Yintoni i-autism (Autism Spectrum Disorder - ASD)? Musa ukoyika, masithethe ngayo

Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci udlala yedwa ngaphandle kokudibana nabanye abantwana? Okanye akakujongi emehlweni xa uthetha? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uphinda into efanayo? Kuqhelekile ukuba wena njengomzali uzive usoyika kwaye ukhathazekile xa ubona izinto ezinje. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-autism, ebonisa ezi mpawu kwaye ithethwa ngabantu abaninzi. Akukho sizathu sokoyika. Masiqonde yonke into ngale nto ngokulula nangokucacileyo.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-autism?

I-Autism, okanye eyaziwa ngokwezonyango njenge- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), yimeko enzima echaphazela uphuhliso lobuchopho. Ayisosifo, kodwa lutshintsho kwindlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo. Oku kunokuchaphazela indlela umntu one-autism asebenzisana ngayo nabanye, anxibelelana ngayo, afunda ngayo, kwaye aziphethe ngayo.

Iimpawu ze-autism zihlala ziqala ukubonakala ngaphambi kokuba zibe neminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Le meko ihlala ubomi bonke. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-"spectrum" kuba indlela echaphazela ngayo umntu ngamnye kunye nobunzima bayo iyahluka kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho bantu babini abane-autism abafanayo.

Ngaba kukho amanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-autism?

Ewe. I-Autism ayichaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Ngaphambili, abantu babesebenzisa amagama anje ngokuthi "ukusebenza okuphezulu" kunye "nokusebenza okuphantsi." Kodwa la magama aphelelwe lixesha kwaye anokuba yingozi. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha bengasawasebenzisi la magama.

Kunoko, kuqaliswe amanqanaba amathathu ngokusekelwe kubungakanani benkxaso umntu one-autism ayidingayo.

Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza xa uthetha ngomntu one- autism kukubuza loo mntu ngokwakhe okanye umntu omnyamekelayo ukuba angathanda ukuchazwa njani.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-autism?

Iimpawu ze-autism zinokwahluka kancinci phakathi kwabantwana nabantu abadala.

Iimpawu ezinokubonwa ebantwaneni

• Ukungajongani emehlweni.
• Akaphenduli igama nokuba uneenyanga ezili-9 ubudala.
• Ayidlali imidlalo elula efana nokuqhwaba izandla xa uneenyanga ezili-12 ubudala.
• Bapakisha amathoyizi abo ngokulandelelana okufanayo, baze bacaphuke kakhulu xa olo landelelwano lutshintshiwe.
• Ukuphinda-phinda into enye. Umzekelo, ukuthetha amagama afanayo, ukushukuma ubuyela umva, okanye ukushukumisa izandla zakho.
• Ukungajongi oko kuboniswa ngabanye abantu.
• Ukungabi namdla wokudlala nabanye abantwana.
• Ukulibazisa izinto ezifana nokuthetha nokuhamba.
• Uvakalelo oluphezulu kwizandi eziqhelekileyo, ivumba, kunye nokuchukumisa.
• Ukungafuni ukwangiwa okanye ukubanjwa ngumntu.

Iimpawu ezibonwa kubantu abadala

• Ubunzima bokuqonda oko abanye bakucingayo nabakuvakalelwayo.
• Ukukhetha ukuba wedwa okanye ukufumana ubunzima bokufumana abahlobo.
• Ixhala kwiimeko zentlalo (umz., iminyhadala, iipati).
• Ndikhetha ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngendlela efanayo, ngokulandelelana okufanayo, kwaye ndingafuni ukubona itshintsha.
• Izinto ezithethwayo ziyafana (ilitha)ZONKE y) Ukuqonda. (umz. ubunzima bokuqonda izifaniso ezifana "nokwaphula umlenze").
• Ubunzima bokujonga emehlweni nokuthetha.
• Ukuba ngumntu ongenanjongo, okrwada, okanye ongenamdla kunokubonakala ngathi yinto embi.

Yintoni "i-Stimming" kunye ne "Meltdowns"?

Ukushukumisa umzimba kubhekisa kwiindlela zokuziphatha ezivuselela ingqondo. Umzekelo, abanye abantu abane-autism bashukumisa izandla zabo, bashukumisa iminwe yabo, baze bashukumise ingqondo. Bakwenza oku ukuze bonwabe, bakruquke, okanye balawule uxinzelelo okanye ixhala. Oku kubanceda bazole.

Ukuwa komoya akupheleli nje ekucaphukeni okubangelwa ngumntwana. Kukusabela okungalawulekiyo kwenkqubo yakhe yemithambo-luvo xa imeko iba nzima kakhulu kumntu one-autism, njengevumba, isandi, okanye ukukhanya. Ngeli xesha, banokukhala, bakhale, bakhabe, okanye bathule ngokupheleleyo. Banike indawo, benze indawo ekhuselekileyo, kwaye ubaphathe ngentlonelo.

