Ngaba wakha wasika kancinci waza waphuma igazi elincinci, laza layeka lodwa? Yindlela emangalisayo yokuzikhusela emzimbeni wethu. Ukuze umise ukopha, kwakheka ihlwili legazi ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Le yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu, eqhelekileyo. Kodwa, khawucinge ukuba bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba eli hlwili legazi livela ngaphandle kokwenzakala, ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho, ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi yakho. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yingxaki yokunqanqatha kwegazi, okanye ngokwezonyango `(Hypercoagulable State)` okanye `( Thrombophilia )`.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni le sifo sokugabha igazi?
Kulapho igazi lakho liqhekeka lula kunesiqhelo. Ihlwili legazi lenziwa xa iiproteni ezenziwe sisibindi sethu ( ii-clotting factors ) kunye neeplatelets egazini lethu zidibana. Oku kubalulekile ukuze kumiswe ukopha xa kukho ukwenzakala. Kodwa ukuba le nkqubo isebenza kakhulu, inokuba yingxaki.
Sibiza amahlwili egazi angafunekiyo abumba ngaphakathi emithanjeni ngokuthi "i-thrombus" okanye "i-embolus".
Ingaba le meko iyingozi ngokwenene?
Ewe, oku kunokuba yingozi ukuba akunyangwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba amahlwili egazi anokwakheka naphi na emzimbeni wethu. Anokuvela ikakhulu kwimithambo yegazi ethwala igazi esuka entliziyweni ukuya kwezinye iindawo zomzimba nakwimithambo yegazi ethwala igazi ukusuka emzimbeni ukuya entliziyweni.
Ukuba amahlwili egazi aqala emithanjeni...
Ihlwili legazi elenzeka emthanjeni linokuphuma lize lihambe negazi, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki ezimbini eziphambili:
- I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Oku kwenzeka xa ihlwili legazi lenzeka kumthambo onzulu, ingakumbi emilenzeni, esinqeni, ezingalweni, esibindini, emathunjini, okanye kwizintso. Khawuthelekelele ukuba ukwinqwelomoya iiyure ezininzi ngexesha. Ukugcina imilenze yakho ikwindawo enye kunokubangela ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kube nzima, kwaye ihlwili legazi lenzeka kumthambo osemlenzeni wakho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-DVT.
- I-Pulmonary Embolus: Le yimeko engxamisekileyo. Le meko yenzeka xa ihlwili legazi elenziwe emlenzeni, njenge-DVT, liqhekeka lize lihlale emthanjeni emiphungeni. Oku kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
Ukuba igazi liqhekeka kwimithambo yegazi...
Imithambo yegazi yimithambo yegazi enika igazi elinooksijini engqondweni, entliziyweni, nakwimilenze yethu. Ukuba igazi liqhekeka kwenye yezi zinto, linokubangela umonakalo omkhulu.
- Istroke: Ukuba ihlwili legazi livala umthambo ohambisa igazi engqondweni.
- Uhlaselo lwentliziyo: Ukuba ihlwili legazi livala umthambo wentliziyo ohambisa igazi entliziyweni.
- Intlungu ebuhlungu yomlenze kunye nobunzima bokuhamba.
- Kwezinye iimeko, kusenokufuneka nokuba kususwe ingalo okanye umlenze.
Le meko inokubangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kubantu abane-"Antiphospholipid Syndrome." Ngokubanzi, umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi uyanda malunga nezihlandlo ezihlanu ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngenxa yokwanda komthamo wegazi kunye noxinzelelo emzimbeni.
Uyazi njani ukuba unesi sifo? Zithini iimpawu zaso?
