Singathetha ngePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?

Khawuthelekelele ukuba ukhe wehlelwa sisiganeko esibuhlungu ongazange usibone ngaphambili. Isenokuba yingozi enkulu yemoto, intlekele yendalo, okanye ukufa ngequbuliso komntu omthandayo. Emva kwesi siganeko, ungaziva uxinezelekile, uxhalabile, kwaye uxinezelekile. Ngamanye amaxesha unokuhlala ukhumbula esi siganeko, ngokungathi sisenzeka kwakhona. Le yinto esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, ebizwa ngokuba yiPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Le yinto enokuchaphazela abantu abaninzi, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uyiqaphele.

Yintoni i-PTSD elula?

Ngamafutshane, i-PTSD yimeko yempilo yengqondo eyenzeka kwabanye abantu emva kokufumana isiganeko esinzima nesibuhlungu. Esi siganeko sisenokuba sibeka ubomi esichengeni, okanye sisenokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo-ntle yakho yomzimba neyengqondo. I-PTSD inokuchaphazela nabani na wanoma luphi na ubudala, ukususela kubantwana abancinci ukuya kubantu abadala.

Umntu one-PTSD ufumana iingcinga neemvakalelo ezibuhlungu nezikhathazayo ezinxulumene nesiganeko esibuhlungu. Oku kunokuqhubeka ixesha elide emva kokuba isiganeko senzeke. I-PTSD inokubangela iimpawu ezinxulumene noxinzelelo ezifana nezi:

• Ukuhlala uziva uxhalabile ( uxhalabile ), ulusizi ( udandatheko ), okanye unetyala okanye uneentloni .
• Ukuziva ngathi esi siganeko siphinda senzeke ngokwenene (ukubuyela umva kwezinto ezenzekayo) okanye ukuba namaphupha amabi ngaso.
• Ukuphepha iindawo, izinto, kunye nemisebenzi enxulumene neso siganeko.

Ezi mpawu zinokubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu kwaye zinokuphazamisana nokukwazi kwakho ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla .

Yintoni isiganeko esibuhlungu?

Ukonzakala , okanye isiganeko esiyingozi, yiyo nayiphi na into esongela kakhulu ukusinda okanye ukhuseleko lwakho. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ibe sisiganeko esinye (njengengozi yemoto eyenzeke kube kanye). Isenokuba yingxaki yexesha elide . Cinga ngezinto ezifana nokuphila ngexesha lemfazwe okanye ukujongana nobundlobongela basekhaya.

Kwaye, oku kuxhwaleka akufuneki kwenzeke kuwe ngqo. Usenokuba ubone isiganeko esoyikekayo ngamehlo akho. Okanye, usenokuba ne-PTSD emva kokufumanisa ukuba kukho into embi eyenzekileyo kumntu osondeleyo kuwe.

Nazi ezinye zeziganeko eziyingozi:

• Iingozi ezinzulu (umz., ingozi enkulu yemoto).
• Ukwenzakala okukhulu emzimbeni okanye ukugula okungalindelekanga.
• Imfazwekunye neengxabano zomkhosi (abantu kwilizwe lethu nabo banamava ngale nto).
• Iintlekele zemvelo (umz. iitsunami, iinyikima, izikhukula , imililo yasendle).
• Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni.
• Ukuxhatshazwa ngamazwi (ukuthethiswa rhoqo, izoyikiso).
• Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo okanye ukuxhatshazwa.
• Ukuxhaphaza esikolweni okanye emsebenzini.
• Ukufa ngequbuliso komntu omthandayo.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zePTSD?

Ewe, kukho ezinye iimeko ezimbini ezifana kakhulu nePTSD.

• Ingxaki Yoxinzelelo Oluqatha: Esi sisifo sengqondo sexesha elifutshane esinokwenzeka kwinyanga yokuqala emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu zihlala ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezine, isenokuba yiPTSD.
• I-Complex PTSD (CPTSD): Le meko yenzeka xa ujongene noxinzelelo ixesha elide. Umzekelo, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwesondo okuphindaphindiweyo usengumntwana, ubundlobongela basekhaya obuhlala ixesha elide, okanye imfazwe. Abantu abane-CPTSD badla ngokuba neengxaki ezinkulu zokulawula iimvakalelo , ukucinga ngabo, kunye nokunxibelelana nabanye, ukongeza kwiimpawu ze-PTSD.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

I-PTSD yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu. Phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-10% yabantu abafumana isiganeko esibuhlungu baba ne-PTSD. Oko kuthetha ukuba ayenzeki kubo bonke abantu, kodwa ichaphazela inani elikhulu labantu.

