Xa sisiva igama elithi "umhlaza," sonke siyangcangcazela kancinci, akunjalo? Ingakumbi xa sisiva igama elithi umhlaza webele, abafazi kwilizwe lethu bayoyika kakhulu. Kodwa musani ukoyika. Isayensi yezonyango iyaqhubeka imihla ngemihla. Iindlela ezintsha ngoku zingeniswe kwihlabathi liphela zokufumanisa umhlaza webele kwangethuba nokuwunyanga ngempumelelo. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezi ndlela zintsha nezithembisayo. Ukuzazi ezi kuya kuba kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe nakubantu obathandayo.
Iindlela zamva nje zokuskena zokufumanisa umhlaza
Sidla ngokwenza i-mammogram kunye ne-ultrasound ukujonga umhlaza webele. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bacebisa ne-MRI scan. Kodwa abaphandi ngoku bajonga ii-scan eziphucukileyo nezichanekileyo.
Ngamafutshane, ezi ziindlela zobugcisa obuphezulu nezichanekileyo zokuchonga iiseli zomhlaza.
- Ukujonga ngeliso: Oku kuquka ukukhanyisa isibane esikhethekileyo esidlula esifubeni. Uvavanyo lulinganisa ubungakanani bokukhanya okubuyela umva okanye okuhamba ngaphakathi kwizicubu. Uphando luyaqhubeka okwangoku ukuze kubonwe ukuba le ndlela ingadityaniswa na ne-MRI okanye i-3D mammograms ukuze kufunyanwe umhlaza ngokuchanekileyo.
- Umzobo Wesifuba Semolekyuli (MBI): Kulapho kwenzeka khona into emangalisayo ngokwenene. Inani elincinci kakhulu leyeza elinomhlaza (i-tracer) lifakwa emzimbeni ngemithambo yegazi. Eli yeza liya ngqo kwiiseli zomhlaza webele lize linamathele kuzo. Emva koko, xa ulijonga ngekhamera ekhethekileyo, ungabona apho iiseli zomhlaza zikhoyo. Ngoku bajonga ukuba le ndlela ingasetyenziswa na ukwenza olu vavanyo ukongeza kwi-mammogram yabasetyhini abanamabele axineneyo kunye nokuhlola ngakumbi amaqhuma akrokrisayo abonwa kwi-mammogram.
- I-Positron Emission Mammography (PEM): Le ifana ne-MBI, kodwa isebenzisa into ene-radioactive enamathele kwisuntswana leswekile ukuze ibone iiseli zomhlaza. Le ndlela ingasetyenziswa xa i-MRI ingenakwenzeka.
- I-Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT): Iiseli zomhlaza webele ziqhuba umbane ngendlela eyahlukileyo kuneeseli eziqhelekileyo. Ayimangalisi loo nto? Olu vavanyo lukhangela loo mahluko. Lulinganisa umahluko ngokuthumela umbane omncinci kakhulu ngee-electrodes ezincinci ezibekwe eluswini.
Uvavanyo lwe-Artificial Intelligence (AI) kunye neMammogram
Ubusazi na ukuba ngaphambili, yingcali ye-radiology kuphela eyayiza kugqiba ukuba i-mammogram ayinayo na umhlaza ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo ze-mammogram? Kodwa abantu banokwenza iimpazamo. Izifundo zibonise ukuba malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abathatha i-mammogram minyaka le kangangeminyaka eli-10 baya kufumana i-false positive , oko kuthetha ukuba abanayo umhlaza, ubuncinane kube kanye ebomini babo. Kwaye phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-30% baya kufumana i-false negative , oko kuthetha ukuba abanayo umhlaza.
Ngoku kukho isisombululo esifanelekileyo koku. Loo nto yingqiqo yokwenziwa, okanye njengoko sonke sisazi, `Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI)`.
Ngoku, isoftware ye-AI isetyenziselwa ukunceda oogqirha. Le AI inokufunda amawaka ee- mammograms kwaye ibone notshintsho oluncinci olunokuthi iliso lomntu liluphose. Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba i-AI ingenza umsebenzi kagqirha. Ngobuchwepheshe bangoku, i-AI ayinakuthatha indawo kagqirha. Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba xa amava kagqirha kunye nezakhono zokujonga ezibukhali ze-AI zidityanisiwe, umhlaza unokufunyaniswa ngokuchanekileyo nangokukhawuleza .
Unyango olujoliswe kulo
Ngaphambili, umhlaza wawunyangwa nge-chemotherapy. I-chemotherapy lunyango oluchaphazela zonke iiseli ezahlukana ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni. Oku kuthetha ukuba ayichaphazeli kuphela iiseli zomhlaza, kodwa neeseli ezisempilweni ezifana neeseli zeenwele kunye neeseli zegazi. Le yimbangela yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezongezelelekileyo.
