Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ucindezelekile esifubeni sakho, njengokungathimula? Noma ingabe ukuthola kunzima ukuphefumula uma uzikhandla kancane? Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungabangelwa izinkinga ngama-valve enhliziyweni yethu, asebenza njengamasango. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esihlobene ne-Aortic Valve, elinye "lamasango" abaluleke kakhulu enhliziyweni. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi `(Isifo se-Aortic Valve)`.
Kuyini ngempela lokhu `(Isifo se-Aortic Valve)`?
Kalula nje, i-aortic valve ivumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze lisuka ekamelweni eliyinhloko lokupompa lenhliziyo yakho (i-ventricle yesobunxele) liye emthanjeni wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke (i-aorta) othwala igazi liye kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Isebenza njengomnyango oyinhloko wendlu. Cabanga ngakho, lo mnyango kufanele uvuleke futhi uvalwe ngesikhathi esifanele.
- Uma ivuleka: Njalo lapho inhliziyo ishaya, leli valvu kufanele livuleke ngokuphelele, livumele lonke igazi liphume enhliziyweni, liye e-aorta. Kulapho kuphela lapho lelo gazi lizohlinzeka umzimba wonke nge-oxygen nezakhamzimba.
- Uma uvala: Ngemva kokuba igazi seliphumile, leli valvu kufanele livaleke kahle, livimbele igazi ukuthi liphinde libuyele enhliziyweni.
Uma eyodwa noma zombili lezi zinto zingasebenzi kahle, sikhuluma ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Isifo se-Aortic Valve)`.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu, akunjalo?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-`(Isifo se-Aortic Valve)`. 1.
`(I-Aortic Stenosis)` - Ukuncishiswa kwevalvu: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umnyango wenhliziyo, okungukuthi, ivalvu ye-aortic, uba mncane futhi ungakwazi ukuvula kahle. Cabanga ukuthi umnyango uvulekile kancane nje. Khona-ke akukho ndawo eyanele yokuba igazi liphume enhliziyweni. Inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukuze icindezele igazi kulo mnyango omncane. 2.
`(Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Aortic)` - Ukuvuza kwevalvu: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umnyango ungavali kahle. Uma umnyango ungavali kahle, elinye igazi eliphumile liphinde lingene enhliziyweni. Njengoba nje lapho umpompi ungavalwa kahle, amanzi ayavuza.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi, noma ngabe unesinye salezi zimo noma zombili, ungase ungazazi ngisho nesikhathi esithile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpawu zivame ukuvela kuphela ngemva kokuba isifo sesiqhubeke kancane. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.
Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo?
Nakuba noma ubani engaba nalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Aortic Valve Disease," abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Yilezi:
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala: Njengoba ukhula, izinguquko kuma-valve zingenzeka.
- Abantu abazalwa benomehluko omncane kuma-valve enhliziyo yabo: Isibonelo, kukhona isimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i- Bicuspid Aortic Valve ". Ngokuvamile, i-aortic valve inamapheshana amathathu. Kodwa laba bantu banamapheshana amabili.
- ImveloAbantu abanesifo senhliziyo (`(Isifo Senhliziyo Sokuzalwa)`).
- Abantu abake baphathwa ngemisebe endaweni yesifuba: Ukwelashwa ngemisebe esifubeni kunikezwa izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza (isb., i-Hodgkin Lymphoma). Lokhu kungathinta ama-valve ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Abantu abaneSifo Senhliziyo Esibangelwa Yi-Rheumatic: I-Rheumatic fever, eqala njengokutheleleka komphimbo, ingalimaza ama-valve enhliziyo.
Emazweni afana neMelika neYurophu, lokhu kubhekwa njengesifo esivame kakhulu nesiyingozi kakhulu sezifo ze-valve yenhliziyo. Kuthiwa ukufa okungu-6 kwabayi-10 okubangelwa izifo ze-valve yenhliziyo kubangelwa yilokhu. Lokho kusho ukuthi uma uhlanganisa zonke ezinye izifo ze-valve (mitral, pulmonary, tricuspid) ndawonye, inani lokufa liyanda.
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni,
kungase kungabi nazimpawu nhlobo ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, ungase uqale ukuzwa izinto ezifana nalezi:
- Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina: Kungase kuzwakale sengathi othile ucindezela isifuba sakho.
- I-Syncope: Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo ngokuzumayo.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo: Ungase uzizwe sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha ngokuzumayo, noma ungase uzwe umsindo "oshayayo" esifubeni sakho.