Zithini iimpawu zePTSD?

Ukuze ugqirha akwazi ukuxilonga i-PTSD, iimpawu kufuneka zihlale ixesha elingaphezu kwenyanga. Kwakhona, iimpawu kufuneka zikubangele uxinezeleko olukhulu okanye ziphazamise ukusebenza kwakho kwemihla ngemihla.

Iimpawu zePTSD zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezine eziphambili:

1. Iingcinga namava aphazamisayo (Iimpawu zokungenelela)

Oku kuthetha ukuba esi siganeko sibi sihlala sibuya engqondweni yakho.

• Ukukhumbula rhoqo esi siganeko. Kufana nokubukela iziganeko zelo xesha ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengemuvi.
• Ukuba namaphupha awoyikisayo, ingakumbi amaphupha anxulumene nesiganeko.
• Ukubuyela umva kwenzeka xa uziva ngathi isiganeko siphinda senzeke ngokwenene. Oku kucace gca, ungaziva ngathi ulapho ngelo xesha. Ngamanye amaxesha ungade usiva ivumba, okanye usive.

2. Iimpawu Zokuphepha

Oku kuquka ukuzama ukuhlala kude kangangoko kunokwenzeka kuyo yonke into ekukhumbuza ngeso siganeko sibi.

• Ukuphepha abantu, iindawo, imisebenzi, izinto, kunye neemeko ezinxulumene nesiganeko. Umzekelo, ungakuphepha ukuhamba endleleni apho kwenzeke khona ingozi.
• Ndiyakuphepha ukucinga ngaloo nto ndize ndiyikhumbule.
• Uyakuphepha ukuthetha nabanye ngento eyenzekileyo okanye indlela ovakalelwa ngayo ngayo.

3. Utshintsho kwiNgcinga nakwiMood

Oku kungenza umahluko omkhulu kwindlela olijonga ngayo ihlabathi, indlela ozicinga ngayo, nendlela oziva ngayo.

• Uloyiko oluqhubekayo, uloyiko, umsindo, ukuziva unetyala , okanye intloni.
• Iindawo ezibalulekileyo zeso siganeko sibi ziyalityalwa.
• Iingcinga neemvakalelo ezingalunganga nezigqwethekileyo ngawe okanye ngabanye abantu. Unokucinga izinto ezinje, "Ndiphosisa," "Akukho mntu unokuthenjwa."
• Ukungagwebi kakuhle unobangela okanye imiphumo yesiganeko uze uzibeke ityala okanye ugxeke abanye abantu.
• Ukuziva wedwa kwaye unesizungu kwabanye.
• Izinto ezazizisa uvuyo azisenalo uvuyo.
• Ukungakwazi ukuziva iimvakalelo ezakhayo. Kubonakala ngathi awukwazi ukuziva izinto ezinje ngolonwabo nothando.

4. Utshintsho kwi-Arousal kunye ne-Reactivity

Kule nto, umzimba wakho uhlala "uphaphile," usabela nakwizinto ezincinci.

• Ukucaphuka nomsindo okhawulezileyo.
• Ukwenza izinto ngokungakhathali nangendlela eziza kuzenzakalisa (umz., ukuqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu, ukusela utywala kakhulu).
• Ukuqaphela kakhulu izinto ezikungqongileyo (Hypervigilance). Ukoyika ingozi rhoqo.
• Ingxolo encinci ikwenza utsibe.
• Ubunzima bokugxila okanye ukungakwazi ukulala.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa abantwana abancinci befumana i-PTSD?

Xa abantwana abancinci befumana i-PTSD, basenokuba nobunzima bokuchaza ngokucacileyo indlela abavakalelwa ngayo. Okanye basenokuba behlelwe yinto ongaziyo ngayo. Basenokuba abaphumli, abashukumi, okanye babe nobunzima bokunikel’ ingqalelo okanye ukwenza izinto ngendlela ehlelekileyo.

Ezi mpawu ngamanye amaxesha zinokubhidaniswa nezo zesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana wakho unezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukubona ingcali (umz., ugqirha wengqondo wabantwana) onamava okuxilonga i-PTSD.

