Xa umntwana wakho efunyaniswe ene-ADHD, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva exinezelekile kwaye edidekile . "Ndenze ntoni ngoku?", "Ngaba umntwana wam uza kuba ngcono?", "Ngaba ndifuna amayeza?" yimibuzo yonke efika engqondweni. Musa ukukhathazeka. I-ADHD yimeko elawulekayo. Ngesicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo, umntwana wakho angenza ngcono kakhulu esikolweni, nabahlobo, nasekhaya.
Ngamafutshane, i-ADHD ineempawu ezintathu eziphambili: ukungakhathali, ukungabi namdla, kunye nokusebenza kakhulu. Injongo yonyango kukulawula ezi mpawu nokwenza ubomi bomntwana wakho bube lula. Kodwa khumbula, ayingomntwana ngamnye ofanayo. Okusebenza komnye umntu kusenokungasebenzi komnye. Ngoko ke kungathatha ixesha ukufumana isicwangciso sonyango esisebenza kumntwana wakho. Umonde ubalulekile.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-ADHD?
Nje ukuba umntwana wakho afunyaniswe ene-ADHD, ungasebenzisana nogqirha womntwana wakho ukuze uyile isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuye. Oku kungabandakanya umxube wezinto ezininzi:
- Amayeza ( amayeza )
- Unyango lokuziphatha
- Ingcebiso
- Iinkonzo zemfundo (inkxaso efunyanwa esikolweni)
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
Kungathatha ixesha ukufumana indibaniselwano efanelekileyo yazo zonke ezi zinto. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba nangona ezi ndlela zonyango zinokunciphisa kakhulu iimpawu ze-ADHD, azinakuzinyanga ngokupheleleyo. Yinto ekufuneka siyilawule kwaye siphile nayo.
Amayeza e-ADHD
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-ADHD . Masijonge nganye nganye ngokwahlukeneyo.
Amayeza Okuvuselelayo
La ngamayeza aqhelekileyo anikwa abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abancinci abane-ADHD. Aye asetyenziswa amashumi eminyaka, ngoko ke kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuba ayasebenza. Izifundo zibonise ukuba xa umntwana efumene amayeza avuselelayo kunye nedosi efanelekileyo, ama-80% abantwana bafumana ukwehla kweempawu . Yiyo loo nto oogqirha bedla ngokuzama olu hlobo lwamayeza kuqala. Angasetyenziswa kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-6 ubudala.
Ezi zibizwa ngokuba "zii-stimulants." La mayeza anyusa amanqanaba e-dopamine kunye ne-norepinephrine engqondweni.Oku kungenxa yokuba kunyusa amanqanaba ee-neurotransmitters ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurotransmitters. Ezi khemikhali zinceda umntwana ukuba agxile, ahlale egxile, kwaye alawule ukuziphatha ngokungxama.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezixhobo zokuvuselela :
1. I-short-acting: Ezi zisebenza iiyure ezimalunga nezi-4 kuphela. Ngoko ke kufuneka uzithathe kabini okanye kathathu ngemini. Xa amandla edosi enye ehla, ingqalelo yomntwana kunye neemvakalelo zakhe zinokwehla ngequbuliso.
2. Ezisebenza ixesha elide: Ezi zihlala iiyure ezi-6-8, ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezili-16. Zinceda ukugcina imeko yomntwana ihambelana imini yonke.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Abanye abantwana akufuneki banikwe amayeza okuvuselela umzimba. Umzekelo, anokuba yingozi kumntwana onesifo sentliziyo. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba unike amayeza, kufuneka ucacise kakuhle imbali yempilo yomntwana wakho neyentsapho yakho kugqirha. Ukuba kukho imbali yentsapho yesifo sentliziyo, ugqirha unokuyalela uvavanyo lwe-EKG (electrocardiogram) .
Amayeza Angavuseleliyo
Ukuba izinto ezivuselelayo zibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi kumntwana wakho okanye ukuba azisebenzi kakuhle, oogqirha baya kutshintshela kwizinto ezingezizo ezivuselelayo. Ezi zinomngcipheko omncinci wokuba likhoboka. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha unokumnika into evuselelayo kunye nento engavuselelayo.
La mayeza athatha ixesha ukuqala ukusebenza. Usenokungaboni mahluko mkhulu kangangeeveki ezi-3-4. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zedosi enye zihlala malunga neeyure ezingama-24. Ezinye ze-non-stimulants ezivunyiweyo zezi:
- I-Atomoxetine (iStrattera)
- I-Viloxazine (Qelbree)
- I-Clonidine ER (iKapvay)
- I-Guanfacine ER (Intuniv)
I-Atomoxetine kunye neViloxazine zombini zii-antidepressants. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana wakho une-ADHD kwaye unexhala okanye uxinezeleko, ezi zinokuba lukhetho olufanelekileyo. I-Clonidine kunye ne-Guanfacine ngamayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Ezi zinokunceda ukulawula ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo komntwana wakho kunye nokuziphatha ngokungxama.
| Uhlobo lweziyobisi | Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| Izinto ezikhuthazayo (umz. Ritalin, Concerta, Adderall) |
|
| Izinto ezingezizo ezivuselelayo (umz. iStrattera, i-Intuniv) | |
| Kubalulekile: Ukuba ukhathazekile ngemiphumo emibi, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza. | |
Ngaba amayeza odwa anele? Hayi, unyango lokuziphatha luyafuneka!
