Ngaba uyayazi i-Small Intestine Cancer? Makhe sithethe ngokweenkcukacha!

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo ongasiva kangako, kodwa esinokuba sibaluleke kakhulu. Loo mhlaza wamathumbu amancinci. Usenokungabi nalwazi lungako ngale nto. Kodwa kulungile, masithethe ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni umhlaza wamathumbu amancinci?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wamathumbu amancinci kukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza emathunjini akho amancinci, okanye oko sikubiza ngokuba " lithumbu elincinci ". Ubusazi na ukuba umathumbu amancinci yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya ? Le nkqubo ikwabandakanya nezinye izitho ezininzi, ezifana nesibindi kunye nepancreas . Umathumbu omncinci ufumaneka kwindlela yethu yokugaya ukutya (GI) . Oko kukuthi, ufumaneka kwindlela esuka emlonyeni, udlula kwi-esophagus, uye esiswini, uze uye emathunjini amancinci, uze usuke apho uye emathunjini amakhulu (colon). Ukuchaneka, isisu kunye nomathumbu amakhulu zidibene nale mathumbu amancinci. Kukho iindawo ezintathu eziphambili zomathumbu amancinci:

• I-Duodenum : Le yinxalenye yokuqala ekufutshane nesisu.
• IJejunum: Le yindawo ephakathi yamathumbu amancinci.
• Ileum: Le yinxalenye yokugqibela nende kakhulu yamathumbu amancinci.

Uninzi lomhlaza wamathumbu amancinci luvela kwikholoni okanye kwi-ileum.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le mhlaza?

Enyanisweni, umhlaza wamathumbu amancinci yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu . Ngokwedatha yaseMelika, olu hlobo lomhlaza lubangela malunga ne-3% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza kwindlela yokugaya ukutya. Umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu , umhlaza we-rectal, umhlaza womqala, kunye nomhlaza wesisu zixhaphake kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ungacinga ukuba oku kuphantsi kancinci.

Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza wamathumbu amancinci ?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza ezenzeka emathunjini amancinci. Ezi zahlulwe ngokwehlobo lweseli apho umhlaza uqala khona.

• Ii-carcinoid tumors: Ezi ziqala kwiiseli zakho ze-neuroendocrine . Ezi seli zinceda umzimba wakho uvelise iihomoni kwaye zilawule ukukhutshwa kweejusi zokugaya ukutya emathunjini amancinci. Ii-carcinoid tumors zimalunga nesiqingatha sayo yonke i-carcinoid tumors emathunjini amancinci.
• I-Adenocarcinomas: Ezi ziqala kwiiseli ze-glandular ezijikeleze ulwelo lwamathumbu amancinci. Zimalunga nesithathu seemhlaza zamathumbu amancinci.
• IiSarcomas: Ezi ziqala kwi-cartilage.okanye izicubu ezidityanisiweyo ezifana nezihlunu. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-sarcoma oluchaphazela amathumbu amancinci yi -gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) . Yayibizwa ngokuba yi-leiomyosarcoma ngaphambili.
• I-Lymphoma: Ezi ziqala kwiiseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-lymphocytes . Ii-lymphocytes luhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezifumaneka kwinkqubo yakho ye-lymphatic . Inkqubo ye-lymphatic yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela. Inceda umzimba ukulwa neeseli eziyingozi kunye neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo.

Zithini iimpawu zalo mhlaza?

Iimpawu zomhlaza wamathumbu amancinci ziyahluka. Zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwethumba kunye nendawo elikuyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, iithumba zinokubakho kodwa zingabangeli zimpawu (ezingenazimpawu) . Umzekelo, iithumba ze-carcinoid zihlala zingabangeli zimpawu. Ngamanye amaxesha zifunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha lovavanyo lomfanekiso wesinye isifo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Intlungu yesisu okanye ukuqaqamba kwesisu.
• Iqhuma esiswini elivakala ngathi libanjwe esandleni.
• Isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, kunye norhudo.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• I-anemia ( ukungabikho kwegazi).
• I-Jaundice ( ukutyheli kwamehlo okanye ulusu).
• Indle enegazi (isenokubonakala ibomvu okanye imnyama kwindlu yangasese).
• Ubomvu besikhumba, ingakumbi izandla kunye nomzimba ongaphezulu, bujika bube mfusa.

