Ngaba kukho ukungqubana phakathi kohlobo lwegazi lakho nolomntwana wakho? (Ukungangqinelani kwe-Rh) Masifumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye!

Xa sele ukulungele ukuba ngumama, ugqirha wakho okanye umbelekisi uza kukucela ukuba wenze uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo. Olunye lovavanyo lokuqala nolubaluleke kakhulu kukujonga uhlobo lwegazi lakho. Oku akujongi nje kuphela udidi lwegazi lakho (njengo-A, B, O, AB), kodwa kukwajonga nenye into ebizwa ngokuba yi- 'Rh factor '. Kutheni ucinga ukuba oku kubaluleke kangaka? Wazi ntoni? '(Rh factor)' yakho ngamanye amaxesha inokuchaphazela impilo yomntwana osesibelekweni sakho. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wena nomntwana wakho nicacelwe koku kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kwenu.

Yintoni i-Rh Factor? Masiyiqonde ngokulula.

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba le `(Rh factor)` ithetha ngantoni na wonke umntu. Khawuthelekelele ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisegazini lethu zifana neebhola ezincinci. Abanye abantu baneproteni ekhethekileyo, isuntswana elincinci, kumphezulu wezi seli ezibomvu zegazi. Loo proteni yileyo siyibiza ngokuba yi`(Rh factor)`. Asinguye wonke umntu onayo le protein egazini lakhe. Kodwa uninzi lwabantu ehlabathini lunayo le protein kwiiseli zabo ezibomvu zegazi.

• Ngoko ke, ukuba umntu une-Rh protein egazini lakhe, simbiza ngokuba yi -`(Rh-positive)` . Kufana nokuthi 'ewe, inayo'.
• Kwelinye icala, ukuba umntu akanayo le protein ye-Rh egazini lakhe, simbiza ngokuba yi -`(Rh-negative)` . Kufana nokuthi 'hayi, hayi'.

Ngoku ucace ngakumbi, akunjalo? Kwingxelo yakho yegazi, iqela legazi lidweliswe ngophawu oluthi + okanye - olufana no-A+, B-, O+, kunye nolu `(Rh factor)`. Oko kuthetha ukuba umntu 'olungileyo' unohlobo lwegazi u-A kwaye uneproteni ye-Rh, ngelixa umntu 'ongalunganga' enohlobo lwegazi u-B kwaye akanayo iproteni ye-Rh.

Ngoko ke yintoni ukungangqinelani kwe-Rh?

Ngoku unombono olungileyo malunga ne-`(Rh factor)`. Ngoko ke masibone ukuba yintoni i-`(Rh Incompatibility)`. Nangona oku kunokubonakala ngathi ligama elididayo, kulula kakhulu. `(Rh Incompatibility)` yimeko enokwenzeka xa i-`(Rh factor)` kamama notata womntwana bengafani, nokuba balungile okanye bangalunganga, oko kukuthi, bahlukile omnye komnye . Ngokukodwa, sithetha ngale nto ngakumbi xa umama engenguye `(Rh-negative)` kwaye utata enguye `(Rh-positive)`.

Masithathe umzekelo size sibone. Emva koko kuya kucaca ngakumbi.

Khawucinge ngale meko ilula. Kukho umama ogama linguNimali, onohlobo lwegazi oluyi-`(Rh-negative)` (oko kuthetha ukuba akanayo loo protein egazini lakhe). Umyeni wakhe, masithi uKasun, onohlobo lwegazi oluyi-`(Rh-positive)` (loo protein ikhona egazini lakhe).

Ngoku ekubeni uNimali noKasunu belindele umntwana, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba umntwana azuze uphawu lwe-`(Rh-positive)` kuyise.Oko kuthetha ukuba igazi lomntwana linokuba `(Rh-positive)`. Khumbula, akwenzeki rhoqo, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa malunga nesiqingatha seentsana ezizelwe ngumama `(Rh-negative)` kunye notata `(Rh-positive)` kusenokwenzeka ukuba `(Rh-positive)`.

Ngoko ke, umama (uNimali) `(une-Rh-negative)`, kodwa umntwana `(une-Rh-positive)`. Kulapho sithetha khona `(ukungalingani kwe-Rh)`. Oko kukuthi, `(umlinganiselo we-Rh)` kamama nomntwana bahlukile. Kufana nabantu ababini abahlala endlwini enye, kodwa bobabini bathanda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya. Kukho ukungangqinelani okuncinci.