Ziziphi ezinye iingxaki ezinokubangela i-PTSD?

Abantu abane-PTSD banamathuba amaninzi okuba nezi meko, kwaye banokwenza iimpawu ze-PTSD zibe zimbi ngakumbi:

• Ukuphazamiseka kweemvakalelo - umz. ukudakumba.
• Iingxaki zokuxhalaba.
• Neemeko ezifana nezifo ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ezifana ne-dementia.
• Ingxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi / Ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, abantu abane-PTSD basengozini enkulu yokucinga nokuzama ukuzibulala.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uziva udakumbile, nceda ungabi wedwa. Thetha nomntu omthembayo ngokukhawuleza, bonana nogqirha, okanye utsalele umnxeba kumnxeba woncedo lwezempilo yengqondo olungxamisekileyo njengo-1926 (Sumatiri) eSri Lanka. Ungoyiki ukucela uncedo, awuwedwa.

Yintoni ebangela i-PTSD?

Enyanisweni, phakathi kwama-61% nama-80% abantu baya kuba nesiganeko esibuhlungu ngaxa lithile ebomini babo. Nangona kunjalo, ayingabo bonke abaya kuba ne-PTSD. Kweli qela, phakathi kwama-5% nama-10% baya kuba ne-PTSD.

Akucaci ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni abanye abantu beba nePTSD kanti abanye bengabi nayo, nokuba sele befumene eso siganeko. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lufumanise ukuba abantu abanePTSD banamanqanaba angaqhelekanga ee-neurotransmitters kunye nee-hormone ezithile . Basenokuba notshintsho kwindlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yabo .

Utshintsho kwiNeurotransmitters kunye neeHormones

Izifundo zibonise ukuba abantu abane-PTSD, nangona bexinezelekile, banokuba namanqanaba aqhelekileyo okanye aphantsi ehomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Cortisol)` (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-"stress hormone"). Bakwanamanqanaba aphezulu e-`(Corticotropin-Releasing Factor - CRF). Le `(CRF)` ivuselela ukukhululwa kwekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Norepinephrine). Le `(Norepinephrine)` ivuselela impendulo yomzimba wethu `(ukulwa okanye ukubaleka)`. Yile nto ibangela ukuba ezi zinto zenzeke:

• Ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Ukwanda kokuphaphama kunye nokucaphuka ngokukhawuleza.

Ukongeza, utshintsho kumsebenzi wezinye iinkqubo ze-neurotransmitter lubonakalisiwe, umzekelo:

• I-Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
• I-Glutamate
• I-Serotonin

Zonke ezi zinto zifana nezithunywa ezincinci ezingqondweni zethu, kwaye iingxaki ezinje ngezi zivela xa umsebenzi wazo ungenziwanga kakuhle.

Utshintsho lobuchopho

I-PTSD inxulunyaniswa notshintsho oluthile kumsebenzi kunye nolwakhiwo lwengqondo yakho:

• Ubungakanani benxalenye yengqondo yakho ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Hippocampus" buyancipha. Le "Hippocampus" yinxalenye ebalulekileyo elawula inkuthazo yethu, iimvakalelo, ukufunda kunye nenkumbulo.
• I-amygdala (elawula iimvakalelo zethu kunye neempendulo zoloyiko) isebenza kakhulu kubantu abane-PTSD. Oku kuthetha ukuba bayoyika kakhulu kwaye baxhalabele nezinto ezincinci.
• Icandelo elibizwa ngokuba yiMedial Prefrontal Cortex (enceda ukulawula iimvakalelo kwi-Amygdala) likwafunyenwe lincinci kwaye lingasabeli kakuhle kubantu abane-PTSD.

Nangona oku kusenokubonakala kuyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, inyaniso elula kukuba i-PTSD ayisiyonto isengqondweni nje kuphela, ikwanxulumene notshintsho lweekhemikhali kunye nolwakhiwo lwengqondo yethu.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-PTSD?