Zithini izizathu zomhlaza wamathumbu amancinci?

Iithumba ezinobungozi zamathumbu amancinci ziyakhula xa iiseli zomhlaza zahlukana ngokukhawuleza kwaye zikhula kunye zibe yinqwaba. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi seli zomhlaza zinokuqhekeka kwithumba lokuqala zize zihambe ngee-lymph nodes okanye igazi ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, apho zinokwenza khona ithumba elitsha (ithumba lesibini). Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis . Iiseli zomhlaza ziyakhula ngenxa yotshintsho lwemfuza . Oku kuthetha ukuba utshintsho lwenzeka kwi-DNA yeseli, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iseli yahlukane ngokungalawulekiyo. Abaphandi abakayazi kakuhle into ebangela olu tshintsho.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umhlaza?

Into enobungozi yiyo nayiphi na into eyonyusa amathuba okufumana isifo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nento enobungozi akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza. Ngokufanayo, ukungabi nazinto ezinobungozi akuthethi ukuba awuyi kuba nomhlaza. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi ezinokuchaphazela umhlaza wamathumbu amancinci:

• Ubudala: Umngcipheko wobuninzi beentlobo zomhlaza wamathumbu amancinci uyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ubudala obuqhelekileyo bokuxilongwa bumalunga neminyaka engama-65.
• Isini: Amadoda anamathuba amancinci okufumana lo mhlaza.
• Uhlanga: Ngokwedatha evela eMelika, esi sifo sixhaphake kancinci kubantu abamnyama, ngelixa i-lymphoma ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abamhlophe.
• Iimeko zofuzo: Ukuba abazali bakho, abantakwenu, okanye abantwana bakho baneemeko ezithile, nawe unokuba sengozini enkulu. Imizekelo ibandakanya (iFamilial Adenomatous Polyposis - FAP) , (iPeutz-Jeghers syndrome) , (iHeredary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer - HNPCC) , kunye (iLynch syndrome) .
• Iimeko zokudumba: Izifo ezibangela ukudumba kwamathumbu ixesha elide, njengesifo sikaCrohn kunye nesifo seCeliac , zinokunyusa umngcipheko.
• Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo okanye inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka: Izifo ezenza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ezifana ne -HIV/AIDS , isifo sikaCrohn , kunye nesifo seCeliac, zinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho. Kwakhona, unyango olufana nonyango lwemitha lunokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuhlaselwa yintsholongwane, lunyuse umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza wamathumbu amancinci. Amayeza acinezela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela emva kokufakelwa isitho anokunyusa umngcipheko wakho.

Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukutya (ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi okanye okutshayiweyo kunye nenyama ebomvu), ukusebenzisa icuba, kunye nokusela utywala kunokuchaphazela umngcipheko womhlaza wamathumbu amancinci.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto ziyingozi, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha .

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza wamathumbu amancinci?

Umhlaza wamathumbu amancinci unokuba nzima ukuwufumanisa kuba awuqhelekanga. Kwakhona, iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwethumba. Kusenokufuneka wenze uvavanyo olupheleleyo kunye neenkqubo ngaphambi kokuba ufumane ukuxilongwa.

Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali yezonyango

Ugqirha uza kukuxilonga, ajonge impilo yakho iyonke, ajonge iimpawu zokugula, aze akubuze ngezifo zakho zangaphambili, unyango, kunye nemikhwa yakho yempilo.