Kutheni umntwana wokuqala ehlala ephilile? Ivela njani ke ingxaki?

Usenokuba ucinga, 'Kulungile, kutheni ke umntwana wokuqala engenangxaki yokungahambelani okunjalo?' Yinyani leyo. Uninzi lwexesha, oku `(Ukungahambelani kwe-Rh)` yingxaki enkulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa kokuqala kukamama, oko kuthetha ukuba akumlimazi umntwana . Isizathu esiphambili saloo nto kukuba ngexesha lokukhulelwa, iinkqubo zegazi zikamama nezomntwana ziyahlukana. Nangona izondlo zitshintshiselwana nge-placenta, iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zomntwana azingeni kangako kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi kamama (oko kukuthi, inkqubo yegazi kamama). Kufana nomqobo okhuselayo.

Nangona kunjalo, xa umntwana ezelwe, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lokubeleka , kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba igazi likamama nelomntwana lixubane kancinci. Oku kuqhelekile. Ukuba igazi lomntwana `(Rh-positive)` (ukuba umama `(Rh-negative)`) lingena emzimbeni kamama, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba kamama iyayiqonda iproteni ye-Rh egazini lomntwana 'njengeyasemzini'. Njengaxa intsholongwane okanye into ebangela i-allergy ingena emzimbeni wethu. Emva koko inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba kamama iqala ukwenza iiproteni ezikhethekileyo ezikhuselayo ezibizwa ngokuba yi -`(antibodies)` nxamnye nale protein ye-Rh. Ezi `(antibodies)` zifana namajoni aqeqeshiweyo. Zenzelwe ukuhlasela nokutshabalalisa iiseli zasemzini ukuba zibuya. Nje ukuba ezi `(antibodies)` zenziwe, zihlala emzimbeni kamama, kwaye ziya kusebenza ukuba into efana nale iphinda yenzeke.

Ziziphi ezinye iindlela ezinokwenziwa ngazo ii-antibodies?

Zikho nezinye iindlela ezi `( ii-antibodies )` ezinokukhula ngazo emzimbeni kamama `(ongenayo i-Rh)`, kungekuphela nje ngexesha lokubeleka. Kubalulekile ukuzazi ezi zinto:

• Ukuba wakha wafumana igazi `(Rh-positive)` kwingozi ngaphambili, kusenokwenzeka ukuba awukhange uhlolwe ngokufanelekileyo `(Rh factor)` ngelo xesha.
• Ukuba ukhe waphunyelwa sisisu ngaphambili , igazi lomntwana ongekazalwa linokungena emzimbeni kamama ngexesha lophunyelwa sisisu.
• `(Ukukhulelwa kwesibeleko)`Ukuba ukhe wakhulelwa ngaphandle kwesibeleko (ukukhulelwa ngaphandle kwesibeleko). Le yimeko eyingozi kakhulu kwaye inokubangela ukwakheka kwee-antibodies.
• Ezinye iimvavanyo ezenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa , ezifana ne -amniocentesis (uvavanyo olususa ulwelo oluncinci kwi-amniotic sac yomntwana), zinokubangela ukopha okuncinci.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kwiimeko ezinje, igazi lomntwana (okanye usana olungekazalwa) `(Rh-positive)` linokungena emzimbeni kamama lize libangele ukuba kubekho `(antibodies)`.

Ngoko ke umntwana usengozini nini? Ingakanani loo nto?

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, i-Rh `(antibodies)` ekhula emzimbeni kamama iba yingxaki kuphela ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwesibini okanye okulandelayo komama . Umntwana wokuqala akasoloko enzakala, kuba i-`(antibodies)` iqala ukukhula xa ebeleka.

Khawuthelekelele ukuba umama (ongenayo i-Rh)` kwaye ngoku ene-`(antibodies)` emzimbeni wakhe) uthwele umntwana `(Rh-positive)` esibelekweni sakhe. Emva koko, loo ma-Rh `(antibodies)` awayekhe akhiwa emzimbeni kamama kwaye ephaphile anokubona iiproteni ze-Rh kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu zegazi lomntwana njenge-``ziintshaba zangaphandle,''. Njengabalindi. Emva koko la ma-`(antibodies)` anqumla i-placenta aze angene egazini lomntwana, aze aqale ukuhlasela iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zomntwana ezingenatyala.