- Ukuphelelwa umoya: Ubunzima bokuphefumula , ikakhulukazi lapho wenza okuthile, uvivinya umzimba, ulele phansi, noma ulele ebusuku.
- Ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala kwemilenze namaqakala): Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze engezansi.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?
Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani lesi `(Isifo se-Aortic Valve)` siqala.
- Ivalvu iyaguga ngokuguga: Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko. Njengoba nje izingxenye zomshini ziguga ngokusetshenziswa.
- Isifo Senhliziyo Esihambisana Nesifo Sokuqaqamba Kwamalunga: Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, umkhuhlane wamalunga ubangela umonakalo kuma-valve.
- Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso: Isibonelo, ukuba ne-aortic valve ye-bicuspid.
- Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme : Ukuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme isikhathi esithile kungathinta nama-valve.
- Ukutheleleka kwe-valve yenhliziyo (i-endocarditis): Ukulimala kwe-valve ngenxa yokutheleleka ngamagciwane.
- Ukulimala esifubeni kanye nezingozi.
- I-Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Ukuvuvukala kwe-aorta.
- Ukuqhekeka kwe-Aorta: Ukudabuka odongeni lwe-aorta.
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe esifubeni (kwezinto ezifana nomdlavuza).
Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Kukhona ingozi enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo ngezinto ezifana nalezi:
- Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala.
- Uma kukhona ukuqina kanye nokufakwa kwe-calcium ku-valve (i-Aortic Valve Sclerosis) (kulokhu, i-valve ayikancishiswa, kodwa kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwesifo).
- Uma unesici se-valve yokuzalwa, ikakhulukazi i-`(Bicuspid Aortic Valve)`.
- Uma uke waba nomkhuhlane wamathambo esikhathini esidlule.
- Uma uke waba nokutheleleka kwe-valve yenhliziyo ngaphambilini (i-endocarditis).
- Uma unezimo ezithile zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo (isibonelo, i-Marfan Syndrome, i-Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, i-Lupus).
Ingabe zikhona izigaba zalesi sifo?
Yebo, lesi sifo siqhubeka kancane kancane. Odokotela basebenzisa izigaba ezine ukuchaza ubunzima baso:
- Isigaba A (Esisengozini / Isigaba A): Ivalvu yakho ye-aorta isebenza kahle ngalesi sikhathi, kodwa okungenani unesici esisodwa esiyingozi sokuthuthukisa lesi sifo.
- Isigaba B (Esiqhubekayo): Lesi yisifo se-Aortic Valve esithambile kuya kwesiphakathi. Kunezinguquko ezincane ekusebenzeni kwe-valve, kodwa awunazo izimpawu okwamanje.
- Isigaba C (Asymptomatic Severe / Isigaba C): Lolu uhlobo olubi lwe-Aortic Valve Disease. Ungase ungabi nazimpawu ngenkathi wenza imisebenzi yakho evamile. Kodwa-ke, ungase ube nezimpawu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kokuzivocavoca.
- C1: Inhliziyo isakwazi ukupompa igazi elanele emzimbeni.
- C2: Inhliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa igazi elingaka (Ingxenyana Yokukhipha I-Ventricular Yesobunxele - `(Ingxenyana Yokukhipha I-Ventricular Yesobunxele)` ingaphansi kuka-50%.
- Isigaba D (Izimpawu Ezinzima): Unesifo esibi kakhulu se-aortic valve esibangela izimpawu empilweni yakho yansuku zonke. Ekuqaleni, izimpawu zingase zivele kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, kodwa kamuva, izimpawu zingase zivele ngisho nalapho ungazivivinyi.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?
Lesi yisifo esibi kakhulu, futhi uma singelashwa kahle, singaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu.
Inkinga evame kakhulu futhi eyingozi ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ayikwazi ukupompa igazi elanele emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza komzimba wonke. Ezinye izinkinga zifaka:
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (`(Arrhythmia)`).
- Isifo senhliziyo.
- Ukuboshwa Kwenhliziyo Okungazelelwe (`(Ukuboshwa Kwenhliziyo Okungazelelwe)`).
- Isifo Sohlangothi (`(Isifo Sohlangothi)`).
Ukubona kanjani lokhu? Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa odokotela?
Odokotela baxilonga lesi sifo ngokukuhlola nokwenza ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ezikhethekile. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, udokotela uzokwenza okulandelayo:
- Babuza ngezimo zakho zezokwelapha, njengokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho onesifo senhliziyo.
- Izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile (umfutho wegazi, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, njll.) ziyahlolwa.