Akunakwenzeka ukutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ngubani oza kuba ne-PTSD emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu, kodwa aba bantu balandelayo banamathuba amancinci okuba ne-PTSD:

• Ingakumbi abo baye bahlangabezana noxinzelelo olukhulu (umz., balwa nzima ngexesha lenkonzo yasemkhosini, baxhatshazwa ngokwesondo).
• Abo bajongene noxinzelelo ebuntwaneni.
• Abo bonzakele emzimbeni kweso siganeko.
• Abo babenoloyiko olukhulu, bengenakunceda, okanye besoyika ngexesha lesiganeko.
• Abo bangazange bafumane inkxaso eyaneleyo kuluntu, kusapho nakubahlobo emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu.
• Abo baye bafumana umvandedwa ohlala ixesha elide okanye ophindaphindayo .
• Abo sele benezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo kunye/okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi gwenxa .

Uyazi njani ukuba une-PTSD?

Akukho vavanyo luthile lokuxilonga i-PTSD. Endaweni yoko, ugqirha uza kuyixilonga imeko emva kokukubuza malunga noku:

• Iimpawu zakho.
• Imbali yakho yezonyango.
• Imbali yakho yempilo yengqondo.
• Malunga neziganeko ezibuhlungu ojongene nazo.

Usenokukufumanisa kunzima ukuthetha ngesiganeko. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ungafuna ukuza nomntu othembekileyo (ilungu losapho, umhlobo) kugqirha. Oku kuya kukunika intuthuzelo kwaye kunokukunceda uchaze iimpawu zakho kunye notshintsho kwindlela oziphethe ngayo.

Oogqirha basebenzisa le migaqo kwi-American Psychological Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Inguqulelo yamva nje yi-DSM-5-TR. Ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba une-PTSD, kufuneka ube nenye yezi mpawu zilandelayo ubuncinane inyanga enye :

• Ubuncinane ingcinga okanye amava okungenela (uphawu lokungena).
• Ubuncinane uphawu olunye lokuphepha.
• Ubuncinane utshintsho olubini kwindlela yokucinga kunye nemood.
• Ubuncinane utshintsho olubini oluphazamisayo emzimbeni nasengqondweni.

Ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo lomzimba aze enze uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze abone ukuba kukho na esinye isizathu somzimba sezinye zeempawu zakho.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-PTSD?

Unyango oluphambili lwe-PTSD lunyango lwengqondo okanye unyango lokuthetha. Ngokukodwa, uhlobo lonyango olubizwa ngokuba yi -Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) lusebenza kakhulu.

Olu nyango lunikezelwa ngumcebisi wezempilo yengqondo oqeqeshiweyo nonelayisenisi.Lowo unokuba ngugqirha wengqondo okanye ingcali yezengqondo. Bakunika inkxaso, imfundo, kunye nesikhokelo kuwe nakusapho lwakho, ukukunceda uphile kakuhle kwaye uphucule impilo-ntle yakho yengqondo.

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-CBT lwe-PTSD:

• Unyango Lokucubungula Ingqondo: Olu lunyango olujoliswe ngokukodwa kwi-PTSD. Lugxile ekutshintsheni iimvakalelo ezimbi ezibuhlungu (ezifana neentloni kunye netyala) kunye neenkolelo ezibangelwa kukwenzakala. Lukwakunceda ukuba ujongane neenkumbulo kunye neemvakalelo ezibuhlungu.
• Unyango lwe-EMDR: Kule ndlela, uhambisa amehlo akho ngendlela ethile ngelixa ucubungula iinkumbulo ezibuhlungu. Injongo ye-EMDR kukukunceda uphile emva kokwenzakala okanye ezinye izinto ezibangela uxinzelelo ebomini. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zonyango, i-EMDR yindlela entsha. Nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo ezininzi zeklinikhi zibonise ukuba iyasebenza kwaye inokunceda abantu baphile ngokukhawuleza kunezinye iindlela.
• Unyango Lwamaqela: Oku kubandakanya abantu abaye badlula kumava afanayo abuhlungu behlangana ukuze babelane ngamava abo kunye neemvakalelo zabo kwindawo ekhululekileyo, engenakugweba. Ekubeni imingeni ye-PTSD inokuchaphazela lonke usapho, unyango losapho lunokuba luncedo.
• Unyango Lokuchaphaza Ixesha Elide: Kolu nyango, uboniswa imifanekiso ephindaphindiweyo neneenkcukacha zengozi okanye izinto ezibangela iimpawu zakho ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nelawulwayo. Oku kukunceda ujongane noloyiko lwakho, ululawule, kwaye ufunde ukuphila nalo.
• Unyango lokuziphatha olujolise kwi-trauma (CBT): Olu nyango lukunceda ufunde indlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kwi-trauma kunye noxinzelelo. Lukwakunceda ukuba ubone kwaye utshintshe iipatheni zokucinga ezinengxaki kwaye ufunde izakhono zokulawula iimpawu zakho. Lukwabandakanya nonyango lokuvezwa.

