Masifunde nge-cerebral cortex: i-supercomputer esebuchotsheni bethu!

Esona sitho simangalisayo nesintsonkothileyo emzimbeni wethu yingqondo. Sifana ne-supercomputer. Yonke into esiyicingayo, esiyivayo, esiyikhumbulayo, nesiyifundayo ilawulwa yile nxalenye incinci. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yale supercomputer, "ixolo" elingaphandle kwengqondo. Kwizonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-cerebral cortex , okanye (Cerebral Cortex).

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Yintoni iCerebral Cortex?

Ngamafutshane, i-cerebral cortex lulwaleko olungaphandle noluncinci olujikeleze inxalenye enkulu yengqondo yethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-cerebrum. Ukuba wakha wawubona umfanekiso wengqondo, ibonakala ishwabene kwaye igobile, akunjalo? Loo mbonakalo ishwabeneyo ibangelwa yile cortex ye-cerebral.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba ufuna ukupakisha iphepha elikhulu kwibhokisi encinci, kufuneka uligobe uze ulityumze, akunjalo? Ngendlela efanayo, ubuchopho bethu benziwe ngemibimbi ngale ndlela ukuze kungene ii-neurons ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Le mibimbi inyusa kakhulu indawo yomphezulu we-cerebral cortex. Malunga neesentimitha-skwele ezingama-2,500 ukuba zichaneke! Oku kuvumela ubuchopho bethu ukuba bucubungule ulwazi oluthe kratya kwaye bucinge ngezinto ezintsonkothileyo.

Nangona olu maleko lunobukhulu obuziimilimitha ezimbalwa kuphela, lwenza malunga ne-50% yobunzima bengqondo yethu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba luqulathe iiseli zemithambo-luvo eziphakathi kwe-14 ne-16 yeebhiliyoni.

Iingxangxasi ezinzulu ezibangelwa lolu hlobo lunemibimbi zibizwa ngokuba yi-"sulci" kwaye imibixano ephakanyisiweyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-"gyri". Ezi zizakhiwo ezigcina izigidi zeeseli zemithambo-luvo ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwengqondo yethu.

Kutheni oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Gray Matter'?

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva igama elithi 'grey matter'. Yiyo loo nto le nxalenye ye-cerebral cortex ithetha ngayo. Iiseli zemithambo-luvo kule nxalenye azinawo uqweqwe olunamafutha olubizwa ngokuba yi-'(myelin)'. Yiyo loo nto ingwevu. Iifayibha zemithambo-luvo 'kwi-white matter' ngaphakathi kwengqondo zigqunywe yi-'(myelin)', ngoko ke imhlophe.

Iindawo eziphambili ze-cerebral cortex kunye nemisebenzi yazo

I-cortex yethu yobuchopho yahlulwe kakhulu yaba zii-hemispheres ezimbini ezilinganayo. Oko kukuthi, i-hemisphere yasekhohlo kunye ne-hemisphere yasekunene . Ezi hemispheres zimbini ziqhagamshelwe yibhulorho eyenziwe ngenani elikhulu lee-nerve fibers ezibizwa ngokuba yi-corpus callosum. Kungoku ke apho ulwazi lutshintshiselwana khona phakathi kwezi hemispheres zimbini.

Ukongeza, nganye kwezi hemispheres yahlulwe ngakumbi yaba ziingingqi ezine eziphambili, okanye iilobe. Nganye kwezi lobe inemisebenzi ethile. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na.

