Ngaba utywala bubangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo? Masifunde nge-Dementia enxulumene notywala!

Ngaba wena okanye umntu omaziyo usela utywala kakhulu? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uyazilibala izinto, uze wenze imisebenzi eyayilula ngoku ibonakala inzima? Ukuba kunjalo, le yinto endicinga ukuba iya kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Namhlanje sithetha ngomonakalo obangelwa kukusela utywala kakhulu engqondweni yethu kunye nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo okubangelwa kuko (i-Alcohol-Related Dementia) .

Yintoni i-Dementia enxulumene notywala?

Ngamafutshane, i-Alcohol-Related Dementia luhlobo lwe-dementia oluvela xa ingqondo yakho yonakaliswa kukusela kakhulu iminyaka emininzi. Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yi-"Alcohol-Induced Dementia" okanye "Alcoholic Dementia", kodwa loo magama aphelelwe lixesha.

Eyona nto ingcono kukuba ukuba uyeka ukusela, ukusebenza kwengqondo yakho kunokuphucula ngandlela ithile. Oko kuthetha ukuba nangona isenokungalungiseki ngokupheleleyo, ingayithintela imeko ukuba ibe mandundu.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nobungakanani botywala obuselayo. Musa ukuba neentloni ukucela uncedo ukuba unengxaki yokuyeka. Ukusebenzisa utywala sisifo, asingomntu ombi. Kukho unyango lwaso.

Yintoni Umonakalo Wengqondo Onxulumene Notywala (i-ARBD)?

Umonakalo wobuchopho onxulumene notywala (ARBD) lulo naluphi na uhlobo lomonakalo engqondweni olubangelwa kukusebenzisa utywala ngokugqithisileyo. Isifo sengqondo esibangelwa butywala lolona hlobo lubi kakhulu lwe-ARBD.

Utywala busenokungabi yingxaki ukuba busetyenziswa ngokulinganisela. Nangona kunjalo, okukhona usela kakhulu, kokukhona usela kakhulu, kwaye okukhona usela kakhulu , kokukhona umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-ARBD uyanda.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esibangelwa butywala?

Iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esibangelwa butywala zifana kancinci nezo zezinye iintlobo zesifo sengqondo esibangelwa butywala. Ekuqaleni, unokufumana izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo : Ungalibala amagama, ubuso, kunye neziganeko. Ungalibala zombini iziganeko zakutshanje (inkumbulo yexesha elifutshane) kunye neziganeko zexesha elide (inkumbulo yexesha elide).
• Ubunzima ngemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla : Nemisebenzi elula efana nokulima igadi ayibalulekanga, kwaye ukwenza izigqibo kuba nzima.
• Ubunzima bokugxila: Kunzima ukuhlala ucinga ngento enye.
• Iingxaki zolwimi : Usenokusebenzisa amagama angalunganga xa uthetha, okanye usenokulingeka ukuba uthethe kancinci kunangaphambili.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha nobuntu bakho : Usenokuba nomsindo ngequbuliso, uphazamiseke, urhanele abanye abantu (i-paranoia), okanye usenokubona okanye uve izinto ezingekhoyo (iimbono ezingabonakaliyo).
• Ukuqonda okuncinci kwendawo : Ubunzima bokuqonda ukuba ukufutshane kangakanani nezinto ezikungqongileyo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni yibhalansi kunye nokuwa ngelixa uhamba, ukungqubana nezinto, kunye nobunzima bokwenza imisebenzi ebuthathaka efana nokubopha imitya yezihlangu zakho.

Ezi mpawu zihlala zikhula kancinci kancinci, kodwa abanye abantu bahlangabezana nolu tshintsho ngequbuliso. Iingxaki zenkumbulo zihlala zibonakala ngaphambi kwezinye iimpawu. Uhlobo lweempawu ozifumanayo luya kuxhomekeka ekubeni zeziphi iindawo zobuchopho ezonakeleyo butywala.

Amanqanaba e-dementia ebangelwa butywala

I-Dementia yimeko apho ukusebenza kwengqondo yakho, okanye ukwehla kwengqondo, kuncipha khona. Oogqirha bahlula i-dementia ebangelwa butywala ibe ngamanqanaba amane aphambili, kuxhomekeke kubukhali bemeko:

1. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuncinci: Kule meko, iimpawu azikho nzima kangako. Kunokubakho iingxaki ezithile ngenkumbulo kunye nokucinga okunengqiqo. Nangona kunjalo, usenokwenza izinto ezifana nokuqhuba imoto, ukuhambahamba kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo, kwaye wenze imisebenzi yakho yasekhaya ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu.
2. Isifo sengqondo esibangelwa kukusetyenziswa kotywala: Kule nqanaba, ukusebenza kwengqondo kusanciphile, kwaye iimpawu ziya zibonakala ngakumbi. Inkumbulo iyawohloka kakhulu. Abantu baqala ukulibala iziganeko zakutshanje, amagama, kunye nolwazi olubalulekileyo. Ezi mpawu zinokuchaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla, ngoko ke banokufuna uncedo kumalungu osapho ukuze benze eminye imisebenzi.
3. Isifo sengqondo esibangelwa kukusetyenziswa kotywala esiphakathi: Ukusebenza kobuchopho kuyehla ngakumbi, kwaye iimpawu ziba mandundu ngakumbi. Kunokuba nzima ukuthetha okanye ukuhamba kakuhle. Usenokungaziboni iindawo oqhelene nazo, usapho lwakho, okanye abamelwane bakho.
4. Isifo sengqondo esibangelwa kukusetyenziswa kotywala esikwinqanaba lokugqibela: Eli lelona nqanaba linzima kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwengqondo kuncipha kakhulu. Usenokungakwazi ukuthetha, ukuhamba, okanye ukwenza umsebenzi wakho. Uhlala ufuna unyango oluqhubekayo.