Yintoni ebangela i-autism? Ingaba ibangelwa ziigonyo?

Isizathu esichanekileyo se-autism asikaziwa okwangoku , kodwa kukholeleka ukuba kungenxa yotshintsho oluthile kwiindawo zengqondo ezisebenzisa ulwazi lweemvakalelo kunye nolwimi.

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko ezichaphazela oku:

• Izinto ezibangela ufuzo: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho one-autism, umntwana naye usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nayo.
• Ubudala bomzali: Ubudala babazali ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Iingxaki ngexesha lokuzalwa: Izinto ezifana nokuzalwa unobunzima obuphantsi kakhulu.
• Isini: I-Autism ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabafana kunamantombazana.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-autism? (Ukuxilongwa)

Akukho vavanyo lwegazi okanye lomchamo olunokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo isifo se-autism. Oogqirha bayichonga ngokuqwalasela ngononophelo indlela umntwana aziphethe ngayo nokukhula kwakhe.

Kukho amanyathelo amabini kule nkqubo:

1. Uvavanyo lophuhliso:Xa usisa umntwana wakho ekliniki, ugqirha uza kujonga ukukhula komntwana. Baza kujonga ukuba izinto ezifana nokuthetha, ukuhamba, nokufunda zenzeka ngexesha elifanelekileyo na ngokweminyaka yakhe. Ngokwesiqhelo, banika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwi-autism kwiikliniki zeenyanga ezili-18 nezingama-24. Ukuba bacinga ukuba kukho ukulibaziseka okanye ingxaki, baza kukuthumela kwinyathelo elilandelayo.

2. Uvavanyo Olupheleleyo: Ukuze oku kwenzeke, kuya kuthunyelwa kwingcali efana nengcali yezengqondo yabantwana okanye ugqirha wezingane ophuhlisayo noziphatha kakuhle. Baza kuhlola indlela umntwana aziphethe ngayo, unxibelelwano lwakhe, kunye nezakhono zakhe zokucinga. Baza kubuza imibuzo kubazali. Ngamanye amaxesha, baya kufuna uncedo kwingcali yezifo zolwimi lokuthetha kunye nengcali yezonyango zomsebenzi.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-autism?

Okokuqala, khumbula ukuba akukho 'pilisi yomlingo' enokuyinyanga ngokupheleleyo i-autism. Kodwa ukuqala unyango kwangethuba kunokunceda umntwana wakho aphuhlise izakhono zakhe aze alawule imingeni yakhe. Unyango luyahluka kumntu nomntu.

Ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zonyango zezi:

• Unyango Lokuziphatha: Lunceda ekukhuthazeni ukuziphatha okuhle nokulawula ukuziphatha okungafunekiyo. Uhlalutyo Lokuziphatha Olusetyenziswayo (i-ABA) yindlela yonyango eyaziwayo ewela phantsi kolu didi.
• Unyango Lophuhliso: Unyango Lokuthetha luphucula izakhono zonxibelelwano. Unyango Lomsebenzi luphucula izakhono zemihla ngemihla ezifana nokunxiba nokutya.
• Iindlela Zonyango Zemfundo: Ukulungisa iindlela zemfundo ukuze zihambelane neemfuno zomntwana.
• Amayeza: Nangona kungekho ndlela yonyango lwe-autism, oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha banika amayeza okulawula ezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene noko (umz., ukusebenza kakhulu, ixhala, ukungakwazi ukulala).

Unganceda njani njengomzali?

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-autism, uthando lwakho kunye nenkxaso yakho zezona zinto zinamandla akhe amakhulu.

• Uncedo ngonxibelelwano: Xa uthetha nomntwana wakho, xela igama lakhe. Thetha kancinci, ngamazwi alula nacacileyo. Sebenzisa imifanekiso kunye neempawu.
• Yenza inkqubo eqhelekileyo:Abantwana abane-autism abayithandi into yokutshintsha izinto, ngoko ke gcina izinto ezifana namaxesha okutya, amaxesha okudlala, kunye namaxesha okulala ehambelanayo.
• Nceda ngeengxaki zokulala: Zama ukulala ngexesha elifanayo yonke imihla. Yenza igumbi lakho libe mnyama kwaye lizole.
• Nceda uphuhlise izakhono zentlalo: Musa ukumnyanzela umntwana wakho. Mbandakanye kwimisebenzi yamaqela amancinci. Mnike ixesha lokufunda izakhono zentlalo.