Ilobe	Imisebenzi ephambili	Iimpawu zomonakalo
I-Lobe yangaphambili Inxalenye engaphambili yobuchopho, ngasemva kwebunzi	Ukwenza izigqibo nokusombulula iingxaki : ukwenza izicwangciso, ukuqonda okulungileyo nokungalunganga. Ubuntu kunye neemvakalelo: Ukuziphatha kwethu, ulawulo lweemvakalelo. Intetho: Ukukwazi ukuthetha ngendlela ehambelanayo (indawo kaBroca ilapha). Ukuziphatha kwezentlalo: Ulawula indlela yokuziphatha kwindawo, njengakwitheko. Ingqalelo kunye nentshukumo: Ukugxila ingqalelo kwinto ethile, ukulawula iintshukumo zomzimba (i-motor cortex).	Iingxaki zememori Ubunzima bokugxila Ukungakwazi ukulawula iimvakalelo Ukuziphatha okungafanelekanga kwezentlalo Ubunzima bokuthetha Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo kwelinye icala lomzimba
I-Parietal Lobe Ngaphezulu kwentloko, phakathi kwamathambo angaphambili kunye namathambo e-parietal	Ukucubungula imizwa: ukubona izinto ezinje ngokuchukumisa, ubushushu, uxinzelelo, intlungu, njl. Ulwazi ngeNdawo: Ukuhambahamba egumbini ungakhubeki, ufumana indlela yakho ujikeleze isixeko. Ukuqonda ihlabathi elisingqongileyo: Ukudibanisa ulwazi oluvela kwiimvakalelo zethu ukuze senze umfanekiso wehlabathi elisingqongileyo. Ulungelelaniso phakathi kwesandla neliso.	Ukungakwazi ukubhala Ukungakwazi ukubona izinto ngokuzichukumisa Ubunzima bokusombulula iingxaki zezibalo Ukungabi namandla kwamalungu omzimba Ukuphazamiseka kokuhambelana kwesandla namehlo
I-Lobe yexeshana Ngaphezulu kweendlebe, kumacala omabini obuchopho	Ukuva: Ukuqonda nokuqonda izandi. Inkumbulo: Ukugcina iinkumbulo ezintsha, ukukhumbula ingoma. Ukuqonda ulwimi: Ukuqonda into ethethwa ngumntu. Ukuqaphela ubuso nezinto: Ukuqaphela ubuso babahlobo. Iimvakalelo kunye nokufunda.	Iingxaki zokuva kunye nememori Ukungakwazi ukubona ubuso nezinto Ubunzima bokuqonda ulwimi Iimeko ezifana nesifo sika-Alzheimer, ukuxhuzula okubangelwa kukuxhuzula, kunye ne-dyslexia.
I-Occipital Lobe Umva wentloko, ngaphezulu kwentamo	Ukucubungula ulwazi olubonakalayo: Ukuguqula imiqondiso evela kwi-retina ibe yimibala, iintshukumo, kunye neemilo. Ukuqatshelwa kobuso nezinto. Ukuqonda umgama kunye nobunzulu (Ukuqonda Ubunzulu). Ngamafutshane, eli "liziko lethu lombono."	Ukungaboni imibala Ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo (Hallucinations) Ukungakwazi ukubona izinto ezininzi ngaxeshanye Ukuba yimfama ngokupheleleyo

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba i-cerebral cortex yonakele?

Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zokuba le nxalenye ibalulekileyo yengqondo inokonakala. Umzekelo:

Iithumba zobuchopho
Istroke
Ukopha igazi engqondweni
Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni
Ukulimala kakhulu entloko

Njengoko itheyibhile engasentla ibonisa, iimpawu ziyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwinxalenye yengqondo eyonakeleyo. Umzekelo, ubuntu bomntu bunokutshintsha ukuba i-frontal lobe yonakele. Ngokufanayo, umbono womntu unokulahleka ukuba i-occipital lobe yonakele.

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unezinye zezi mpawu, musa ukucinga nto kwaye ubone ugqirha okanye ugqirha ofanelekileyo ngoko nangoko. Iingxaki ezinxulumene nobuchopho zinobuzaza kakhulu, ngoko ke ukufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza kubalulekile.

Ingqondo yindawo elawula umzimba wethu. Yiyo le nto isenza sibe "ngabantu." Ngoko ke, ukwazi ezi nyaniso malunga ne-cerebral cortex, eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo ye-supercomputer, kuya kuba luncedo olukhulu ekuqapheleni impilo yethu.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

I-cerebral cortex yinxalenye engaphandle, eshwabeneyo, necingayo yobuchopho bethu. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"grey matter".
Imibimbi kunye nokugoba kwayo kwenza ukuba ikwazi ukugcina iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezininzi kwindawo encinci.
Yahlulwe yangamacandelo amane aphambili (i-frontal, i-parietal, i-temporal, kunye ne-occipital), ngalinye lawo linemisebenzi ekhethekileyo (efana nentetho, umbono, inkumbulo, kunye nokwenza izigqibo).
Iimpawu zomonakalo kwi-cerebral cortex ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho umonakalo wenzeka khona.
Ukuba uneempawu ezinxulumene nengqondo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungazivavanyi kwaye ubone ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.