Abalawuli abancinci abafihlakeleyo bemizimba yethu: Ngaba singathetha nje ngee-chromosomes?

Molo! Unjani? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngento emangalisayo nebalulekileyo engaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, kodwa asicingi kakhulu ngayo. Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kutheni umbala wamehlo akho ufana nokamama wakho, okanye umbala weenwele zakho ufana nokatata wakho? Mhlawumbi umntu ukhe wathi uncumo lwakho lufana nolukamazala wakho, akunjalo? Iichromosomes zizinto ezidibene nazo zonke ezi zinto, kwaye zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo ezincinci zomzimba wethu. Nangona igama lisenokuvakala ngathi yinto enkulu, ungakhathazeki, le yinto enokuqondwa ngokulula. Masithethe ngayo namhlanje, njengokuthetha nomhlobo.

Zithini kanye kanye ezi seli? Masiqale apho!

Khawuthelekelele umzimba wakho wonke njengendlu enkulu, entle. Le ndlu yenziwe ngeebhiliyoni zezitena ezincinci. Asinakubona nasinye isitena sodwa, kodwa xa sizidibanisa, singenza indlu enkulu. Ngendlela efanayo, imizimba yethu yenziwe ngamalungu amancinci, angabonakaliyo. Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba ziiseli . Ezi seli zincinci kangangokuba sidinga isixhobo esikhethekileyo, imakroskopu, ukuze sizibone.

Ezi seli zifumaneka eluswini lwethu, entliziyweni, engqondweni , emehlweni, nakuzo zonke iindawo emzimbeni wethu. Kufana nokuba igumbi ngalinye nodonga endlwini zenziwe ngezitena. Iseli nganye inomsebenzi wayo othile. Ezinye iiseli ziyadibana ukuze zenze ulusu, kwaye ezinye ziyadibana ukuze zenze intliziyo . Ayimangalisi loo nto?

Ziphi ke ezi chromosomes? Zijongeka njani?

Kulungile, ngoku siyazi ngeeseli. Bendithetha iindawo ezincinci zomzimba wethu ezifana nezitena. Ngaphakathi kwiseli nganye, kukho indawo ebaluleke kakhulu, njengedrowa encinci okanye i-sefu kwigumbi elincinci. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokwesayensi ngokuba yi-nucleus . Ngamafutshane, liziko lolawulo lweseli. Ngaphakathi kuloo nucleus, ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-chromosomes zigcinwa.

Uyazi ukuba ezi zinto zibukeka njani? Zifana nemisonto emide efana nemisonto . Khawuthelekelele iibhola ezininzi ezintle kakhulu zemisonto, zonke zidibene, zilungelelaniswe kakuhle. Kodwa ngaba ezi aziyomisonto nje edibeneyo? Ngaphakathi kwezi zinto kugcinwe uthotho lolwazi oluxabisekileyo kunye nemiyalelo efanelekileyo kubomi bethu bonke, kubomi bethu.

Zithini ii-genes ezingaphakathi kwii-chromosomes?

Ngoku siyazi ukuba ii-chromosomes zifana nemisonto ngaphakathi kweeseli. Ukuba ujonga i-chromosome enye, kukho amakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha amawaka, abaluleke ngakumbi, iindawo ezincinci ngaphakathi kuyo. Ezo ndawo zincinci zezo sizibiza ngokuba zii-genes .

Ngamafutshane, ukuba i-chromosome yincwadi enkulu, ii-genes zifana nezahluko, okanye izivakalisi, okanye amagama kuloo ncwadi. I-gene nganye inemiyalelo ekhethekileyo, okanye umyalezo, okanye ulwazi olubhalelwe imizimba yethu.

Cinga ngee-genes njengamanyathelo kwiresiphi yokutya okumnandi. Enye i-gene ikuxelela ukuba amehlo akho afanele abe nombala onjani, enye ikuxelela ukuba iinwele zakho mazithe tye okanye zigobile, kwaye enye ikuxelela ukuba ubude bakho bufanele bube bunjani. Kukho amawaka emiyalelo efana nale ngaphakathi kwezi genes.

Ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni kwezi gene? Kutheni sizidinga?