Uvavanyo lwegazi

• Izifundo zekhemistri yegazi: Ezi zilinganisa ubungakanani bezinto ezithile ezikhutshwa egazini ezivela kwizitho zomzimba nakwizicubu. Ukuba kukho ubungakanani obungaqhelekanga (obuphezulu okanye obuphantsi) bento ethile, inokubonisa isifo kwisitho okanye kwizicubu ezivelisa loo nto. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lokusebenza kwesibindi lunokwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza usasazeke esibindini na.
• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Olu vavanyo lunika ugqirha wakho ulwazi malunga neeseli ezisegazini lakho. Iithumba ezincinci zamathumbu zinokubangela ukopha, okunokubangela ukwehla kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, okubangela i-anemia.

Ukufota

• I-Endoscopy: Oku kuquka ukujonga ngaphakathi kwendlela yokugaya ukutya (GI) kusetyenziswa isixhobo esibhityileyo, esifana netyhubhu (i-endoscope). Le tyhubhu inokukhanya kunye nekhamera kuyo.Ngexesha le-endoscopy ephezulu, ugqirha ufaka i-endoscope ngomlomo aze ahlole umphimbo, isisu, kunye nenxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancinci (i-duodenum). I-endoscope ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-double-balloon enteroscopy inokujonga nzulu emathunjini amancinci. Ngexesha le-endoscopy, ugqirha unokuthatha iisampulu zezicubu ( ii-biopsies ) aze azithumele kuvavanyo. Emva koko zihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu zesifo.
• I-Capsule endoscopy (ikhamera yepilisi): Oku kuquka ukuginya i-capsule equlethe ikhamera encinci. Njengoko i-capsule idlula emzimbeni, ithatha imifanekiso ye-GI tract. Le mifanekiso inokukhutshelwa kwikhompyutha ize ijongwe ngugqirha. Nangona igama lisenokudida kancinci, le nkqubo ayisebenzisi i-endoscope.
• I-CT scan (CT scan - CAT scan): Le yinkqubo ethatha uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zangaphakathi lomzimba kwiikona ezahlukeneyo. Le mifanekiso iboniswa kwikhompyutha eqhagamshelwe kumatshini we-X-ray. Ngamanye amaxesha idayi inokufakwa emthanjeni okanye inikwe ukuba iselwe. Oku kuvumela amalungu okanye izicubu ukuba zibonakale ngokucacileyo.
• I-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Oku kusebenzisa imagnethi, amaza erediyo, kunye nekhompyutha ukwenza uthotho lwemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zangaphakathi lomzimba. Nangona zombini i-MRI kunye ne-CT scan zibonelela ngolwazi olufanayo malunga nendlela ithumba elichaphazela ngayo izicwili ezithambileyo, i-CT scan isetyenziswa kakhulu ukubona umhlaza wamathumbu amancinci.
• I-X-reyi yesisu: I-X-reyi yezitho ezisesiswini. I-X-reyi ngumsebe wamandla odlula emzimbeni aze abonakale kwifilimu, edala umfanekiso wangaphakathi lomzimba.
• I-X-reyi yeBarium: Oku kuquka ukugquma indlela yakho ye-GI ngento efana netshokhwe ebizwa ngokuba yi-barium. I-barium yenza indlela ye-GI ibonakale kwi-X-reyi. Kuluhlu lwe-GI oluphezulu , uthotho lwemifanekiso ye-X-reyi ithathwa njengoko i-barium idlula kwindlela ye-GI (umphimbo, isisu, amathumbu amancinci). Kuluhlu lwe-GI olusezantsi (i-barium enema) , kufakwa i-barium engamanzi kwi-rectum. Imifanekiso ye-X-reyi ithathwa njengoko i-barium igquma indlela esezantsi ye-GI.

Utyando

Ukuba ezinye iimvavanyo aziboneleli ngolwazi olwaneleyo lokwenza uxilongo, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni enze utyando. Ezi nkqubo zivumela ugqirha wakho ukuba ahlole amalungu akho ngqo. Ukuba kukho izicwili ezikrokrelekayo, kuthathwa i -biopsy ukujonga iimpawu zomhlaza. Utyando lunokwenziwa ukuze:

• I-Laparoscopy: Kule nkqubo, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci efana neteleskopu (i-laparoscope) ngokusebenzisa umngxuma omnye okanye ngaphezulu esiswini. I-laparoscope ivumela ugqirha ukuba abone amalungu esisu ukuze abone iimpawu zomhlaza.
• Utyando lweLaparotomy:Kule meko, ugqirha wenza i-incision eludongeni lwesisu aze ahlole amalungu esisu ukuze abone iimpawu zomhlaza.

