Ingabe udokotela wakho ukutshelile ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA? Kungenzeka ukuthi uzizwe wesaba futhi wethukile kancane lapho esho lokho. Kuvamile ukuthi imibuzo efana nokuthi "Kuyini lokhu kuhlolwa?", "Kufunani?", "Ingabe ngizogula kakhulu uma umbiko ubonisa ukuthi unegciwane?" ifike engqondweni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngendlela elula kakhulu nenobungane ngokuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-ANA kuyini, kungani kwenziwa, nokuthi ungawuchaza kanjani umbiko wakho.
Okokuqala, ake sibone ukuthi le ANA isho ukuthini.
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, sidinga ukwazi okuncane ngohlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, uhlelo lokuzivikela . Cabanga ukuthi umzimba wethu ufana nezwe. Khona-ke lolu hlelo lokuzivikela luyibutho elikulelo zwe. Lapho izitha zakwamanye amazwe, njengama-virus namabhaktheriya , zingena emzimbeni, leli butho liyazibona, lizihlasele, futhi lizibhubhise.
Ama-antibodies ayiqembu elikhethekile lamasosha kuleli butho. Afana nephosta "ELIFUNWAYO" lamaphoyisa. Umsebenzi wawo ukuhlonza isitha esingene emzimbeni bese siwanikela kwamanye amaseli okuphepha.
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izivikelo zethu zenza iphutha elincane. Esikhundleni sabahlaseli bakwamanye amazwe, baphambanisa amangqamuzana ethu anempilo ngokuthi “izitha.” Bese izivikelo zethu ziqala ukuhlasela amangqamuzana ethu. Yile ndlela esibiza ngayo ama-antibodies angalungile akhiqizwa ngokumelene namaseli ethu ngokuthi ama-autoantibodies .
Ama-Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) angolunye uhlobo lwe-autoantibody. Njengoba igama elithi ``nuclear'' egameni lawo lisikisela, umgomo wawo oyinhloko yingxenye "yobuchopho" yamaseli ethu, i-``nucleus'' . Ukwanda kwenani lale ANA egazini kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi singase sibe nesifo sokuzivikela komzimba , isimo lapho umzimba wethu ulwa nawo ngokwawo.
Kungani udokotela angancoma lolu vivinyo lwe-ANA?
Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi unesifo sokuzivikela komzimba ngokusekelwe ezimpawini ezithile onazo (isibonelo, ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo bamalunga , ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukukhathala okukhulu), angase acele ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA ukuqinisekisa noma ukuqeda ukuthi kungenzeka.
Ngezansi kunezinye zezimo zezokwelapha eziyinhloko ezingasiza ekuxilongweni kwe-ANA.
| Isimo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Isifo se-Lupus Erythematosus esijwayelekile (SLE) - Lupus | Kuyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi esingathinta izitho ezahlukene emzimbeni, njengesikhumba, amalunga, izinso kanye nobuchopho. |
| Isifo SikaSjögren | Isimo esibangela kakhulu amehlo nomlomo owomile. |
| I-Scleroderma | Ukuqina nokuqina kwesikhumba kuyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko, futhi kungathinta nezitho zangaphakathi. |
| I-Polymyositis noma i-Dermatyositis | Isimo esibangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha nokuvuvukala. |
| Isifo Sezicubu Ezixubile (i-MCTD) | Isimo esihlanganisa izimpawu zezifo eziningana, njenge-lupus kanye ne-scleroderma. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kungaba nomphumela omuhle kwezinye izimo zomdlavuza.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa kanjani? Ingabe kubuhlungu?
Kulula kakhulu. Kufana nje nalapho unikeza igazi. Umhlengikazi noma udokotela we-phlebotomist uthatha isampula encane yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Akuthathi umzuzu. Bese befaka ibhandishi elincane endaweni. Yilokho kuphela. Yilokho kuphela okufanele ukwenze.
