADHD, iziphumo ezilungileyo zihlala zifumaneka ngokudibanisa iindlela ezimbini: unyango lokuziphatha kunye namayeza.
Iingcali zithi malunga ne-80% yabantwana ababenikwa amayeza e-ADHD besengabantwana baya kuqhubeka befuna amayeza xa sele bebadala.
Amayeza anokwahlulwa abe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lweziyobisi | Imizekelo | Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi |
|---|---|---|
| Amayeza Okukhuthazayo | Amayeza afana neMethylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta), Dextroamphetamine (Adderall), Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse). | Ezi zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ziyandisa ingqalelo kunye nokuphaphama. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nokungalali, ukucaphuka, kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya. |
| Amayeza Angavuseleliyo | Amayeza anjenge-Atomoxetine (Strattera), iGuanfacine (Intuniv), kunye neClonidine (Kapvay). | Ezi zinomngcipheko omncinci wokulutha. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga nazo zahlukile kwezinye iintlobo. Ezi zinokuba zifanelekile ngakumbi kubantwana abanembali yokusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi. |
Okubaluleke kakhulu, onke la mayeza kufuneka anikwe kuphela phantsi kweliso likagqirha ofanelekileyo. Ukunika amayeza angaphezu komlinganiselo ocetyisiweyo kunokuba nemiphumo emibi emntwaneni, kuquka iingxaki zempilo yengqondo kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi.
Ukongeza, kukho ezinye iindlela zonyango ezifana nokutshintsha ukutya, izongezo zesondlo ezifana ne-Omega-3, kunye nezixhobo zanamhlanje ezivuselela umsebenzi wobuchopho (ezifana neMonarch External Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation (eTNS) System). Xoxa ngezi zinto nogqirha wakho uze wenze izigqibo.
Unganceda njani njengomzali?
Umntwana ophila ne-ADHD udinga uthando lwakho, inkxaso, kunye nokuqonda. Nazi ezinye zezinto onokuzenza.
- Misela imithetho ecacileyo kunye neenkqubo: Misela inkqubo eqhubekayo yezinto ezifana nokuqala usuku, amaxesha okutya , kunye namaxesha okulala. Kukwangumbono olungileyo ukuyibhala phantsi kwindawo apho umntwana wakho anokuyibona khona.
- Nceda umbutho:Nceda ugcine umsebenzi wesikolo kunye neencwadi zicwangcisiwe. Yiba nendawo ebekelwe yonke into. Sebenzisa uluhlu lwezinto oza kuzithatha ekhaya xa uvela esikolweni ekupheleni kosuku.
- Yakha ukuzithemba komntwana wakho: Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba enze into ayenza kakuhle (njengemidlalo, umculo, ubugcisa). Mncome nangezinto ezincinci ezintle azenzayo.
- Hlala uzolile: Nokuba kufuneka umohlwaye umntwana wakho, thetha ngoxolo ungabi nomsindo. Ungumzekelo omhle kumntwana wakho.
- Nxibelelana nootitshala: Thetha nootitshala ngemeko yomntwana wakho esikolweni kwaye ucele inkxaso yabo.
- Lala kakuhle: Cima iTV, iifowuni, kunye nemidlalo yevidiyo ngaphambi kokuba ulale. Ukulala kakuhle kubalulekile ekulawuleni i-ADHD.
Ungamnceda njani umntwana wakho ukuba azimele xa sele ekhulile?
Njengoko umntwana ekhula, kufuneka afundiswe ukulawula imeko yakhe aze azimele.
- Nika umsebenzi: Bafundise ukuzenzela izinto, njengokusela amayeza abo ngexesha kwaye bawagcwalise ngaphambi kokuba aphele.
- Beka imida: Musa ukuphazamisa yonke into, vumela umntwana wakho abe ngumntu wakhe. Mxelele ukuba ukhona xa efuna uncedo, kodwa mvumele azenzele izigqibo zakhe.
- Khuthaza uncedo lobuchwephesha: Mhlawumbi khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba afune uncedo lomqeqeshi wobomi okanye umcebisi onceda abantu abaphila ne-ADHD.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD ayisiyonto nje yokuziphatha kakubi okanye ubuvila emntwaneni, kodwa yimeko yokwenyani yempilo.
- Le meko inokwenziwa mandundu kukutshintsha kwamahomoni kunye nokwanda kwemithwalo yemfanelo ngexesha lokufikisa.
- Unyango olufanelekileyo (unyango lokuziphatha kunye namayeza) lunokunceda kakhulu ekuncedeni umntwana aphumelele ebomini.
- Njengabazali, uthando lwenu, inkxaso, umonde, kunye nendawo eniqeqeshayo eniyidalayo ekhaya zibaluleke kakhulu kumntwana wenu.
- Ngaphambi kokuba wenze naziphi na izigqibo, thetha nogqirha womntwana wakho rhoqo. Landela icebiso lakhe.
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