Nangona amayeza enokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu ze-ADHD, unyango lokuziphatha lubalulekile ukunceda umntwana wakho aphuhlise iindlela zakhe zokuziphatha, izakhono zentlalo, kunye nokukwazi ukulawula imisebenzi yakhe. Oku kubandakanya ukumfundisa ukuziphatha okuhle kunye nokuphelisa ukuziphatha okunengxaki.
- Kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-6 ubudala: Kucetyiswa ukuba abazali bafumane uqeqesho lwabazali malunga nokulawula ukuziphatha kwabo ngaphambi kokuba banike amayeza. Abantwana abakule minyaka banamathuba amaninzi okuba nemiphumo emibi evela kumayeza.
- Kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kwemithandathu ubudala: Kucetyiswa ukuba kudityaniswe amayeza, unyango lokuziphatha, inkxaso yesikolo, kunye noqeqesho lwabazali.
Ngamafutshane, amayeza amalunga nokudala indawo yokufunda ezolileyo yengqondo yomntwana. Unyango lokuziphatha lumalunga nokusebenzisa elo thuba nokufundisa umntwana izakhono azidingayo ebomini.
Izinto esinokuzenza ekhaya (utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila)
Ukongeza kwisicwangciso sonyango, zininzi izinto onokuzenza ekhaya eziya kunika umntwana wakho isiqabu esikhulu.
1. Banike ubuthongo obuhle
Kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana abane-ADHD babe neengxaki zokulala. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezinokunceda:
- Ziqhelise ukulala nokuvuka ngexesha elifanayo yonke imihla .
- Cima zonke izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezifana neTV, ifowuni, ikhompyutha, kunye nemidlalo yevidiyo ubuncinane iyure ngaphambi kokuba ulale.
- Nciphisa ukubaleka nokutsiba ngaphambi kokuba ulale.
2. Ukutya okunempilo
- Malunga nentsimbi yesi-3 kusasaNika isidlo esincinci. Oku kuya kunceda ukugcina amazinga eswekile egazini ehambelana, okwenza kube lula ukuhlala ugxile.
- Nika ukutya okuneproteni eninzi njengobisi, amaqanda, kunye namandongomane, kunye neziqhamo, imifuno, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo (iicarbohydrate ezintsonkothileyo).
- Nika iintlanzi ezifana nesalmon kunye netuna, ezityebileyo kwi -omega-3 fatty acids, kunye namaqanda kunye nobisi oluqiniswe yi-omega-3. Izifundo zibonise ukuba ezi zinto zinokunceda ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kakhulu.
3. Ukuzilolonga kunye nokudlala ngaphandle
- Nika umntwana wakho umthambo owaneleyo yonke imihla. Oku kwandisa ixesha lokuqwalasela njengoko kuvelisa iikhemikhali zobuchopho.
- Izinto ezinje ngokudanisa, ijimnastiki, kunye nekarati zilungele abantwana abane-ADHD kuba zifuna ukugxila kunye nokuziqeqesha.
- Vumela ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 yokudlala ngaphandle, ngokwendalo ngosuku. Uphando lubonise ukuba oku kunokunciphisa iimpawu ze-ADHD.
4. Iindlela zokuxhasa umntwana
- Yenza ucwangciso oluhambelanayo: Gcina amaxesha okutya, ixesha lomsebenzi wesikolo, ixesha lokudlala, kunye nexesha lokulala ngokulandelelana okufanayo.
- Nika imiyalelo ecacileyo: Xa uxelela umntwana wakho ukuba enze into ethile, thetha kancinci kwaye ucacise. Musa ukunika imisebenzi emininzi ngaxeshanye.
- Mncome umntwana wakho: Abantwana abane-ADHD badla ngokumamela xa begxekwa. Ngoko ke mncome nangezinto ezincinci ezintle abazenzayo, ngokuthi “Kulungile kakhulu” okanye “Wenze kakuhle.” Oku kwakha ukuzithemba kwabo.
- Ukuqeqesha ngoxolo: Ukumthethisa nokumbetha umntwana akuyi kunceda, ingakumbi kumntwana one-ADHD. Xa umntwana eziphethe kakubi, kungcono ukulimisa okwethutyana ilungelo (njengokubukela iTV) (ukuphuma okanye ukususwa kwamalungelo).
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD ayilotyala lomntwana okanye ityala lakho. Yimeko yempilo enokulawulwa.
- Unyango luhambo olunzima. Kungathatha ixesha ukufumana isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo somntwana wakho. Yiba nomonde.
- Amayeza odwa awanelanga. Unyango lokuziphatha kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila zizinto ezibalulekileyo kakhulu kolu hambo.
- Hlala unxibelelana nogqirha wakho rhoqo. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo ngamayeza, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kunye nenkqubela phambili yomntwana wakho.
- Xabisa nezinto ezintle ezincinci ezenziwa ngumntwana wakho. Uthando lwakho, inkxaso yakho, kunye nomonde wakho zezona pilisi zibalaseleyo umntwana wakho anokuzifumana.
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