Ingabe ingane yakho encane iyaguquguquka ngaphandle kokudlala ngamathoyizi ashiywe ekhaya, ikhwela ezihlalweni, igxume kusofa, futhi iguquguquke ngaphandle kokulalela lokho okushoyo? Nakuba kuyinto evamile ukuba izingane ezincane ziguquguquke, ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi lokhu kuguquguquka kunzima kakhulu futhi kunzima ukukulawula? Njengomzali , kuyinto evamile ukuthi uzizwe ukhathazekile ngalokhu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi lokhu kuguquguquka ngokweqile, ukungahlaliseki, kanye nokunganaki kungaba yini uphawu lwesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-ADHD.
Kalula nje, iyini i-ADHD?
I-ADHD, noma i-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder , yisimo sokuziphatha esihlotshaniswa nokukhula kobuntwana. Sinezici ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukunganaki, ukusebenza ngokweqile, kanye nokungasheshi .
Ngokuvamile lezi zimpawu zibonakala ngesikhathi sesikole. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bangakwazi ukuthola i-ADHD ezinganeni ezineminyaka emi-3 ubudala? Eqinisweni, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zezingane ezitholakale zine-ADHD zingabantwana abasaqalayo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu, kunokumane ukukubheka njengento "embi" noma "embi."
Yiziphi izimpawu zokuthi ingane yami ingaba ne-ADHD?
Ingane ene-ADHD inenkinga yokuhlala endaweni eyodwa kunezinye izingane ezingontanga yayo. Ayikwazi ukulinda ithuba layo, igxuma iye phambili emgqeni, igxuma iye lapho othile ekhuluma. Uyayibona yini le ndlela yokuziphatha enganeni yakho?
Kodwa khumbula, ukuba nezimpawu eyodwa noma ezimbili nje zalezi akusho ukuthi ingane yakho ine-ADHD. Ukuze udokotela anqume ukuthi lesi yisimo, lezi zimpawu kumele zibe khona okungenani izinyanga ezingu-6 . Futhi lezi zenzo kumele zibonakale ezindaweni eziningi, njengasekhaya, esikoleni sabantwana abancane, kanye nalapho idlala ngaphandle.
Ithebula elingezansi libala ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile ze-ADHD ezingabonakala kumntwana osemncane. Bona ukuthi lezi ziyafana yini nengane yakho.
| Isici/Ukuziphatha | Lokhu kusho... |
|---|---|
| Ukungathandi ukuhlala emsebenzini owodwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emi-5. | Uma ubanika incwadi yokufaka imibala, bazoyilahla ngemizuzu emibili noma emithathu bese beqala ukwenza okunye. Abathandi ukulalela indaba. |
| Ukukhuluma nokwenza umsindo omkhulu kunabanye abantwana. | Bahlala bekhuluma futhi bememeza, ngisho noma bedlala. Kunzima ukuthula ngisho noma kufanele bathule. |
| Ukulahlekelwa ukugxila ngokushesha emsebenzini. | Badlala ngethoyizi bese ngokuzumayo balibeka eceleni babaleke. Abenzi msebenzi owodwa kuze kube yilapho seliqedile. |
| Njalo ngikhwela phezu kwezinto. | Hhayi nje kuphela ezihlalweni, ematafuleni, kanye nasemasofeni, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi baze bazame ngisho nokukhwela ngendlela eyingozi emakhabetheni nasemafasiteleni. |
| Ukulimala okuvamile ngenxa yokusebenza ngokushesha kakhulu. | Ngenxa yokuthi bahlala begijima futhi begxuma, bahlala bewa, beshayisana nezinto, futhi belimala. |
| Ukuziphatha ngendlela eyingozi. | Bagxuma emgwaqweni ngaphandle kokubheka umgwaqo, bazama ukugxuma besuka ezindaweni eziphakeme, futhi badlale ngezinto eziyingozi. |
| Ukwehluleka ukulandela imiyalelo. | Ngisho noma usho into elula njengokuthi “Nginike lelo bhola,” abalaleli futhi benze okunye. Akukhona ngoba bengakulaleli, kodwa ngoba abanaki. |
| Ukuphazamisa inkulumo noma umsebenzi wabanye. | Ungena ngaphakathi ngenkathi ukhuluma nomunye umuntu, bese uphazamisa abanye abantwana ngenkathi bedlala. |
Udokotela unquma kanjani lokhu?
Uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-ADHD, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubonana nodokotela wezingane.Ukubona udokotela ochwepheshe kulokhu. Udokotela akakuxilongi lokhu ngento efana nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Basebenzisa izindlela eziningana ukwenza lokho.
Okokuqala, udokotela uzokubuza wena, uyise wengane, uthisha wesikole samabanga aphansi, nabanye abantu abadala abanakekela ingane kakhulu ngokuziphatha kwayo. Udokotela uzokhuluma nengane futhi abheke ukuthi ingane iziphatha kanjani.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga zokubona, ukuzwa, ukukhuluma, noma ukulala zingabonakala njenge-ADHD. Ngakho udokotela uzoqala ahlole ezinye izimbangela.
Ngokuvamile, udokotela uzolandela lezi zinyathelo:
- Sixoxa ngokujulile ngokuziphatha kwengane kanye nomlando wezokwelapha ekhaya nasesikoleni sabantwana abancane.
- Buza ngezibonakaliso nezimpawu ezikukhathazayo.
- Imibuzo isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuziphatha kwengane .
- Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ngaphandle kwe-ADHD.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlonza lesi simo kusenesikhathi, ngoba-ke, esiteji sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho bengane, ingafundiswa amakhono, ukuziphatha okuhle, kanye nezindlela zokubhekana nezinkinga ezizidingayo.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-ADHD ezinganeni zasenkulisa?
Nakhu okumele nikwazi, njengabazali. Uma ingane esenkulisa ine-ADHD, ochwepheshe bazoqala batuse ukwelashwa kokuziphatha , hhayi imithi .
Lokhu kwelashwa kokuziphatha akukona okwengane kuphela. Kuphinde kunikeze ukuqeqeshwa nokwelulekwa kuwe, mzali. Kukufundisa izindlela zokukusiza ukulawula ukuziphatha kwengane yakho, ukuyifundisa imikhuba emihle, nokwakha ukuzethemba kwayo.
- Ukwelapha Ngokudlala: Umelaphi usiza ingane ukuthi ikhulume ngemicabango nemizwa yayo ngenkathi idlala ngayo.
- Ukwelapha Ngengxoxo: Ukukhuluma nengane nokuyisiza ngezinkinga zayo zengqondo.
- Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabazali: Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Uzofundiswa indlela yokuphatha ukuziphatha kwengane yakho, indlela yokubeka imingcele yengane yakho, kanye nendlela yokuvuza ukuziphatha okuhle.
Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kudinga isikhathi nomzamo, kodwa imiphumela yesikhathi eside iyakufanelekela.
Ngabe awunginiki umuthi?
Kuphela uma ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kungazithuthukisi izimpawu ezinzima zengane yakho, udokotela wakho anganquma ukukunikeza imithi. Lo muthi uvame ukuqala ngemva kweminyaka engu-4.
Le mithi isebenza ngokuvuselela umsebenzi wamakhemikhali athile ebuchosheni (ama-neurotransmitters). Udokotela uzohlala eqala ngomthamo ophansi kakhulu . Uma kudingeka, umthamo uzolungiswa kamuva.
Le mithi ayinazo imiphumela emibi. Ingafaka phakathi ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, ukwehla kwesisindo, ukuqwasha, kanye nokukhula okulibazisayo. Kodwa-ke, izifundo eziningi zikhombisile ukuthi le miphumela emibi iyaphela ngemva kokuyeka imithi.
Isinqumo sokunikeza noma ukunganiki imithi sibucayi kakhulu. Lesi akusona isinqumo okufanele usenze wedwa. Khuluma nodokotela wengane yakho bese ninquma ndawonye ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu enganeni yakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ADHD akuyona ingane "embi" noma "eyisiwula". Yisimo sangempela esidinga usizo lwezokwelapha.
- Uma ukhathazekile ngokuziphatha kwengane yakho, ungalindi nje ubone, kodwa thintana nodokotela wezingane ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Ukwelashwa kokuqala nokungcono kakhulu kwezingane ezisencane kuyindlela yokwelapha yokuziphatha, futhi ukubandakanyeka kwabazali kubalulekile.
- Imithi iyindlela yesibili, futhi kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ezimpawini ezinzima futhi ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuseduze kukadokotela. Xoxani nganoma yiziphi izinqumo ngalokhu nodokotela wakho.
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