Ngaba umntwana wakho uhlala egungqa ngaphandle kokuhlala kwindawo enye? Ngaba utitshala uhlala ekhalaza ngokuba akanikeli ngqalelo eklasini? Okanye uqala into emva kwenye engawugqibanga umsebenzi wakhe? Njengomzali, xa ubona izinto ezinje, mhlawumbi uziva uxhalabile kakhulu kwaye unentliziyo enzima. Enyanisweni, oku akulotyala lomntwana, kwaye akulotyala lakho ekumkhuliseni. Namhlanje sithetha nge-ADHD, imeko ebonisa iimpawu ezinjalo kwaye ixhaphakile ebantwaneni.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-ADHD?
I-ADHD imele i-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder . NgesiSinhala, ithetha 'ukungakwazi ukunikel' ingqalelo kunye nesifo sokungakwazi ukusebenza kakhulu'. Le yimeko enxulumene nokusebenza kwengqondo. Oku kunokuchaphazela amandla omntu okunikel' ingqalelo, ukuhlala egxile, kunye nokulawula indlela aziphatha ngayo.
Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci nakubantu abadala abancinci, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokuqhubeka de kube mdala. Idla ngokuqatshelwa okokuqala xa umntwana eqala isikolo, xa enengxaki yokugxila kumsebenzi wesikolo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-ADHD ayinakuthintelwa okanye inganyangeki ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ngokufunyaniswa kwangoko kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nesicwangciso sokufundisa, wena okanye umntwana wakho ninokulawula iimpawu zesi sifo kakuhle kwaye niphile ubomi obuphumelelayo.
Iintlobo kunye neempawu ze-ADHD ezibonwa ebantwaneni
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-ADHD ezinokubonwa ebantwaneni. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na kwaye zithini iimpawu zazo.
| Uhlobo lwe-ADHD | Iimpawu ezibonisa |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo lokungakhathali |
|
| Uhlobo olusebenzisa amandla kakhulu | |
| Uhlobo oludibeneyo | Aba bantwana babonakalisa iimpawu zazo zombini ezi ntlobo, ezizezi: ukungakwazi ukunikel’ ingqalelo kunye nokusebenza kakhulu. Olu hlobo luxutyiweyo lolona luxhaphakileyo. |
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-ADD kunye ne-ADHD?
Abanye abantu basasebenzisa igama elithi ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder). Elo yayiligama lokuqala lale meko. Kamva, igama elithi hyperactivity longezwa kwigama laza igama latshintshwa laba yi-ADHD. Ngoko ke, la magama mabini abhekisa kwimeko efanayo.
Ngaba iimpawu ze-ADHD zahlukile kubantu abadala?
Ewe, iimpawu ze-ADHD zinokutshintsha njengoko sikhula. Abantu abadala banokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:
- Uhlala ufika emva kwexesha okanye ulibale izinto.
- Ukungazinzi , ukungakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye.
- Ubunzima bokulawula umsindo.
- Ukwenza izigqibo ngokungxama, ngaphandle kokucinga.
- Ubunzima bokuhlela umsebenzi.
- Ukucinga ngaphambi kokuba usebenze.
- Kulula ukucaphuka.
- Ukudinwa rhoqo.
- Ubunzima bokugxila xa ufunda incwadi okanye iphephandaba.
- Ukutshintsha kweemvakalelo ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Uxinzelelo.
Ezi mpawu zinokubangela iingxaki emsebenzini nakubudlelwane bomntu.
Zithini izizathu ze-ADHD?
Iingcali azikayazi kakuhle into ebangela i-ADHD, kodwa uphando lubonise ukuba inezakhi zofuzo.Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onayo le meko, nawe unokuba nayo. Ukongeza, ezi zinto zilandelayo zomngcipheko nazo zinokudlala indima:
- Ukuba bekukho ingozi engqondweni.
- Ukuba umama wayetshaya okanye esela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukuba wazalwa unobunzima obuphantsi okanye ngaphambi kwexesha.
- Ukuba wawuchatshazelwe ziikhemikhali ezinobungozi ezifana nelothe ebuntwaneni okanye esibelekweni.
Ifunyaniswa njani i-ADHD?
I-ADHD, ingakumbi ebantwaneni, kunzima ukuyixilonga. Ayinakuxilonga ngovavanyo olunye. Oogqirha bayixilonga i-ADHD ngokuthetha nomntwana, abazali, kunye nootitshala malunga neempawu zayo ixesha elide, nangokujonga indlela umntwana aziphethe ngayo.
Kule meko, ugqirha uqwalasela oku kulandelayo:
- Zingaphi iimpawu onazo wena okanye umntwana wakho kwaye zingakanani ixesha ezibonakala ngalo.
- Ukuthintela ezinye iimeko (umz., ukudakumba, ixhala, isifo se-thyroid) ezinokubangela ezi mpawu.
- Ngamanye amaxesha iingxaki zokubona, ukuva, okanye ezinye iimvakalelo zinokubangela iimpawu ezifana ne-ADHD. Ngoko ke ugqirha angenza uvavanyo lomzimba kunye novavanyo lwemithambo-luvo.
