Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uvakalelwa kukuba umntwana wakho wahlukile kancinci kwabanye abantwana? Ngaba akathandi ukuncokola, ukuthetha, okanye ukudlala nabanye? Mhlawumbi ukhe weva igama elithi 'autism' xa wawuye kugqirha. Okanye usenokuba ukhe wabona amagama anje ngo- 'Asperger ' ngelixa ukhangela kwi-Intanethi. Enyanisweni, abazali abaninzi badidekile kakhulu ngenxa yala magama maninzi. Ngaba la magama onke ayafana? Okanye ngaba zizinto ezahlukeneyo? Ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-'Autism Spectrum'?
Okokuqala, masiqonde ukuba lithetha ukuthini igama elithi 'Spectrum'. Cinga ngomnyama. Umnyama awunambala omnye kuphela. Unemibala emininzi efana nobomvu, iorenji, umthubi, noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka idibene. Kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba uchaze ngqo apho umbala omnye uphela khona kwaye omnye uqala khona, akunjalo? I-Autism injalo.
Ngamafutshane, i-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) yingqokelela yemingeni eyenzeka ngexesha lokukhula komntwana. Le mingeni inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili:
1. Imingeni yoluntu : Ukungafuni okanye ukungakwazi ukunxibelelana nabanye okanye ukwenza abahlobo. Umzekelo, ukukhetha ukuba wedwa kunokudlala nabanye abantwana. Akajongi ubuso bomnye umntu xa ethetha. Unengxaki yokuqonda iimvakalelo zabanye abantu (ulonwabo, usizi).
2. Imingeni yonxibelelwano: Ubunzima bokunxibelelana nabanye. Abanye abantwana banokufika kade ekuthetheni. Abanye banokuthetha kakuhle, kodwa abazi ukuba bangayigcina njani incoko. Endaweni yokuthetha into abayifunayo, babamba isandla sikanina okanye sikatata wabo baze babarhuqele apho bafuna ukuya khona. Abanye baphinda izinto ezifana neentengiso kwiTV.
3. Ukuziphatha okuphindaphindayo kunye nomdla olinganiselweyo: Ukuphinda izinto ezifanayo nokubonisa umdla omncinci kakhulu kwizinto. Umzekelo, ukudlala ngethoyizi enye iiyure ezininzi. Banokwenza izinto ezifana nokushukumisa iingalo zabo ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukuhamba ngeenzwane zabo, okanye ukujikeleza kwindawo enye. Abanye abantwana bathanda ukutya uhlobo olufanayo lokutya.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi mpawu azifani kubo bonke abantwana. Abanye abantwana banokuba nemingeni emincinci kakhulu. Abanye banokuba nemingeni enzima . Abanye banokuba nento ephakathi. Yiyo loo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-'spectrum'.
Amagama asetyenziswa kwixesha elidlulileyo kunye neentsingiselo zawo
Kule mihla, oogqirha babiza zonke ezi meko ngegama elinye, 'i-autism spectrum disorder' (ASD). Kodwa kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, ezi meko zazibizwa ngamagama ahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zinzima kangakanani. Usenokubava abantu besebenzisa la magama amadala, ngoko ke kuyanceda ukwazi ukuba athetha ukuthini.
Makhe sibone ukuba yayinjani loo ndlela yakudala yokwahlulahlula.
| Ixesha Elidala | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Isifo sika-Asperger | Oku kuthathwa njengengxaki engephi kwi-spectrum. Aba bantwana banengqondo ephakathi okanye engaphezulu komndilili. Banezakhono ezilungileyo zolwimi. Kodwa banemingeni ebalulekileyo ekunxibelelaneni nabantu. Umzekelo, banokuba nobunzima bokuqonda amahlaya okanye ukufunda imbonakalo yobuso. Basenokuthetha rhoqo ngezihloko abazithandayo (umz., iidayinaso, oololiwe). |
| Ingxaki Yophuhliso Oluqhubekayo - Ayichazwanga Ngenye Indlela (PDD-NOS) | Eli ligama elintsonkothileyo kancinci. Kalula nje, umntwana une-autism, kodwa ayilula kangako ukuba ibizwe ngokuba yi-'Asperger's, kwaye ayinzima kangako ukuba ibizwe ngokuba yi-'Autistic Disorder'. Eli gama lalisetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kubantwana ababephakathi . |
| Isifo se-Autistic | Le yimeko abantu abaninzi ababeyibiza ngokuba yi-'autism'. Ibandakanya imingeni enzima kakhulu kuzo zontathu ezi ndawo: ezentlalo, unxibelelwano, kunye nokuziphatha. |
| Ingxaki Yokwahlukana Kwabantwana | Yile nto yayikwi-spectrum.Uhlobo olunqabileyo nolunzima kakhulu lwesi sifo. Kule meko, umntwana ukhula ngokwesiqhelo ade abe phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ne-4 ubudala, aze ngequbuliso alahlekelwe zizo zonke izakhono azifundileyo (ukuthetha, izakhono zentlalo, kunye nokudlala). Amaxesha amaninzi, aba bantwana badla ngokuba nesifo sokuxhuzula. |
Kutheni ke ngoku la magama engasetyenziswa?