Kodwa nantsi into ebalulekileyo: Isifo sengqondo esibangelwa butywala, ngokungafaniyo nesifo sika-Alzheimer, asibi mandundu nje kuphela xa uyeka ukusela.Oko kuthetha ukuba umonakalo engqondweni awuyi kuqhubeka udlule apho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uqhubeka usela utywala, ungonakalisa ingqondo ngakumbi kwaye uqhubeke ngokukhawuleza kwezi zigaba.

Yintoni ebangela i-dementia ebangelwa butywala?

Eyona sizathu siphambili soku kukusebenzisa utywala ngokugqithisileyo nangokuhlala usela .

Ukusela isiselo esinxilisayo, ibhiya, okanye iglasi yewayini ngamanye amaxesha akubangeli i-dementia. Ngokweengcebiso zonyango, amadoda akufuneki asele iziselo ezingaphezu kwezibini ezinomlinganiselo oqhelekileyo ngosuku okanye ngaphezulu kwe-14 ezinomlinganiselo oqhelekileyo ngeveki. Abafazi akufuneki basele ngaphezu kwesinye esinomlinganiselo oqhelekileyo ngosuku okanye ngaphantsi kwe-7 ezinomlinganiselo oqhelekileyo ngeveki.

Umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wotywala ngulo:

• Ii-ounces ezili-12 (malunga neemililitha ezingama-355) zebhiya enomxholo wotywala oyi-5%
• Ii-ounces ezi-5 (malunga ne-148 milliliters) zewayini equlethe i-12% yotywala
• Ii-ounces eziyi-1.5 (malunga neemililitha ezingama-44) zotywala obune-alcohol engama-40%

Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo konakalisa imithambo-luvo kunye nemithambo yegazi engqondweni. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo monakalo uyaqokelelana kwaye iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurons ziqala ukufa. Ezi neurons zibalulekile ukuze ingqondo yethu icinge kwaye ilawule umzimba. Ukuba ezi neurons zitshatyalaliswa butywala, imisebenzi elawulwa yiloo nxalenye yengqondo iyanyamalala kancinci kancinci.

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Isifo sengqondo esibangelwa butywala sixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwama-40 nama-50 ubudala abebesele kakhulu kangangeminyaka emininzi. Nangona kunjalo, sinokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka ukuba usela utywala ngaphezu komlinganiselo okhuselekileyo. Sixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala.

Zithini iingxaki zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ezibangelwa butywala?

Eyona ngxaki inkulu kukulimala kwengqondo. Oku kunokubangela utshintsho oluhlala luhleli kubuntu bakho, kwindlela ocinga ngayo, kunye nendlela osebenzisa ngayo umzimba wakho. Ezinye iingxaki zinokuba yingozi.

Iingxaki zingabandakanya:

• Ukuwohloka kwempilo yomzimba iyonke.
• Iintsholongwane (umz. i-pneumonia , izifo zesikhumba ).
• Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa butywala, ezifana ne-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
• Ukuxhuzula .
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ubunzima bokuginya.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ungalahlekelwa lulawulo lomzimba wakho kwaye ungakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wakho. Oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba:

• Izilonda zebhedi .
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okanye ukungondleki kakuhle.
• Ukuwa, ukwaphuka kwamalungu omzimba, kunye nezinye iingozi ezibuhlungu.
• Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuchama (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba umchamo) kunye nokungakwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba amathumbu).
• Ukubola kwamazinyo , imingxunya, kunye nezinye iingxaki zamazinyo.

Abantu abane-dementia ebangelwa butywala nabo basengozini enkulu yokwenzakala engqondweni. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngokungakhuselekanga kwandisa umngcipheko wokuwa, iingozi zeemoto, kunye nezinye iingozi zentloko. Ezi ngozi zingonakalisa ingqondo ngakumbi kwaye zitshabalalise ii-neurons. Oku kunokukhawulezisa ukuqhubela phambili kwe-dementia.

Ungasixilonga njani isifo sengqondo esibangelwa butywala? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ugqirha angayixilonga le meko ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Inyathelo lokuqala kukwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba kunye novavanyo lwemithambo-luvo. Ugqirha uya kuzisusa ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo.

Ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza imibuzo ukuze aqonde impilo yakho nobomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Basenokuthetha nelungu losapho ukuze bafumane naluphi na utshintsho onokuthi ungaluboni. Ugqirha wakho unokubuza malunga noku:

• Ukukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo.
• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala .
• Thatha iyeza ngoku.
• Ulwazi lwezonyango lwangaphambili `(Imbali yezonyango)`.
• Utshintsho kwindlela ovakalelwa ngayo, indlela oziphatha ngayo, ubuntu bakho, nendlela oziva ngayo.
• Isondlo.
• Imeko yempilo iyonke.

Xelela ugqirha wakho inyani malunga nokuba usela kangaphi. Abayi kukugweba okanye bakuphathe kakubi. Bafuna ukuqonda unobangela weempawu zakho baze bakuncede.

Ugqirha angasebenzisa iimvavanyo ezifana nezi ukuze afumanise isifo sengqondo esibangelwa butywala:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi .
• Uvavanyo lwe-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) lobuchopho.
• Uvavanyo lwengqondo.
• `Iskeni ye-CT (iskeni ye-Computed Tomography)`.
• ``Iskeni yePET (iskeni yePositron Emission Tomography)''.
• Uvavanyo lomchamo.

Kunokwenziwa nezinye iimvavanyo ukujonga iimpawu zezinye iimeko zempilo ezibangelwa butywala. Umzekelo:

• I-cardiomyopathy enxulumene notywala.
• I-hepatitis enxulumene notywala.
• Isifo sokuqaqamba kwesibindi.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-dementia ebangelwa butywala?

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango olunokukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho, kodwa okwangoku akukho ndlela yokuguqula ngokupheleleyo umonakalo owenziwe ebuchotsheni ngenxa yotywala.

Ugqirha wakho anokukunceda uyeke ukusela utywala ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukuyeka utywala ngequbuliso kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu, ezifana ne-"cold turkey", iimpawu zokurhoxa, kunye ne-delirium tremens (DT). I-"DT" yimeko enzima eyenzeka xa uyeka ukusela utywala ngequbuliso, kwaye ifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.

Kusenokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele okanye kwiziko lokubuyisela umva ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ukhuselekile ngelixa uqhele ukuphila ngaphandle kotywala.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango onokuzifuna:

• Unyango Lokuziphatha Kwengqondo (CBT): Ukuthetha nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo kunokukunceda uqonde uxinzelelo lwakho, ixhala kunye neemvakalelo zakho. Kunokukunceda wakhe amandla engqondo owadingayo ukuze uhlale kude notywala.
• Amayeza: Akukho mayeza athile onyango lwe-dementia olubangelwa butywala. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa ezinye iintlobo ze-dementia. Amayeza anjenge-naltrexone kunye ne-acamprosate anokumiselwa ukunyanga ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala.
• Inkxaso yesondlo: Ukuba ungondlekanga okanye uswele iivithamini, unokufuna izongezo zesondlo.
• Amaqela enkxaso: Le yindlela entle yokunxibelelana nabanye abayiqondayo imeko yakho. Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ngamaqela afanelekileyo kuwe nakusapho lwakho.

Ithini ingxelo yokuqikelela ukuba umntu unesifo sengqondo esibangelwa butywala?

Isifo sengqondo esibangelwa butywala asichaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Okwangoku akukho nyango lwalo naluphi na uhlobo lwesifo sengqondo esibangelwa butywala.Ngoko ke, kufuneka ulindele ukuba utshintsho kwindlela ocinga ngayo nowusebenzisa ngayo umzimba wakho luza kuhlala luhleli. Kodwa nangona kufuneka uqhele utshintsho olutsha, usengumntu ofanayo.

Ingakanani iminyaka yobomi bomntu onesifo sengqondo esibangelwa butywala?

Le meko inokuchaphazela ixesha oliphilayo (ubude bobomi). Kodwa kunzima ukutsho ixesha elithile elifanelekileyo kuye wonke umntu.

Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Uza kuyeka ukusela utywala?
• Ubunzima bomonakalo wobuchopho.
• Zeziphi iindawo zobuchopho ezonakeleyo?
• iminyaka yakho.
• Impilo yakho iyonke.

Ukuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo ezibangelwa butywala, zinokuchaphazela nobomi bakho. Kunzima ukutsho ngqo ukuba yeyiphi imeko ekunokwenzeka ukuba ikuchaphazele. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlala ukhuselekile kwaye ube neendlela zokulawula iimpawu zakho.

Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ubeke ulindelo olusengqiqweni ngokusekelwe kwimpilo yakho kunye nemeko ethile.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneengxaki zokukhumbula okanye zokucinga, bonana nogqirha. Baza kugqiba ukuba ezi ngxaki zibangelwa yi-dementia ebangelwa butywala okanye yenye imeko. Musa ukufihla iimpawu zakho okanye indlela oziva ngayo kugqirha wakho. Khumbula, abazami kukuhlazisa okanye bakwenze uzive uneentloni. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka bazi ukuba uziva njani kwaye uhlangabezana njani na ukuze bakuxilonge ngokufanelekileyo kwaye bakunyange.

Kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze ahlolwe. Baza kujonga utshintsho olusengqondweni yakho baze balungise unyango lwakho njengoko kufuneka.