- Uvavanyo oluvavanya izinto ezinje ngobukrelekrele, izakhono, kunye neempawu zobuntu ngamanye amaxesha lunokucetyiswa.
Le nkqubo yokuxilonga kufuneka yenziwe ngugqirha wezifo zabantwana okanye ugqirha wengqondo onamava kwi-ADHD.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-ADHD?
Xa kunyangwa i-ADHD, ayilondlela enye kuphela, kodwa kudityaniswe iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango.
| Udidi lonyango | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Unyango lwabantwana | |
| Unyango Lokuziphatha |
|
| Amayeza | |
| Unyango lwabantu abadala | |
| Unyango |
|
| Amayeza | Njengasebantwaneni, ugqirha angakunika izinto ezivuselelayo kunye nezinto ezingavuseleliyo. |
| Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila | Ukuzilolonga rhoqo, ukulala ngokwaneleyo, kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo kubaluleke kakhulu. |
Iindlela zokwenza ubomi bube lula nge-ADHD
Ukongeza kunyango lwezonyango, utshintsho oluthile kwindlela ophila ngayo wena nomntwana wakho lunokunceda kakhulu ekulawuleni iimpawu ze-ADHD.
- Isondlo:Yitya ukutya okunesondlo okuneproteni eninzi kunye nefayibha kunye neswekile encinci. Khetha ukutya kwendalo kunokutya okucutshungulwayo. Sela amanzi amaninzi, njengoko ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunokuchaphazela ukuxinana komzimba.
- Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzilolonga rhoqo kuphucula ukugxila, kunciphisa ukucaphuka, kwaye kuphucula imo yengqondo.
- Ukulala: Ukungalali kakuhle kunokwenza iimpawu ze-ADHD zibe mandundu ngakumbi. Abantwana badinga iiyure ezili-9-13 zokulala ngosuku, abantwana abancinci badinga iiyure ezisi-8-10, kwaye abantu abadala badinga iiyure ezisi-7-9.
- Uxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo lunokwenza iimpawu zibe mandundu ngakumbi. Izinto ezifana neyoga, ukucamngca, kunye nokuzilolonga ngokuphefumla nzulu zinokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo.
- Izongezo: Kukho ubungqina bokuba i-omega-3s, efumaneka kwioyile yeentlanzi, inokunceda kwiimpawu ze-ADHD. Nangona kunjalo, ezi azisebenzi njengamayeza kagqirha. Qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise naziphi na izongezo.
Oko abazali banokukwenza ukunceda umntwana wabo
- Nciphisa izinto eziphazamisayo, ezifana namathoyizi, kwigumbi lomntwana wakho kwaye uligcine licocekile.
- Gcina inkqubo ecacileyo kunye nemithetho emiselweyo.
- Xa unika imiyalelo, yinike ngokulula, ngokucacileyo, kwaye ibe nye ngexesha. Endaweni yokuthi, "Lungiselelani isikolo," yahlulahlulwe ibe ziingceba, njengokuthi, "Hlamba amazinyo akho. Nxiba ngoku."
- Mvuze kwaye ukhuthaze ukuziphatha kakuhle komntwana wakho.
- Yakha ukuzithemba komntwana wakho. Basenokuziva bengento yanto kuba besoloko begxekwa. Ngoko ke mncome umntwana wakho ngamandla akhe .
- Khuthaza italente ekhethekileyo yomntwana wakho (ezemidlalo, ubugcisa).
- Hlala unxibelelana rhoqo nogqirha womntwana wakho, ootitshala, kunye neengcali zonyango.
Ukuphila ne-ADHD njengomntu omdala
- Sebenzisa uluhlu kunye nabacwangcisi ukugcina izinto ezifana nomsebenzi wakho kunye neendibano zakho zicwangcisiwe.
- Yahlulahlula imisebenzi emikhulu ibe ziinxalenye uze uyenze kancinci kancinci.
- Khetha indawo ezolileyo engenaziphazamiso zininzi xa usebenza.
- Yenza umsebenzi omnye ngexesha. Wugqibezele, thatha ikhefu elifutshane, uze uqhubekele kumsebenzi olandelayo.
- Ukuba uqinisekile, thetha nosapho lwakho, abahlobo, kunye nabantu osebenza nabo ngemeko yakho. Inkxaso yabo iya kuba ngumthombo omkhulu wamandla.
- Musa ukuthandabuza ukucela uncedo xa lufuneka.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD ayilohlobo lokuziphatha kakubi okanye ukuba nenkani komntwana, yimeko yokwenyani yempilo enxulumene nokusebenza kwengqondo.
- Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-ADHD, inyathelo lokuqala kukubona ugqirha ofanelekileyo, endaweni yokuqikelela.
- Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nesicwangciso sonyango zibalulekile. Unyango luyindibaniselwano yamayeza, unyango, kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila.
- Ngonyango olufanelekileyo nenkxaso, abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abane-ADHD banokuphila ubomi obunempumelelo nobonwabisayo.
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