Oku kunokubangela ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zomntwana zidumbe, ziqhume, kwaye zitshatyalaliswe. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi "Hemolytic disease of the newborn" okanye isifo se-Rh. Oku kunokunciphisa kakhulu inani legazi emzimbeni womntwana (ingakumbi inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezithwala ioksijini). Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana uya kuba ne -anemia . Oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu.

• Usana lunokuba ne-jaundice enzima, eba yimthubi emehlweni naselusu. Oku kubangelwa yinto eveliswa xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziqhekeka.
• Oku kunokuchaphazela intliziyo yomntwana, isibindi, kunye ne-spleen. Kwezinye iimeko, intliziyo isenokungasebenzi.
• Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, umntwana unokufa nasesibelekweni.

Ngoko ke oku akuyonto ifanele ithathwe lula. Kodwa, ungakhathazeki, unyango esiza kuthetha ngalo ngoku lwenzelwe ukuthintela ezi zinto.

Iphathwa njani i-Rh Incompatibility? Ngaba kufuneka soyike?

Ngoku usenokuba uziva usoyika kancinci xa usiva ngale nto. Kodwa, iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ngoku kukho unyango oluhle kakhulu nolusebenzayo olunokuthintela ngokupheleleyo iingxaki eziyingozi ezinokuvela ngenxa yale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Rh Incompatibility)`. Ngoko ke akukho sizathu sokuba woyike okanye ukhathazeke ngokungeyomfuneko. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha ingcebiso kagqirha ngexesha kwaye wenze njengoko bethetha.

Isitofu sokugonya i-Rh Immune-Globulin: Esi sisithinteli sethu esiphambili

Ukuba oogqirha bagqiba kwelokuba umama okhulelweyo usengozini yokungahambelani kwe-Rh (oko kukuthi, ukuba umama akanayo i-Rh kwaye utata une-Rh-positive, okanye ukuba i-Rh factor katata ayaziwa), baya kunika umama inaliti ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi -Rh immune -globulin. Eli liqhawe leli bali. Le naliti idla ngokunikezelwa ngeedosi ezimbini, ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngexesha lokukhulelwa kokuqala:

• Ugonyo lokuqala ludla ngokwenziwa malunga neeveki ezingama-28 zokukhulelwa. Kulapho igazi likamama nelomntwana liqala ukuxubana kancinci.
• Inaliti yesibini inikwa kwiiyure ezingama-72 emva kokuzalwa komntwana. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba igazi linokuxutywa kakhulu ngexesha lokubeleka.

Olu gonyo lwe-`(Rh immune-globulin)` lusebenza njengegonyo , kodwa ngomahluko omncinci. Oku kukuthintela ngokupheleleyo umzimba kamama ekubeni uvelise ezo Rh `(antibodies)` ( antibodies ) eziyingozi ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili. Kufana nokwakha udonga olukhuselayo ngaphambi kokuba kufike utshaba. Oku kunokuthintela iingxaki zempilo ezinokuba nazo umntwana osandul' ukuzalwa, kwaye ukuba ulindele omnye umntwana kwixesha elizayo, oku kuya kuba lukhuselo olukhulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Khumbula, ukuba umama uphunyelwe sisisu, i-amniocentesis , okanye naluphi na olunye uhlobo lokopha ngexesha lokukhulelwa, oogqirha baya kusoloko bemnika idosi yesi sitofu se-Rh immune-globulin. Ukuba kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokuphuhlisa ii-antibodies, yisuse nayo loo nto.

Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba ii-antibodies sele zenziwe emzimbeni kamama?

Khawucinge, ngamanye amaxesha, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba olu gonyo aluzange lunikwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo kukukhulelwa kwangaphambili, okanye ngesinye isizathu, ugqirha ufumanisa ukuba umama sele ephuhlisile i-Rh `(antibodies)` emzimbeni wakhe. Wenza ntoni ke ngoko? Ungakhathazeki, kukho nonyango lwaloo nto. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, umama nomntwana bajongwa ngononophelo olukhulu kwaye banikwa ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kulo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa. Eyona nto iphambili kukubona ukuba inqanaba le-`(antibodies)` egazini likamama liyanda ngengozi na kwaye ukuba liyamchaphazela na umntwana. Kusetyenziswa iiskeni ezikhethekileyo kunye novavanyo lwegazi koku.

Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuba ukungangqinelani kukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba kubeke umntwana esichengeni, umntwana unokufuna utofelo-gazi olukhethekileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-exchange transfusions . Ukuba oku kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe (esibelekweni), kubizwa ngokuba yi -intrauterine fetus transfusions.Ewe, ingenziwa emva kokuzalwa. Olu ``utshintsho lwegazi`` lususa igazi emzimbeni womntwana elonakeleyo ngala ``antibodies`` kwaye luthathe indawo yalo ngegazi elineeseli ezibomvu zegazi eziphilileyo, ``Rh-negative``. Oku kuzinzisa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi lomntwana, kwaye kunciphisa nomonakalo kumntwana ovela kwi``antibodies`` kamama esele esegazini lomntwana.

Kodwa, ndiyaphinda, ngenxa yempumelelo emangalisayo yale `(Rh immune-globulin)` yokugonya, zimbalwa kakhulu iimeko `(zokutshintshwa kwegazi)` ezenziwayo kule mihla. NaseSri Lanka, le mithi yokugonya isetyenziswa ngempumelelo kakhulu, phantse kuzo zonke izibhedlele, ngoko ke singaba nentembelo enkulu kuyo.

Yintoni enye ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyazi ngale nto?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba ukhulelwe kodwa awuyazi i-Rh factor yakho, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungaxhalabi, kodwa kukubona ugqirha wosapho lwakho okanye ingcali yokubelekisa-ugqirha wabasetyhini ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqale unyango olufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa . Oku kuya kubandakanya ukujonga uhlobo lwegazi lakho kunye ne-Rh factor. Eli linyathelo lokuqala.

Ukuba uyayibona imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Rh Incompatibility)` kwangethuba kwaye ufumane unyango olufunekayo, ingakumbi i-`(Rh immune-globulin)` vaccine ngexesha , ungalungiselela ukwamkela umntwana wakho kweli hlabathi ephilile, ngaphandle koloyiko okanye amathandabuzo angeyomfuneko. Ke ngoko, ukuqaphela oku nokuqonda ulwazi ngokuchanekileyo kuya kuba namandla amakhulu kuwe.

Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngale nto. Musa ukoyika okanye ungathandabuzi ukubuza nayiphi na imibuzo okanye izinto ezikuxhalabisayo. Musa ukucinga ngezinto ezinje, 'Ngaba le yinto efanelekileyo yokubuza?' okanye 'Ugqirha uza kucinga ntoni?' Bakho ukuze bakuncede wena nomntwana wakho, bakufundise. Okukhona ubuza imibuzo emininzi, kokukhona uya kuqonda ngakumbi. Kukulungele wena nomntwana wakho.

Ngoko ke, nazi izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya):

Ukungavisisani kwe-Rh asinto yokoyika, inokulawulwa kwaye ithintelwe!

• Yazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho kunye ne-Rh factor: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi oku ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe okanye kwangethuba ukhulelwe. Eli linyathelo lokuqala.
• Lumka ngakumbi ukuba umama `(Rh-negative)` kwaye utata `(Rh-positive): Kulapho ke umngcipheko `(Rh Incompatibility)` ungena khona. Xelela ugqirha wakho ngale nto.
• Kholwa ngumgonyo we-`(Rh immune-globulin)`: Lo mgonyo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekhusela wena nomntwana wakho. Qiniseka ukuba uyawufumana xa ugqirha wakho ekunike umyalelo.
• Nangona umntwana wokuqala engachaphazeleki rhoqo, abantwana abalandelayo banokuchaphazeleka: ngoko ke oku kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngokutsha rhoqo xa ukhulelwe. Nokuba sele ugonyiwe ngaphambili, kuya kufuneka uphinde ugonywe kwakhona ngeli xesha.
• Xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhe waphunyelwa sisisu ngaphambili, wakhulelwa ngaphandle kwesisu, okanye watofelwa igazi: Olu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu kugqirha wakho , njengoko ezi zinto zinokubangela ukuba kubekho ii-antibodies.
• Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Fumana uvavanyo ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba ulwenze, fumana ugonyo xa ethe uza kulufumana, kwaye umamele oko akutshoyo.
• Musa ukoyika ukubuza imibuzo: Thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na into ekukhathazayo. Okukhona unolwazi oluthe kratya, kokukhona uya kukhululeka ngakumbi.

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kakhulu kuwe. Umama osempilweni nowonwabileyo kunye nomntwana kuphela kwethemba lethu sonke! Iminqweno emihle kuwe!

Ukungahambelani kwe - Rh, ukukhulelwa, i-Rh factor, i-Rh immune-globulin, ii-antibodies, impilo yomntwana, uhlobo lwegazi