- Inhliziyo ilalelwa nge-stethoscope (`(Auscultation)`). Uma uzwa umsindo wenhliziyo ongajwayelekile (obizwa ngokuthi `(Murmur)`), kungaba uphawu lwe-`(Isifo se-Aortic Valve)`.
- Kwenziwa i-ECG (i-electrocardiogram). Lokhu kuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho,
i-`(Echocardiogram)` (Echocardiogram) iyisivivinyo esiyinhloko nesingcono kakhulu sokuxilonga `(Isifo se-Aortic Valve)`. Lokhu kusebenzisa amaza omsindo avame kakhulu (`(Ultrasound)`) ukuthatha izithombe ezibukhoma zenhliziyo nama-valve. Lokhu kungabonisa konke kusukela ekutheni i-valve iyavuleka futhi ivala kahle yini kuya ekutheni igazi ligeleza emuva yini. Ezinye izivivinyo ongase ube nazo:
- Ukufakwa Kwe-Catheter Kwenhliziyo (`(Ukufakwa Kwe-Catheter Kwenhliziyo)`).
- Ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo nge-CT.
- I-X-ray yesifuba.
- I-angiogram yenhliziyo (`(I-Angiogram yenhliziyo)`).
- Isivivinyo Sokucindezeleka Kokuzivocavoca (`(Isivivinyo Sokucindezeleka Kokuzivocavoca)`).
- I-MRI yenhliziyo.
Iyini indlela yokwelapha?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwe-Aortic Valve Disease onalo (i-stenosis, i-regurgitation, noma kokubili), ukuthi ithuthuke
kangakanani (isigaba), kanye nobunzima bezimpawu zakho. Udokotela wakho uzohlola isimo sakho futhi ancome uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kuwe. Izinketho zokwelapha zingafaka:
- Imithi: Imithi ayikwazi ukwelapha ngokuphelele inkinga yakho ye-valve. Kodwa ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu, inciphise ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni yakho, futhi inciphise ingozi yezinkinga. Udokotela angase akunike imithi yokuvimbela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi, ukulawula i-cholesterol, noma ukwelapha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
- I-Valvuloplasty: Lena inqubo encane engadingi ukusikwa okukhulu. Ipayipi elincane lifakwa emlenzeni noma engalweni yakho, bese kusetshenziswa ibhaluni ekugcineni kwepayipi ukwandisa ivalvu yakho ye-aortic encishisiwe. Uma une-aortic stenosis, lokhu kungathuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi ngevalvu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvame ukuba yisisombululo sesikhashana.
- Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Heart Valve: Kule nqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo uzolungisa i-aortic valve yakho noma ayishintshe ngentsha. I-valve entsha ingaba yi-tissue valve noma i-mechanical heart valve eyenziwe ngensimbi. Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela benza ukuhlinzwa kwe-valve kanye ne-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) noma olunye ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo.
- Ukufakwa Kwevalvu Ye-Aortic ye-Transcatheter (TAVR): I-TAVR iyindlela entsha, engangenisi kakhulu kunokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okujwayelekile. Esikhundleni sokwenza ukusikwa okukhulu esifubeni, kufakwa ithubhu elincane ngomthambo wegazi emlenzeni ukuze kufakwe ivalvu entsha ye-aortic enhliziyweni, bese ivalvu endala iqiniswa ngaphakathi.
- Inqubo kaRoss: Lena inqubo edinga i-aortic valve entsha, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-60. Udokotela ohlinzayo ushintsha i-aortic valve yakho nge-pulmonary valve yakho (i-valve ethwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liya emaphashini), bese eshintsha i-pulmonary valve esusiwe nge-donor pulmonary valve. Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kancane.
Zikhona yini izindlela zokugwema lokhu?
Isifo se-Aortic Valve akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusivimbela. Sivame ukubangelwa ukuguga, isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso, noma izimo zezokwelapha zesikhathi eside okunzima ukuzilawula. Kodwa-ke, ungenza okulandelayo ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho futhi ugcine ama-valve enhliziyo yakho enempilo ngangokunokwenzeka:
- Gwema imikhiqizo kagwayi nezidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubi kakhulu enhliziyweni.
- Vivinya umzimba okungenani imizuzu engama-30 cishe izinsuku eziningi zesonto. Ngisho nento elula njengokuhamba noma ukugibela ibhayisikili ilungile.
- Uma ugula, ikakhulukazi uma unegciwane elibangelwa amagciwane njenge-strep throat, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Uma lingelashwa, lingaphenduka umkhuhlane wamathambo futhi lilimaze ama-valve enhliziyo.