Oogqirha nabaphandi baqaphele ukuba olu hlobo lokwahlulahlula aluluncedo kangako. Kuba bonke aba bantwana baneengxaki ezifanayo, kodwa ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke ngoku babazise bonke phantsi kwesambulela esinye, esibizwa ngokuba yi-'autism spectrum disorder' (ASD). Xa bexilonga , umntwana ngoku uhlelwa ngokwenqanaba lenkxaso ayidingayo.
Ngaba iRett Syndrome nayo luhlobo lwe-autism?
Le yingxaki enabantu abaninzi. Ngaphambili, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yiRett Syndrome yayithathwa njengengxaki ye-autism spectrum. Oku kungenxa yokuba iimpawu zayo zifana kakhulu nezo ze-autism.
Kodwa ngoku isayensi iqhubele phambili. Uphando lufumanise ukuba unobangela weRett Syndrome lutshintsho oluthile lwemfuza . Oko kuthetha ukuba unobangela ochanekileyo uyaziwa. Kwi-autism spectrum disorder, unobangela omnye wemfuza awukafunyanwa. Ke ngoko, iRett Syndrome ayisathathwa njenge-autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Kutheni kubaluleke kangaka ukubhaqwa kwangethuba?
Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho okanye ukulibaziseka kwindlela umntwana wakho aziphethe ngayo, athetha ngayo, okanye akhula ngayo, musa ukuyityeshela loo nto. Musa ukulinda nje uthi, "Kuza kuba ngcono ngokuhamba kwexesha." Okukhona ufumanisa imeko efana nale ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziya kuba ngcono.
Ukuxilongwa akubhekiselele ekubekeni ilebheli emntwaneni, kodwa kuxhomekeke ekuqondeni kanye kanye uncedo umntwana aludingayo.
Ukuba umntwana ufunyenwe kwangethuba, angaqala unyango olufunekayo kunye nonyango ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo:
- Unyango lokuthetha : Ukuphucula intetho.
- Unyango Lomsebenzi: Ukunceda ngemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, ukudlala, nokufunda ngokuzimela.
- Iindlela Zonyango Zokuziphatha: Lawula ukuziphatha okungafanelekanga kwaye uphuhlise izakhono ezilungileyo.
Ukuba olu nyango luqaliswa kwangoko, kokukhona lunokuba nefuthe elikhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo yomntwana. Ngoko ke ukuba unamathandabuzo amancinci ngomntwana wakho, ncedaFuna ingcebiso kwiNgcali yezifo zabantwana okanye kwiNgcali yezeNgqondo yabantwana nabakwishumi elivisayo . Leyo yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kumntwana wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) ayilomeko inye. Inamanqanaba ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwencinci ukuya kweqatha, njengemibala yomnyama.
- Nangona oogqirha bengasasebenzisi amagama amadala afana nelithi Asperger kunye nelithi PDD-NOS, ukwazi intsingiselo yawo kunokukunika ulwazi oluthile.
- I-Rett Syndrome ayisesisifo esiwela phantsi kodidi lwe-autism, njengoko ngoku kufunyaniswe ukuba ibangelwa lutshintsho oluthile lwemfuza.
- Ukuba uneengxaki malunga nokukhula okanye ukuziphatha komntwana wakho, musa ukuzityeshela. Bonana nogqirha ofanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olukhawulezileyo zezona zipho zibalaseleyo onokumnika zona umntwana wakho.
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