Ngemuva kwalokho, elabhorethri, udokotela wezifo uzohlola isampula yegazi lakho esebenzisa indlela ekhethekile. Indlela evame kakhulu ibizwa ngokuthi i-indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) . Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka i-ANA egazini lakho, elenzelwe ukukhanya ngaphansi kwe-microscope ekhethekile. Umbiko ube usubhalwa ngokubheka amangqamuzana akhazimulayo.
Ungawuqonda kanjani umbiko wokuhlolwa?
Uzothola umbiko wokuhlolwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezizayo. Kungase kube nezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ake siziqonde ngayinye ngayinye ngamagama alula.
| Ingxenye embikweni | Kusho ukuthini lokho? |
|---|---|
| Ukuhumusha (Okuhle / Okubi) | Lena yinto eyisisekelo kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-ANA itholakale egazini lakho noma cha. Uma itholakale, izofakwa ohlwini "oluhle". Ngaphandle kwalokho, izofakwa ohlwini "olubi". |
| Ukufundwa kwe-Titer (ubuningi) | Uma ukuhlolwa kutholakala ukuthi kuyiqiniso, into elandelayo okufanele uyibheke ukuthi mangaki lawa ma-antibodies akhona. Lokhu kuboniswa ngezilinganiso ezifana no-1:40, 1:80, 1:160, 1:320. Uma isilinganiso siphezulu, kulapho izinga lama-antibody liphezulu khona. Uma izinga liphezulu, kulapho amathuba okuba nesifo sokuzivikela komzimba aphakama khona. |
| Iphethini Elikhanyayo | Udokotela angathola nezinkomba endleleni i-nucleus yeseli ekhanya ngayo ngaphansi kwe-microscope, okungukuthi, "iphethini". Isibonelo, kunezindlela ezahlukene ezifana ne-"Homogenous", "Speckled", "Centromere". Amanye amaphethini aqondene ngqo nezifo ezithile. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, ngakho udokotela wakho uzokuchazela. |
Ingabe kufanele wesabe uma uhlolwe waba ne-ANA?
Nansi into ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuthi nje ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kuveze ukuthi kuyiqiniso akusho ukuthi unesifo sokuzivikela komzimba isikhathi esingu-100%. Khumbula lokhu.
Eqinisweni, cishe abantu abathathu kwabayishumi abaphilile abangenaso isifo abazohlolwa ukuthi bane-ANA. Lokho kuvamile.
Kungase kube nezinye izizathu ezenza ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kube positive.
- Uma unegciwane elifana nomkhuhlane ovamile wegciwane.
- Ngenxa yeminye yemithi oyiphuzayo.
- I-ANA ngezinye izikhathi ingaba nethemba njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
Ngakho-ke, uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-ANA kukuhle, udokotela wakho uzokucabangela njengengxenye eyodwa yephazili. Uzocabangela izimpawu zakho, eminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa, kanye nalo mbiko we-ANA, bese efika esiphethweni sokugcina. Angase futhi ancome okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuthile (isib. i-anti-dsDNA, i-anti-Sm) ukusiza ekuxilongeni lesi simo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kuyithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu elisiza odokotela ukuthi baxilonge izifo ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba . Kodwa ungesabi wedwa ngemva kokubona umbiko. Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukungabaza onakho. Uzokuchazela konke futhi akunikeze isiqondiso esidingekayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kuyindlela elula yokuhlola igazi esisiza ukuthola izifo ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba .
- Lokhu kubhekisela ohlotsheni lwe-antibody olukhiqizwa ngokumelene namaseli emizimba yethu.
- Ukuthi nje ukuhlolwa "kuqondile" akusho ukuthi unesifo. Abantu abaphilile nabo bangatholakala benaso.
- Zonke izingxenye ezintathu zombiko zibalulekile: umphumela (Okuhle/Okubi), inani lama-antibodies (i-Titer), kanye nephethini ekhanyayo (iphethini).
- Xoxa njalo nodokotela wakho ngombiko wakho wokuhlolwa nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo . Ungenzi izinqumo wedwa noma wesabe ngokungadingekile.
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