Ezi jini zezona zinto ziphambili ezisenza sibe 'ngabantu'. Oko kuthetha ukuba uninzi lweempawu zethu zomzimba lumiselwa yimiyalelo esiyifumana kwezi jini. Jonga le mizekelo:

• Umbala wamehlo akho (luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, mdaka, mnyama, ngwevu).
• Umbala kunye nobume beenwele zakho (ezimnyama, ezimdaka, ezimthubi; ezithe tye, ezigobileyo, ezigobileyo).
• Umbala wolusu lwakho .
• Ukuba umde okanye umfutshane kudla ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni ungumntu omde okanye omfutshane (kakade ke, izinto ezifana nesondlo nazo zidlala indima, kodwa isicwangciso esisisiseko yimfuza).
• Nezinto ezincinci ezifana nokuba ii-earplugs zakho zixhunyiwe okanye azixhunyiwe .
• Ukuchaphazeleka kwakho zizifo ezithile, oko kukuthi, nokuba amathuba akho okufumana izifo ezithile aphantsi okanye aphantsi.

Amawaka ezinto ezinje axhomekeke kwimiyalelo esiyifumana kwiijini zethu. Njengesoftware ekwikhompyutha, ezi jini zixelela imizimba yethu indlela yokuziphatha kunye nendlela yokwenza umsebenzi ngamnye.

Umzekelo, khawucinge ukuba umhlobo wakho uKasun unamehlo amdaka njengonina. Oku kungenxa yokuba uKasun uzuze iijini zamehlo amdaka njengonina. Nangona kunjalo, iinwele zikaKasun zinokuba mnyama mnyama kwaye zigobile njengezikayise. Oku kungenxa yokuba wazuza iijini ngenxa yazo kuyise. Le yindlela sonke esizuza ngayo iimpawu kubazali bethu.

Zingaphi iikhromosomu esinazo? Zivela phi?

Eli linqaku elibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo, iseli nganye emntwini ophilileyo (ngaphandle kweentlobo ezithile zeeseli ezikhethekileyo, umzekelo, iiseli zesini) ineeperi ezingama-23 zezi chromosomes. Isibini sithetha ukuba zimbini. Ngoko ke xa uzidibanisa zonke, kukho iichromosomes ezingama-46 .

Khawuthelekelele unezihlangu ezintle ezingama-23. Kwizihlangu nganye, esinye sivela kumama wakho kwaye esinye sivela kutata wakho. Kulula kakhulu, akunjalo?

Oko kuthetha ukuba, kwii-chromosomes ezingama-46 ozifumanayo, isiqingatha kanye, oko kukuthi, ezingama-23, zivela kumama wakho omthandayo . Esinye isiqingatha, oko kukuthi, ezinye ii-chromosomes ezingama-23, zivela kutata wakho omthandayo . Oku kwenzeka xa sizalwa, oko kukuthi, iqanda elivela kumama wethu kunye neseli yesidoda esivela kutata wethu (Ngexesha lokuqokelelwa kweeseli zesidoda .

Olu luyilo oluhle kakhulu ngokwendalo. Ngale ndlela, sifumana iichromosomes eziqulathe iijini ezivela kumama nakutata, yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha sifana nomama wethu, ngamanye amaxesha sifana notata wethu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sixube kakuhle zombini. Ngamanye amaxesha sinokufana nootatomkhulu noomakhulu bethu, kuba ezo jini zidluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana .

Ezi chromosomes zingama-46 zikhona emzimbeni wakho xa uzalwa, kwaye zihlala nawe ubomi bakho bonke, ukususela xa usengumntwana, ukuya xa usemncinci, ukuya xa sele umdala. Zizo ezikhokela ukukhula nophuhliso lomzimba wakho, zinceda yonke into ukuba ihambe kakuhle.

Isigqibo sokuba umntwana yintombazana okanye yinkwenkwe sinxulumene nezi chromosomes!

Sithe kukho ii-chromosomes ezingama-23. Kwezi, ii-chromosomes ezingama-22 ziyafana kakhulu kuzo zombini izini. Ezi zezona zilawula zonke ezinye iimpawu zomzimba (ezifana nobude, umbala wamehlo, kunye nombala wolusu).

Kodwa isibini sokugqibela, okanye sama-23, see-chromosomes sikhethekile kancinci. Esi sibini simisela ukuba umntu uyindoda okanye ungumfazi. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha bebiza ezi chromosomes zesini .

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezi chromosomes zesini. Enye ibizwa ngokuba yi-'X' chromosome , kwaye enye ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Y' chromosome .

