Umele ukuba uhlala usiva igama elithi ' Stem Cell ' ngalo lonke ixesha ngoku, akunjalo? Abanye bathi le yindlela entsha yokunyanga izifo ezininzi. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthethwa ngayo kumaphephandaba nakwiTV. Ngoko ke yintoni kanye kanye le ndlela yonyango lwe-stem cell? Ngaba ezi zinto zisetyenziswa ebantwini ngoku? Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula nangokucacileyo.
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Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-stem cell?
Cinga ngee-stem cells njengee-'master' cells emizimbeni yethu. Njengomphathi ophethe umsebenzi ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi unikwe. Ezi seli zinamandla amangalisayo okuba naluphi na uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni (umzekelo, iiseli zemisipha yentliziyo, iiseli zemithambo-luvo yobuchopho, iiseli zolusu , iiseli zesibindi). Ngenxa yolu buchule, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba zinokusetyenziselwa ukulungisa izicubu ezonakeleyo okanye ukwenza iiseli ezintsha eziza kuthatha indawo yeeseli ezitshatyalaliswe zizifo.
Okwangoku kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezinkulu zeklinikhi ezenzeka kwihlabathi liphela ngalo mba. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyikhumbule kukuba uninzi lolu phando lusekwinqanaba lokuqala . Oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba sibone ukuba unyango lusebenza kangakanani, kufuneka siqale sigqibe ukuba lukhuselekile na ukunika abantu . Kuba kumayeza, ukhuseleko luhlala luza kuqala.
Ziziphi iindawo eziphambili zophando lweeseli ze-stem?
Okwangoku, kugxilwe kakhulu kuphando lweeseli ze-stem kwizifo kunye neemeko eziphambili ezili-11. Makhe sijonge nganye yazo ngokweenkcukacha.
| Imeko | Imeko yangoku yoPhando |
|---|---|
| 1. Isifo sentliziyo | Kwinqanaba lokuqala, kwenziwa imizamo yokulungisa izicwili zentliziyo ezonakeleyo kunye nokwenza imithambo yegazi emitsha. |
| 2. Izifo Zamehlo | Ezinye izifo (isifo se-cornea) zineziphumo eziphumelelayo. Ezinye zikwinqanaba lophando. |
| 3. Isifo seswekile | Uphando luyaqhubeka lokuvuselela iiseli ezivelisa i-insulin (iiseli ze-beta). Kwinqanaba lokuqala. |
| 4. Istroke | Kuqhutywa uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa kweeseli zemithambo-luvo ukulungisa umonakalo wobuchopho. |
| 5. Ukulimala koMgogodla | Uphando luyaqhubeka ukunyanga abo bakhubazekileyo. Akukho mpumelelo iqinisekisiweyo okwangoku. |
| 6. Isifo sikaParkinson | Kukho izifundo ezimbalwa ezincinci eziqhubekayo. Kusekutsha kakhulu ukuba singazixela iziphumo. |
| 7. Isifo sika-Alzheimer | Uphando olusebenzisa abantu alukaqali. Uphando lwenziwe kusetyenziswa iimpuku. |
| 8. Isifo se-ALS ) | Uphando olusisiseko luyenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. |
| 9. I-Multiple Sclerosis | Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem kuphandwa ukuze kwakhiwe kwakhona inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. |
| 10. Umhlaza | Isetyenziswa njengonyango oluqhelekileyo lweentlobo ezithile zomhlaza wegazi (i-leukemia). Ikwisigaba sophando lomhlaza wobuchopho. |
| 11. Ukulungiswa kweCartilage | Kuqhutywa uphando lokuvuselela i-cartilage emalungeni. Iziphumo ziyaxubana. |
1. Isifo sentliziyo
Iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili kukulungisa izicubu zentliziyo ezonakeleyo ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokukhulisa imithambo yegazi emitsha. Kwezinye izifundo, umongo wethambo lomguliXa iiseli ze-stem ezithathwe kumongo wethambo zifakwa entliziyweni, zibonakalise iimpawu zokuphilisa amanxeba abangelwa kukuhlaselwa yintliziyo . Ukongeza, abanye abantu babone ukuphucuka kokusebenza kwentliziyo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba olu luphando lokuqala .
2. Izifo Zamehlo
Uphononongo lwase-UK lubonise ukuba ukufakelwa uhlobo oluthile lweseli ye-stem ethathwe kumda ongaphandle we-cornea (iiseli ze-limbal stem) kunokubuyisela ukubona kubantu abaye bangaboni kakuhle ngenxa yezifo ze-retina. Ngokufanayo, uphando olusebenzisa iiseli ze-stem ezithathwe kwiimbumba zomntu (iiseli ze-embryonic stem) kwiimeko ezifana nokubola kwe-macular nalo lubonise impumelelo ekuqaleni.