Iimpawu zixhomekeke ekubeni igazi liqhekeke phi emzimbeni. Iimpawu zingahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye.
| Uphawu | Yintoni edla ngokucetyiswa? |
|---|---|
| Ukudumba, ukubomvu, intlungu, kunye nokufudumala emlenzeni | Kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho amahlwili egazi kwimithambo enzulu (i-Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) . |
| Intlungu yesifuba ngequbuliso kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla | Kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho ihlwili legazi emiphungeni (pulmonary embolism) . Le yimeko engxamisekileyo. |
| Ukungaziva ngqindilili kobuso, ingalo, okanye umlenze (ingakumbi kwelinye icala), ubunzima bokuthetha, okanye utshintsho embonweni | Isenokuba sistroke . Le yimeko engxamisekileyo. |
| Ukuqina esifubeni, iintlungu eziphuma engalweni yasekhohlo, emhlathini, okanye emqolo, ukubila | Isenokuba sisifo sentliziyo . Le yimeko engxamisekileyo. |
Kutheni ezi zifo zenzeka? Zithini izizathu?
Izifo zokunqanqatha kwegazi zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: izizathu zokuzalwa (i-genetic) kunye nezizathu ezifunyenweyo.
| Uhlobo lwesizathu | Inkcazo kunye nemizekelo |
|---|---|
| 1. Izizathu ezizuzwe njengelifa/zemfuza | |
| Iziphene zofuzo | Ezi zizinto esizizuza njengelifa kubazali bethu. Asinguye wonke umntu onazo ezi zinto oza kuba namahlwili egazi, kodwa umngcipheko uphezulu.
|
| 2. Izizathu ezifunyenweyo | |
| Ezinye iimeko zonyango |
|
| Indlela yokuphila kunye nezinye izinto | |
Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le sifo?
Ukuba unegazi elijiyileyo akuthethi ukuba unesifo semfuza, ngoko ke ugqirha wakho uza kujonga ngononophelo imbali yakho yezonyango kunye neyosapho lwakho.
Ngokwesiqhelo, abantu abanezi zinto zilandelayo zomngcipheko bathunyelwa kwiimvavanyo ezinjalo:
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho onembali yolu hlobo lwegazi eliqhekekileyo.
- Ukuba umntu oselula ongaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala uba nehlwili legazi.
- Ukuba amahlwili egazi ayenzeka kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga, ezinje ngeengalo, isibindi, okanye ubuchopho.
- Ukuba igazi liqhekeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile.
- Ukuba unegazi eliphindaphindayo.
- Ukuba ukuphuphuma kwesisu kwenzeka rhoqo.
- Ukuba unestroke usemncinci.
Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?
Kuza kwenziwa uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi ukuze kuhlolwe imeko yakho.
- I-PT-INR: Ukuba usebenzisa iyeza elithi `Warfarin`, olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukujonga ukuba igazi lakho likhawuleza kangakanani na ukujiya.
- aPTT: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe indlela igazi elisabela ngayo kwiyeza elithi `Heparin` ukuba uyalisebenzisa.
- Inani elipheleleyo legazi (CBC): Inani elipheleleyo legazi.
- Uvavanyo lweFibrinogen
Kwenziwa uvavanyo oluthile lwemfuza ukuze kuchongwe iimeko zokuzalwa. Kwenziwa novavanyo lokujonga amanqanaba eeproteni anjenge-`Protein C`, `Protein S`, kunye ne-`Antithrombin`.
Ngenxa yokuba ezi mvavanyo zinobuzaza kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba zenziwe kwilabhoratri ekhethekileyo kwaye zitolikwe ngokuchanekileyo ngugqirha onolwazi olukhethekileyo.
Iphathwa njani?
Ixesha elininzi, unyango lufuneka kuphela xa igazi liqhekeka ngaphakathi emthanjeni. Injongo ephambili yonyango kukuthintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi angakumbi kunye nokuthintela amahlwili egazi akhoyo ukuba akhule.
Amayeza okunciphisa igazi asetyenziselwa oku. Ngokwezonyango, la mayeza siwabiza ngokuba yi-'Anticoagulants'.
Amayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu:
- I-aspirin
- I-Warfarin (uhlobo lwepilisi yomlomo)
- I-Heparin (inaliti efakwa emthanjeni okanye phantsi kolusu esibhedlele)
- I-heparin enobunzima obuphantsi beemolekyuli (inaliti enokuthi ifakwe phantsi kolusu ekhaya kanye okanye kabini ngemini)
- I-Fondaparinux (inaliti)
- Ii-anticoagulants zomlomo ezithe ngqo (ii-DOAC) - ezi zizizukulwana ezintsha zeepilisi zomlomo (umz. iRivaroxaban, iApixaban)
Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olukulungeleyo, ixesha olithathayo, kunye nohlobo lokujonga emva konyango olufunekayo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba uthatha amayeza afana ne-`Warfarin`, ungayeki ukuwathatha okanye utshintshe umthamo ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho nangasiphi na isizathu. Kwakhona, i-`Warfarin` ayifanelekanga ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uceba ukukhulelwa. Qiniseka ukuba wazisa ugqirha wakho ngale nto.
Ngaba kufuneka ndiqaphele into endiyityayo nendiyiselayo xa ndithatha iWarfarin?
Ewe. Ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-vitamin K, ngakumbi, kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kweWarfarin. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo yokutya enikwe ngugqirha wakho xa usela eli yeza.
Ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-vitamin K
- ibrussels sprouts
- Ispinatshi
- Ibrokholi
Oku akuthethi ukuba akufanele utye oku kutya, kodwa kubalulekile ukugcina ukutya kwakho kwemihla ngemihla kuhambelana. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
Ukuba unale meko, uzinyamekela njani?
- Ukuba usebenzisa amayeza afana neWarfarin, ukunxiba isongo sokuchonga esichaza ukuba oku kuya kukunceda ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.
- Amanye amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha, anjengeentlungu, anokusebenzisana nale mithi yokunciphisa igazi. Ngoko ke thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise amanye amayeza.
- Yenza uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo (njenge-PT-INR). Umlinganiselo wamayeza akho unokufuneka uhlengahlengiswe ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo.
- Ukuba uza kutyandwa okanye uceba ukukhulelwa, yazisa ugqirha wakho kwangaphambili.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Xa uthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi, ungopha kancinci, okanye ube nemivumbo, nokuba kukwenzakala okuncinci. Oku kuqhelekile.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba wopha kakhulu ngendlela engaqhelekanga okanye ubona amabala amakhulu egazi, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Kwakhona, ukuba ucinga ukuba uneempawu ze-DVT (ukudumba kwemilenze, iintlungu), funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU)?
Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, yingxamiseko yezonyango. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo elikufutshane (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
* Intlungu yesifuba ngequbuliso kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla (kusenokuba luphawu lwe-pulmonary embolism).
* Iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi.
Ukuphila nale meko kunokuba nzima. Kodwa ngamayeza afanelekileyo kunye neengcebiso ezifanelekileyo zikagqirha, ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ugqirha wakho ukhona ukukunceda. Ngoko ke ungathandabuzi ukuthetha naye ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ingxaki yokunqanqatheka kwegazi yimeko apho kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokwakheka kwamahlwili egazi ngokungeyomfuneko nangokulula ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi yomzimba.
- Izizathu zoku zingaba kukuzalwa (imfuza) okanye ezo zenzeka ngexesha lobomi (ezifana nomhlaza, utyando, ukukhulelwa).
- Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ihlwili legazi likuphi. Amahlwili egazi emiphungeni, engqondweni, okanye entliziyweni ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezisongela ubomi.
- Unyango oluphambili ngamayeza okunciphisa igazi (i-anticoagulants). La mayeza afanele athathwe njengoko ugqirha ewayalele.
- Ukuba uthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi, qiniseka ukuba wazise ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise amanye amayeza, ngaphambi kotyando, nangaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.
- Ukuba ubona ukopha kakhulu okanye iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
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