Zithini izigaba zomhlaza wamathumbu amancinci?

Isigaba somhlaza sikuxelela ukuba sikhulu kangakanani na ithumba, apho likhoyo, kwaye nokuba lisasazeke khona na (lisasazeke khona). Uvavanyo kunye neenkqubo ezichonga inqanaba lomhlaza wamathumbu amancinci zihlala zenziwa ngexesha lokuxilongwa. Uhlobo lomhlaza wamathumbu amancinci onawo (i-carcinoid tumor, i-adenocarcinoma, i-sarcoma, okanye i-lymphoma) luchaza inkqubo yokulinganisa esetyenziswa ngugqirha wakho.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Unyango olufumanayo luxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza onalo, inqanaba lalo, indawo elikuyo ithumba, kunye neempawu zeeseli ezikwithumba. Izinto ozikhethayo nazo zichaphazela izigqibo zonyango.

Utyando

Utyando lolona nyango luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamathumbu amancinci. Utyando lungabandakanya:

• Ukususwa kwesitho: Utyando lokususa lonke okanye inxalenye yesitho apho umhlaza ukhoyo. Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile, ugqirha unokususa iindawo zamathumbu amancinci kunye nezitho ezikufutshane. Emva koko, kunokwenziwa i-anastomosis (ukudibanisa kwakhona iziphelo ezisikiweyo zamathumbu). Ii-lymph nodes ezikufutshane namathumbu amancinci nazo zinokususwa kwaye zihlolwe ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na.
• Ukudlula: Ukuba kukho ithumba elivimba amathumbu kodwa lingenakususwa, utyando lokuvumela ukutya okusemathunjini amancinci ukuba kudlule ithumba.

Unyango ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy kukusetyenziswa kwamayeza ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. Ziyabulala iiseli okanye zithintele ukwahlukana kwazo. Ngokuxhomekeke kunyango lwe-chemotherapy, la mayeza anokujolisa kwiiseli zomhlaza kwinxalenye ethile yomzimba (i-regional chemotherapy) okanye abulale iiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba (i-systemic chemotherapy). Ugqirha wakho unokukunika i-chemotherapy ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zihlale emva kotyando (unyango oluncedisayo) . Ukuba umhlaza wakho usasazekile (usususwe kwi-metastasized), unokunikwa i-systemic chemotherapy.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango lwemitha lusetyenziswa nge-X-reyi enamandla aphezulu okanye ezinye iintlobo zemitha ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzithintela ukuba zingakhuli. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango lwemitha ukuba umhlaza wakho awunakususwa ngotyando. Unyango lwemitha lunokunikwa njengenxalenye yonyango lokudambisa iimpawu. Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango lwemitha lunikezelwa kunye ne-chemotherapy (unyango lwe-chemoradiation) ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando.

Ii-analogues zeSomatostatin

Ugqirha unyanga iithumba ze-carcinoid zamathumbu amancinci ngee-somatostatin analogues.La mayeza ayawuthintela umzimba wakho ekwenzeni iihomoni ezininzi kakhulu. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu nokulawula isifo. Imizekelo yala mayeza ibandakanya i-lanreotide kunye ne-octreotide.

Kufuneka uphando olongezelelekileyo malunga neenzuzo zokudibanisa unyango lwemitha kunye ne-chemotherapy emva kotyando lomhlaza wamathumbu amancinci.

Unyango olujoliswe kulo

Unyango olujoliswe ekujoliswe kulo lusebenza ngokuchonga ubuthathaka kwiiseli zomhlaza nokusebenzisa olo buthathaka ukuze lutshabalalise. Abaphandi okwangoku bafunda unyango olujoliswe kulo olunokunceda ekunyangeni i-adenocarcinomas, i-GISTs, kunye ne-lymphomas.