Amayeza e-PTSD

Okwangoku, akukho mayeza avunyiweyo ngokukodwa yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ye-PTSD. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha banokunika amayeza athile ukunceda ukulawula ezinye zeempawu ze-PTSD. Umzekelo:

• Amayeza okudakumba - afana neSelective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) okanye iSerotonin kunye neNorepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs).
• Amayeza okulwa nokuxhalaba.

Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba ukuba uza kuzisebenzisa na ezi pilisi, kwaye uza kuzisebenzisa njani. Ungaze uzisebenzise ezi pilisi ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.

Ngaba i-PTSD inganyangeka? Lithini ikamva?

Ingqikelelo ye-PTSD inokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango lunokukunceda uphile. Ngonyango, malunga nama-30% abantu bayaphila ngokupheleleyo. Abanye abangama -40% baba ngcono kakhulu ngonyango, kodwa ezinye iimpawu ezincinci zisenokuhlala zikhona. Kwabanye abantu, ngenkxaso yabathandekayo, iimpawu ze-PTSD ziyaphela ngokuhamba kwexesha, nokuba akukho nyango lobuchwephesha.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukucela uncedo nokufuna unyango. Emva koko amathuba okuchacha aphezulu kakhulu.

Ngaba i-PTSD inokuthintelwa?

Ngelishwa, asinakusoloko sithintela isiganeko esibuhlungu ukuba senzeke. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba kukho amanyathelo athile onokuwathatha emva kwesi siganeko ukunceda ukuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwe-PTSD. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba "zizinto zokukhusela." Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Ukufuna inkxaso kwabanye (njengabahlobo nosapho) emva kwesiganeko. Oku kudala ukuziva ukhuselekile.
• Ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu yindlela entle yokuthetha nabantu abaye baba namava afana nawe.
• Ukufunda ukucinga ngendlela eyakhayo ngendlela owenze ngayo xa kwenzeka ingozi.
• Ukuziqhelanisa neendlela eziphilileyo zokujongana neengxaki emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu (umz., ukuzilolonga, ukwenza izinto ezizolisa ingqondo, endaweni yokuzama ukulibala iingxaki zotywala).
• Ukukwazi ukwenza nokuphendula ngokufanelekileyo, nokuba uziva usoyika.
• Ukunceda abanye, ingakumbi ukuba sisiganeko esibuhlungu esichaphazela abantu abaninzi, njengentlekele yendalo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wakho kunye/okanye umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo rhoqo emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu. Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho. Musa ukuba neentloni okanye ukoyika. Asikuko ukuba unetyala.

Ufanele uye nini kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko?

Ukuba ucinga ngokuzibulala okanye ukuzenzakalisa , le yimeko enzima kakhulu. Kwimeko enjalo, nceda uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko, okanye utsalele umnxeba kumnxeba woncedo ngempilo yengqondo olungxamisekileyo njengo-1926 (Sumatiri).

Ukufuna uncedo lobuchwephesha emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu kunokuba yinto enzima ukuyenza. Kodwa khumbula, i-PTSD yimeko enokunyangeka. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngonyango, uya kuqala ukuziva ungcono. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zonyango. Khumbula, bahlala bekulungele ukukunceda nokukuxhasa.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kuqhelekile ukuba neengxaki zeemvakalelo emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezo ngxaki ziyaqhubeka kwaye ziphazamisana nokusebenza kwemihla ngemihla, inokuba yi-PTSD.

• Awuwedwa: I-PTSD yimeko echaphazela abantu abaninzi.
• Asikuko oku okubangela ingxaki yakho: akukho mntu uba nePTSD ngokuzithandela.
• Kukho uncedo: Kukho unyango olunokukunceda uphile.
• Musa ukoyika ukuthetha: thetha ngeemvakalelo zakho nomntu omthembayo, njengogqirha.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uhlangabezana nale meko, nceda ucele uncedo. Impilo yakho yengqondo ibaluleke njengempilo yakho yomzimba.

I- PTSD, Ingxaki Yoxinzelelo Emva Kwengozi, ukudakumba, ukwenzakala, impilo yengqondo, uxinzelelo, unyango