3. Isifo seswekile (Uhlobo 1 lwesifo seswekile)
Kwisifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela itshabalalisa ii-beta cells ezivelisa i-insulin kwi-pancreas. Ngoko ke ukuba ezi beta cells zinokuvuselelwa kusetyenziswa ii-stem cells, oko kunokubakhulula abantu ekubeni bathathe i-insulin injections imihla ngemihla. Kolunye uphando olunxulumene nalo, abantu abaselula abali-15 abanesifo seswekile bakwazile ukungabi ne-insulin kangangeminyaka eli-1.5 besebenzisa ii-stem cells zezigulana. Kodwa ekubeni olu luphando oluncinci kakhulu , akukho zigqibo zinkulu zinokuthathwa.
4. Istroke
Ukukhubazeka kukufa kweeseli zengqondo ngenxa yokunqongophala kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya engqondweni . Ngoko ke, kuphandwa ukuba iiseli ze-stem zingasetyenziswa na ukulungisa le tissue yengqondo eyonakeleyo. Kwisifundo esenziwe eScotland, iiseli ze-neural stem ze-fetal ('iiseli ze-neural stem ze-fetal') zafakwa kwiingqondo zezigulane ezikhubazekileyo. Eyona nto iphambili apha yayikukhuseleko . Ngaloo ndlela, unyango lubonakalisiwe lukhuselekile. Nangona kunjalo, akukacaci ukuba iimpawu ziphucuke kangakanani.
Khumbula, uninzi lwezi ndlela zonyango zisesekwinqanaba lophando. Ukhuseleko nokusebenza kwazo akukaqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo.
5. Ukulimala koMgogodla
Kukho umdla omkhulu ekunyangeni abantu abenzakeleyo kwi-spinal cord ababashiye bekhubazekile ngee-stem cells. Nangona uphando malunga nokubuyisela ii-stem cells ezithathwe egazini lezigulana lubonise inkqubela ethile, akukabikho mpumelelo ingunaphakade nehlala ixesha elide .
6. Isifo sikaParkinson kunye ne-Alzheimer's
Kukho izifundo ezincinci kakhulu eziqhubekayo ngesifo sikaParkinson, kodwa kusekutsha kakhulu ukuthetha ngeziphumo. Ngokuphathelele isifo sika-Alzheimer, uvavanyo lwabantu alukaqali.
7. I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Okwenziwayo apha kukucinezela ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yomguli ngamayeza, kuze kuphinde kubuyiselwe ii-stem cells ezithathwe kumongo wethambo lomguli emzimbeni, kudalwa inkqubo 'entsha' yokuzikhusela esempilweni. Nangona oku kubonakalise impumelelo ethile, ukuthintela ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kuyingozi kakhulu , ngoko ke kufuneka kucingwe kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba kunikwe olu nyango.
8. Umhlaza
Enye indawo apho unyango lwee-stem cell sele lusetyenziswa ngempumelelo njengonyango oluqhelekileyo kwezonyango yimihlaza yegazi efana ne-leukemia. 'Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo' esiye seva ngayo sonke ngokwenene kukufakelwa kwee-stem cell.
Ukongeza, ii-stem cells zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga uhlobo olubi lomhlaza wobuchopho olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Glioblastoma'. Apha, ii-stem cells eziguqulwe ngokwemfuza zisetyenziselwa ukuya kwii-cancer cells kwaye zivuselele iyeza lokulwa nomhlaza. Oku kusesekwinqanaba lophando.
9. Ukulungiswa kweCartilage
Iiseli ze-stem ziyavavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba zingasetyenziselwa na ukulungisa i-cartilage egugileyo kumalungu afana nedolo kunye neqakala. Iiseli ze-stem ezithathwe kumongo wethambo lomguli zixutywa nejeli zize zifakwe kwindawo eyonakeleyo. Kodwa iziphumo ziye zaxutywa. Ngamanye amaxesha i-cartilage entsha eyakhayo ayinamandla njengoko kufanele ibe njalo, nto leyo ebe yingxaki.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iiseli ze-stem ziyindawo yezonyango enamandla amakhulu, kodwa isakhula. Inamandla okuba ngummangaliso, kodwa ayikabikho.
- Uninzi lwezilingo zonyango ezikhoyo ngoku zikwinqanaba lokuqala, zigxile kukhuseleko lonyango, kungekhona ukusebenza kwalo.
- Unyango lwee-stem cell sele lusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwezinye izifo (umz., umhlaza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia, kunye nezinye izifo zamehlo).
- Kodwa ngezifo abantu abaninzi abathetha ngazo, njengesifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile, kunye neParkinson's, ezi zisesekwinqanaba lophando .
- Ungaze ukhohliswe ziindlela zonyango ze-stem cell ezingaqinisekiswanga nezingenalayisenisi. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo nantoni na uze wenze izigqibo ezisekelwe kulwazi.
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