Ngaba nawe uyathimla rhoqo xa uchukumisa uthuli? Okanye uyarhawuzelelwa emva kokutya into ethile? Kwabanye abantu, ukuba nempumlo exineneyo, impumlo egobhozayo, kunye namehlo abomvu narhawuzelelwayo yinto engathandekiyo. Akukho nyango luhlala luhleli lwale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-allergies. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kukho amayeza amaninzi anokulawula ezi mpawu zicaphukisayo aze akunike isiqabu esikhulu. Namhlanje, masithethe ngamayeza anikwayo kwezi allergies.
Zithini ii-antihistamines?
Ii-antihistamines ligama eliqhelekileyo esilivayo xa sithetha nge-allergies. Ziye zasetyenziswa ukulawula iimpawu ze-allergy kangangeminyaka. Zifumaneka ngendlela yeepilisi, ulwelo, izitshizi zeempumlo, kunye namaconsi amehlo.
Ngamafutshane, xa umzimba wakho ujongene nento ethile onayo i-allergy, njengesuntswana lothuli, inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba isabela ngokugqithisileyo. Emva koko, uhlobo oluthile lweseli olubizwa ngokuba zii-mast cells lukhupha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-histamine. Le histamine inoxanduva kuyo yonke into ukusuka ekurhawuzeleni ukuya ekuthinimla, impumlo egobhozayo, kunye namehlo abomvu. Ngoko ke, into eyenziwa zezi antihistamines kukuthintela ukusebenza kwale khemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-histamine.
| Uhlobo lweyeza | Imizekelo kunye namanqaku |
|---|---|
| Iipilisi ezingathomalalisiyo | Ezi ngoku zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Imizekelo: I-Cetirizine, i-Loratadine, i-Fexofenadine, i-Levocetirizine. Ezi azibangeli ukozela kakhulu. |
| Iipilisi zokuthomalalisa | La ngamayeza amadala. Angakwenza ulale kakhulu, ngoko ke musa ukuwasebenzisa ukuba uqhuba okanye usebenzisa oomatshini. Imizekelo: I-Chlorpheniramine (Piriton), i-Diphenhydramine. |
| Amaconsi Amehlo kunye Nezitshizi Zempumlo | Amaconsi amehlo asetyenziselwa ukunyanga amehlo abomvu narhawuzelelayo, kwaye izitshizi zeempumlo zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izinto ezifana nempumlo erhawuzelelayo nokuthimla. Imizekelo: I-Ketotifen (amaconsi amehlo), i-Azelastine (isitshizi sempumlo). |
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zee-antihistamines?
Isiphumo esiphambili samayeza amadala kukozela . Kwakhona, abanye abantu banokungaziva belele xa besebenzisa la mayeza, kodwa banokuba nobunzima bokugxila kwaye banokuba nexesha elincinci lokuphendula. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu xa usebenzisa la mayeza.
Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga:
- Umlomo owomileyo
- Umbono ofiphele kancinci
- Ubunzima bokuchama
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Ukudinwa
Izithomalalisi zokuxinana
Impumlo evalekileyo kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla zezona ngxaki zinkulu ze-allergies. Amayeza okususa ukuxinana luhlobo lonyango olunokunceda ekunciphiseni oku. Xa une-allergy, izicubu kunye nemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kwempumlo yakho ziyadumba. La mayeza asebenza ngokunciphisa ukudumba nokuvula impumlo yakho. Aza ngohlobo lweepilisi, ulwelo, kunye nezitshizi zeempumlo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Musa ukusebenzisa izitshizi zokususa ukuxinana kwamakhala (umz. iOxymetazoline) kangangeentsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu ukuya kwezine. Ukuba uyaqhubeka nokuzisebenzisa, ukuxinana kwamakhala akho kusenokuba mandundu (ukuxinana kwe-rebound). Ngoko ke hlala ulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zemithi yokunciphisa ukuxinana
La mayeza anokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ngenxa yoko, awacetyiswa kubantu abane-high blood pressure okanye i-glaucoma. Anokubangela ukungalali kakuhle kunye nokungaphumli.