- Thatha imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho (isib. imithi yomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma i-cholesterol) ngendlela efanele nangesikhathi.
- Uma unesifo se-valve, bona udokotela wakho njalo ukuze akuhlole ukuze welashwe ngokushesha. Uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa kuyaqhubeka.
Yini okudingeka uyazi uma uphila nalesi simo?
Uma usuthole ukuthi unesifo se-Aortic Valve Disease, ukuthi sizokuthinta kanjani kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthi utholakale nini, ukuthi lesi sifo sithuthuke
kangakanani , kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngekusasa lakho. Bangakunikeza umbono ocacile wokuthi uzosabela kanjani ekwelashweni nokuthi yini ongayilindela. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza iseluleko mayelana nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila nokuthi ungazinakekela kanjani nsuku zonke. Landela le miyalelo ngokucophelela, futhi ubuze noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo. Udokotela wakho angase ancome izinto ezinjengalezi:
- Yamukela ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo (njengokudla kwaseMedithera): Yidla imifino eminingi, izithelo, ubhontshisi, izinhlanzi, nokudla okucebile nge-fiber. Nciphisa usawoti, ushukela, namafutha.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Kodwa-ke, kuye ngokuthi isifo sakho se-Aortic Valve sibucayi kangakanani, ungase ube nemikhawulo yokuzivocavoca. Kubalulekile ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze nokuthi yini okungafanele uyenze.
- Yeka ngokuphelele ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi.
- Ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka kwe-valve yenhliziyo (i-endocarditis), kubalulekile ukunakekela amazinyo nezinsini zakho kahle kakhulu: Ukuxubha amazinyo akho nsuku zonke nokubona udokotela wamazinyo njalo kubalulekile.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi udinga ukubona udokotela wakho kangaki.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ugcine wonke ama-aphoyintimenti akho. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo ezivamile, njenge-echocardiogram, ukuze aqaphe ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho kanye ne-valve. Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza
udokotela wakho ukuncoma ukwelashwa okufanele futhi kunciphise ingozi yezinkinga zesikhathi esizayo.
Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma:- Uma izimpawu zakho (njengobuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya) ziba zimbi kakhulu.
- Uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha.
- Uma unemiphumela emibi evela emithini yakho.
Kufanele uye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?
Uma kwenzeka into efana nalena kuwe
, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha, noma ushayele u-1990:- Kulungile uma uquleka noma ulahlekelwa ingqondo.
- Uma uwa ngenkathi uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi (isib. i-Warfarin, i-Aspirin). Le mithi yandisa ingozi yokopha kwangaphakathi uma uwa noma ulimala.
- Uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka enxebeni lakho (ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, umkhuhlane, ubomvu obunuka kabi) ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma inqubo.
- Uma unezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (`(Izimpawu Zokuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo)`): ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu obuphuma engalweni yesobunxele, entanyeni, emhlathini, ekujulukeni, ekucasukeni, ekuhlanzeni.
- Uma ngokuzumayo uba nobunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula.
- Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zifaka: ukungazweli noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, ukukhuluma okungacacile, ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso, ukushintsha kombono ngokuzumayo, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu.
Ukuthola ukuthi unesifo se-Aortic Valve Disease kungaba yinto eyesabekayo futhi ekhungathekisayo. Lokho kuvamile. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngemithi ethuthukisiwe yanamuhla, unganciphisa kakhulu izimpawu zakho, unciphise ingozi yezinkinga, futhi uphile impilo enempilo nesebenzayo. Uma uzizwa ukhathazekile noma ukhathazekile ngekusasa, ukukhuluma nabanye abantu abanesifo se-valve yenhliziyo nokujoyina amaqembu okusekela kungasiza. Buza udokotela wakho ngakho.
Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele sizithathe ekhaya kule ndaba?
Isifo se-Aortic Valve yisimo esithinta i-valve ebaluleke kakhulu enhliziyweni yethu futhi singaba sibi kakhulu. Kodwa
ungakhohlwa ukuthi uma siqashelwa kusenesikhathi, silandelwe iseluleko esifanele sezokwelapha, futhi selashwa kahle, singalawulwa kahle. Uma unezimpawu, ikakhulukazi ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukukhathala, noma ukuquleka, ungasinaki ucabanga ukuthi "kuyinto ehlukile nje."
Bona udokotela ngokushesha bese uthola iseluleko. Khumbula, ukunakekela inhliziyo yakho kuyisizo esikhulu ongazenzela sona! Inhliziyo enempilo isho impilo enempilo.
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