Kodwa ngoku kukho unyango olutsha olubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Targeted Therapy)`. Olu lukhethekile kakhulu. Ezinye iiseli zomhlaza webele zineproteni ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-`HER2` kumphezulu wazo ngobuninzi. Unyango olujoliswe kulo lufumana kuphela iiseli zomhlaza ezineproteni ye-`HER2` kwaye luzihlasele. Oku kubangela umonakalo omncinci kakhulu kwiiseli eziphilileyo.
| Indlela yonyango | Ingaba isebenza kanjani |
|---|---|
| I-Chemotherapy yendabuko | Ichaphazela zonke iiseli ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni (ezinomhlaza nezisempilweni). |
| Unyango olujoliswe kulo | Zijolise kwaye zihlasela kuphela iimpawu ezithile zeeseli zomhlaza (umz., iproteni yeHER2). Zibangela umonakalo omncinci kwiiseli ezisempilweni. |
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zonyango olujoliswe kuzo olufumanekayo namhlanje. `Trastuzumab (Herceptin)` kunye ne`Pertuzumab (Perjeta)` zezinye zazo. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.
'I-Liquid Biopsy': Ifumanisa umhlaza ngethontsi legazi
Xa sicinga nge-biopsy, sicinga ngokusika iqhekeza elincinci lethishu kwindawo ekrokrisayo size silihlolisise. Kodwa khawucinge ukuba bekuya kuba lula kangakanani ukuba besinokufumana ulwazi malunga nomhlaza ngovavanyo lwegazi olulula? Yiloo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Liquid Biopsy."
Xa unomhlaza, iziqwenga ezincinci zeDNA ephukileyo ziqokelelana egazini lakho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"circulating tumor DNA". I-liquid biopsy ikhangela ezo ziqwenga zeDNA yomhlaza kwisampulu yegazi. Oku kuneenzuzo ezininzi:
- Utshintsho (utshintsho) kumhlaza lunokubonwa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lonyango .
- Ngoko ke, oogqirha banokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza iindlela zonyango baze banike unyango olufanelekileyo ngakumbi.
- Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunceda ekufumaneni kwangethuba ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na emva kotyando.
Nangona le ndlela isesekwinqanaba lophando, wonke umntu ukholelwa ukuba iya kuba baluleke kakhulu kwixesha elizayo ekulawuleni umhlaza webele.
Izisombululo zomhlaza nge-nanotechnology
I-nanotechnology yisayensi esebenzisa amasuntswana amancinci kakhulu ukuba angabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Olu luncedo olukhulu kunyango lomhlaza.
Khawucinge nje ukuba ungahambisa iphakheji kwidilesi efanelekileyo, njengomthumeli, ngokufaka amayeza e-chemotherapy kwii-nanoparticles uze uwathumele ngqo kwiseli yomhlaza? Yiyo loo nto i-nanotechnology iyenzayo. Eyona nzuzo inkulu yoku kukuba amayeza e-chemotherapy atshabalalisa ngokuthe ngqo iiseli zomhlaza ngaphandle kokulimaza izicubu eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye kwandisa impumelelo yonyango.
Uvavanyo lwezonyango
Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwenziwa kwihlabathi liphela ukuvavanya amayeza amatsha kunye nonyango lomhlaza webele. Injongo ephambili yale mivavanyo kukufumana unyango olusebenzayo ngakumbi, oluneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa, nolungamkhathazi kangako umguli .
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo olufana nolu kunokukunika ithuba lokuzama unyango olutsha kwiminyaka ngaphambi kokuba lufike kwimarike. Kodwa alulungelanga wonke umntu. Ngoko ke kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba lukulungele na wena kunye nezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umhlaza webele awusosifo esoyikwayo nesimele sizimele kuso. Isayensi yezonyango ihambele phambili kakhulu ngoku, ngoko hlala unethemba.
- Iindlela ezintsha zokuskena ezifana ne-AI kunye ne-MBI zenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukubona umhlaza kwangethuba nangokuchaneka ngakumbi.
- Ngenxa yezinto ezifana nonyango olujoliswe kulo kunye ne-nanotechnology, ngoku kunokwenzeka ukufumana unyango olusebenzayo oluneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa.
- Iindlela ezifana neLiquid Biopsy ziya kuba luncedo kakhulu ekucwangciseni unyango kwixesha elizayo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo unesikrokro malunga nomhlaza webele, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko . Thetha naye ngokukhululekileyo malunga nonyango olutsha kunye noko kukulungeleyo.
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