Unyango lwe-immunotherapy

I-immunotherapy isebenza ngokuqinisa inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela nokwandisa amandla ayo okulwa neeseli zomhlaza. Inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ilwa ngokwendalo neeseli ezingaqhelekanga kunye nabahlaseli abayingozi njengeentsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha iiseli zomhlaza zinokudlula kukhuselo lwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. I-immunotherapy yenza kube lula kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukubona nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo kwithumba lakho, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango lwe-immunotherapy.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango

Uvavanyo lwezonyango zizifundo zokufumanisa ukuba unyango olutsha lomhlaza lukhuselekile, luyasebenza, okanye lungcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo. Okwangoku, i-adjuvant chemotherapy, unyango olujoliswe kulo, kunye ne-immunotherapy ziyafundwa kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ungumntu ofanelekileyo na kwimvavanyo yeklinikhi.

Ingakanani izinga lokunyangwa komhlaza wamathumbu amancinci?

Amanqanaba okusinda ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza wamathumbu amancinci, inqanaba lawo, kunye nendawo apho umhlaza waqala khona emathunjini amancinci. Umzekelo, ama-65% abantu abafunyaniswe bene-adenocarcinomas ekwinqanaba lokuqala bayaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Eli zinga liphantsi kakhulu, kwi-4%, kwiimhlaza ezikwinqanaba lokugqibela. Izinga lokusinda kwiminyaka emihlanu kwiithumba ze-carcinoid ezikwinqanaba lokuqala yi-95%, ngelixa kwiimhlaza ezikwinqanaba lokugqibela yi-42%.

Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba iimpawu zomhlaza wakho zichaphazela njani ukuqikelela kwakho isifo.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ngexesha elinje, usenokuba nemibuzo emininzi engqondweni yakho. Musa ukoyika. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo ebalulekileyo onokuyibuza:

• Luhlobo luni lwethumba endinalo?
• Umhlaza wam ukuliphi inqanaba?
• Zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela amathuba am okuchacha?
• Ucebisa luphi unyango?
• Zithini iingozi kunye neenzuzo zezi ndlela zonyango?
• Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuze ndiphile emva konyango lwam?
• Zeziphi iziphumo endimele ndizilindele ngokusekelwe kumhlaza wam, impilo yam ngokubanzi, kunye nendlela endisabela ngayo kunyango?

Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza wamathumbu amancinci unqabile, kunokuba nzima ukuqonda iziphumo kunye neendlela zonyango. Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela isicwangciso sakho sokhathalelo kunye nethuba lokuphumelela konyango. Lungela ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela uhlobo lwethumba onalo oluchaphazela ngayo iindlela zakho zonyango. Ngokuxhomekeke kumhlaza wakho, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa indibaniselwano yotyando kunye ne-chemotherapy ukususa ithumba lakho kunye nokuthintela ukusasazeka kwalo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Umhlaza wamathumbu amancinci yimeko engaqhelekanga ukuviwa ngayo, kodwa ifanelwe ingqalelo.

• Oku kunqabile kakhulu , kodwa kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho iimpawu.
• Lumka ngeempawu ezifana neentlungu zesisu, ukwehla kobunzima ngendlela engachazekiyo, kunye nendle enegazi.
• Ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko , thetha nogqirha uze wenze uvavanyo olufunekayo.
• Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya isifo . Ungakhathazeki, oogqirha baza kukunceda.
• Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango , kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho.
• Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, amathuba okuchacha aphezulu.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye uloyiko ngale nto, ungabandezeleki wedwa, kodwa thetha nogqirha othembekileyo . Baza kukunika ulwalathiso nenkxaso oyifunayo. Hlala usempilweni!

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Umhlaza Wamathumbu Amancinci, Umhlaza, Inkqubo Yokugaya, Iimpawu, Unyango Lomhlaza, Amathumbu, Umhlaza Wamathumbu Amancinci