• Ukuba yintombazana , inee-chromosomes ezimbini ze-X. Yiyo loo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-XX . Kwezi chromosomes zimbini ze-X, enye ivela kumama kwaye enye ivela kutata.
• Ukuba yinkwenkwe , ine-chromosome enye ye-X kunye ne-chromosome enye ye-Y. Yiyo loo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-XY . Kule meko, i-chromosome ye-X ivela kumama kwaye i-chromosome ye-Y ivela kutata.

Ubonile? Isini somntwana simiselwa yi-chromosome (X okanye Y) efunyanwa nguyise. Kuba umama unokunika umntwana wakhe i-chromosome X kuphela. Utata unokunika u-X okanye u-Y. Ngoko ke ukuba utata ufumana u-Y, yinkwenkwe, kwaye ukuba utata ufumana u-X, yintombazana. Ngaba oku akunamdla kakhulu?

Ngaba ezi chromosomes zibalulekile kuthi nasemva kokuzalwa?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo! Kwanasemva kokuba uzelwe, ezi chromosomes zingama-46 ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho, phantse kuyo yonke iseli. Ukhula kancinci kancinci ukususela ebuntwaneni, ubude bakho buyanda, umzimba wakho uyatshintsha, iinzipho zakho neenwele zakho ziyakhula, kwaye xa ufumana inxeba, liyaphola, konke oku kukhokelwa ziijini ezingaphakathi kwezo chromosomes.

Zifana neplani esetyenziselwa ukwakha indlu . Imizimba yethu iyaqhubeka ikhula, ilungisa, kwaye izigcina imihla ngemihla ngokweplani leyo. Ulwazi oluqulethwe kwezi chromosomes lulo olubangela ukuba iiseli ezintsha emizimbeni yethu zikhule.

Ngamanye amaxesha, kunqabile, ezi chromosomes zinokuba notshintsho oluthile, ukusilela, okanye ukongezwa. Kulapho kuvela khona iingxaki ezithile zemfuza , ezifana neDown Syndrome . Ke ngoko, ukuba nezi chromosomes kwinani elifanelekileyo (oko kukuthi, 46) kwaye ngokulandelelana ngokuchanekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yethu.

Kodwa akukho mfuneko yokoyika izinto ezinjalo ngalo lonke ixesha. Kuba uninzi lwexesha, le nkqubo inzima yenzeka ngokuchanekileyo nangendlela emangalisayo. Bekungayi kuba yinto ephosakeleyo ukubiza oku ngokuba yindalo emangalisayo.

Ngoko ke, sithini isigidimi esifanele sisikhumbule kweli bali?

Kulungile, sithethe kakhulu ngeekhromosomu namhlanje, akunjalo? Ndicinga ukuba unengcamango elungileyo ngoku. Ngamafutshane, nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Iichromosomes zincinci, zifana nomsonto, kodwa zinamandla kakhulu ezifumaneka phantse kuyo yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu.
• Ezi chromosomes ziqulathe amawaka eejini. Ezi jini zimisela iimpawu ezininzi zomzimba, njengombala wamehlo ethu, ubume beenwele zethu, kunye nobude.
• Sonke sineekhromozomu ezingama-46 kwiiseli zethu, okanye iipere ezingama-23. Sifumana isiqingatha sazo (23) kumama wethu kwaye esinye isiqingatha (23) sifumana kubaba wethu.
• Nokuba singabasetyhini (XX) okanye singamadoda (XY) kuxhomekeka kwisibini esikhethekileyo sezi chromosomes, iichromosomes zesini.
• Ezi chromosomes ziyaqhubeka nokukhokela ukukhula kwemizimba yethu, ukulungiswa kwayo, kunye nokusinda kwayo ngendlela esempilweni nasemva kokuba sizelwe.

Iichromosome zizinto ezincinci ezimangalisayo ezisenza sibe 'ngabantu', sibe yiplani esisiseko yemizimba yethu, kunye nobuwena bethu. Ukwazi ngazo akuyi kukunceda nje kuphela ukuqonda indlela eyinkimbinkimbi neyilwe kakuhle ngayo imizimba yethu, kodwa kuya kukunceda nokuba ukhathalele impilo yakho!

Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo xa uzijonga esipilini, ujonge amehlo akho, iinwele zakho, umbala wolusu lwakho, ucinge ngoncumo lwakho, khumbula ukuba ngasemva kwako konke oku kukho ii-chromosomes ezincinci ozifumene kumama notata wakho, ezibhalwe ngobuwena bakho. Asiyonto ikhethekileyo leyo?

Iikhromosomu , iiGene, iiSeli, uFuzo, iimpawu zomzimba, iiGenetics, impilo