Amayeza Adibeneyo
Ngamanye amaxesha usenokuba neempawu ezininzi zokunganyamezelani ngaxeshanye. Umzekelo, impumlo evalekileyo kunye nokuthimla. Kwezi meko, kukho iipilisi ezidibanisa i-antihistamine kunye ne-decongestant. Imizekelo yamayeza anjalo iquka i-Cetirizine + Pseudoephedrine (Zyrtec-D) okanye i-Loratadine + Pseudoephedrine (Claritin-D). Ezi zibonelela ngoncedo kwiimpawu ezininzi ngaxeshanye.
Masifunde ngeeSteroids / iiCorticosteroids
Ii-Steroids ziyindlela esebenzayo kakhulu yokulawula ukudumba, ukudumba, kunye nokubomvu okubangelwa yi-allergies. Zilungele kakhulu iimpumlo ezixineneyo, ukuthimla, kunye neempumlo ezirhawuzelelayo.
Ezi ziza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
- Izitshizi zempumlo : Ezi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-allergies zempumlo. (Umzekelo: i-Fluticasone, i-Mometasone)
- Iipilisi/Ulwelo: Zinikwa ixesha elifutshane kwiimeko ezinzima ze-allergy okanye iimeko ezifana ne-asthma.
- Iikhrimu: Zisetyenziselwa ukungezwani nolusu (contact dermatitis).
- Amaconsi Amehlo: Asetyenziselwa i-conjunctivitis ye-allergy.
Khumbula, ukuze ufumane uncedo olukhulu kumayeza e-steroid, ingakumbi ii-spray zeempumlo, kufuneka uqhubeke uzisebenzisa njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele, nokuba ziintsuku apho ungenazo iimpawu. Kungathatha iveki okanye ezimbini ukubona iziphumo.
Izitshizi zeempumlo ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangela ukoma okanye ukopha kancinci ngaphakathi empumlweni. Ukuba ufumana naluphi na uvakalelo olungathandekiyo, thetha nogqirha wakho.
Amanye amayeza athile kunye nonyango
Ukongeza kwezi zingentla, kukho nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zamayeza.
- IziQinisekisi zeSeli yeMast: Ezi zisebenza ngokuzinzisa 'iiseli zemast' ezivelisa i-histamine esithethe ngazo ngaphambili kwaye zithintele ukukhutshwa kwe-histamine. I-Cromolyn sodium ngumzekelo woku.
- IiModifiers zeLeukotriene: Ngexesha le-allergy reaction, kuveliswa enye ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-'leukotrienes', kunye ne-histamine. La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela ukusebenza kwawo. I-Montelukast (Singulair) liyeza elisetyenziswa rhoqo lolu hlobo.
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Olu lolona nyango lwahlukileyo, oluhlala ixesha elide. Lunokuba luncedo kakhulu kubantu abanengxaki ye-allergies uninzi lonyaka. Lubandakanya ukunika amajoni omzimba wakho idosi encinci ye-allergen, oqala ngayo uze uyinyuse kancinci kancinci, nokuba yimithi ye-allergy okanye iipilisi ezingaphantsi kolwimi. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe phantsi kweliso lengcali.
- Amayeza alula angengomayeza: Ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlamba impumlo nge-saline nasal spray kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukuxinana kwempumlo kunye ne-mucus. Kwakhona, amathontsi amehlo angasebenzisi amayeza abizwa ngokuba ziinyembezi zokwenziwa anokunceda ekunciphiseni ukoma nokurhawuzelela emehlweni.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ekubeni kukho iintlobo ezininzi zamayeza okubangela ukunganyamezelani komzimba, soloko uqhagamshelana nogqirha ukuze ukhethe elona lifanelekileyo kwiimpawu zakho kunye nemeko yakho yempilo. Ungaze usebenzise amayeza asetyenziswa ngabanye abantu.
- Amanye amayeza okulwa nee-aleji (ingakumbi ii-antihistamines ezindala) anokubangela ukozela okukhulu.Inokwenzeka loo nto. Ukuba usebenzisa amayeza anjalo, kuphephe ukuqhuba okanye ukusebenzisa oomatshini abayingozi.
- Kuphephe ukusebenzisa izitshizi zokukhulula ukuxinana kwempumlo kangangeentsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
- Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo kwii-steroid nasal sprays, kubalulekile ukuzisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo, imihla ngemihla, nanjengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
- Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaqhelekanga ngelixa usebenzisa naliphi na iyeza, yeka ukuthatha iyeza ngoko nangoko uze wazise ugqirha wakho.
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