Wake waba nokusikeka okuncane kanye negazi elincane, bese liyeka lodwa? Kuyindlela emangalisayo yokuzivikela emzimbeni wethu. Ukuze umise ukuphuma kwegazi, kwakheka ihlule legazi ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Lena inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu, evamile. Kodwa, cabanga ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani uma leli hlule legazi livela ngaphandle kokulimala, ngaphakathi nje emzimbeni wakho, ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yakho. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukuphazamiseka kokujiya kwegazi, noma ngokwezokwelapha `(Isimo Esinamandla Okujiya)` noma `( I-Thrombophilia )`.
Kalula nje, siyini lesi sifo sokujiya kwegazi?
Yilapho igazi lakho liqina kalula kunokujwayelekile. I-blood clot yakheka lapho amaprotheni enziwa yisibindi sethu ( izici zokujiya ) nama -platelet egazini lethu ehlangana. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kumiswe ukopha uma kukhona ukulimala. Kodwa uma le nqubo iba matasa kakhulu, ingaba yinkinga.
Sibiza amahlule egazi angafuneki akha imithambo yegazi ngokuthi "i-thrombus" noma "i-embolus".
Ingabe lesi simo siyingozi ngempela?
Yebo, lokhu kungaba yingozi uma kungelashwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amahlule egazi angakheka noma kuphi emzimbeni wethu. Angakheka kakhulu emithanjeni ethwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba kanye nasemithanjeni ethwala igazi lisuka emzimbeni liye enhliziyweni.
Uma kwenzeka amahlule egazi emithanjeni...
Ihlule legazi elakheka emthanjeni lingaphuma futhi lihambe negazi, okubangela izinkinga ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kwakheka ihlule legazi emthanjeni ojulile, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni, ethangeni, ezingalweni, esibindini, emathunjini, noma ezinso. Cabanga ukuthi usendizeni amahora amaningi ngesikhathi. Ukugcina imilenze yakho isendaweni eyodwa kungabangela ukuthi ukugeleza kwegazi kuvinjelwe, futhi ihlule legazi lingakheka emthanjeni osemlenzeni wakho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-DVT.
- I-Pulmonary Embolus: Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo. Lesi simo senzeka lapho ihlule legazi elakheke emlenzeni, njenge-DVT, liphuma bese lihlala emthanjeni emaphashini. Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni.
Uma kwenzeka amahlule egazi emithanjeni...
Imithambo yegazi iyimithambo yegazi ehlinzeka ngegazi elinomoya-mpilo ebuchosheni bethu, enhliziyweni, nasezithweni. Uma kwenzeka ihlule legazi kwenye yalezi zinto, lingadala umonakalo omkhulu.
- Isifo sohlangothi: Uma ihlule legazi livimba umthambo ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni.
- Ukuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo: Uma ihlule legazi livimba umthambo wenhliziyo ohambisa igazi enhliziyweni.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu emilenzeni kanye nobunzima bokuhamba.
- Kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka ngisho nokususa ingalo noma umlenze.
Lesi simo singaholela nasekuphuphumeni kwesisu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kubantu abanesifo esifana ne-"Antiphospholipid Syndrome." Ngokuvamile, ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi iyanda cishe izikhathi ezinhlanu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngenxa yokwanda komthamo wegazi kanye nokucindezela emzimbeni.
Wazi kanjani ukuthi unalesi sifo? Ziyini izimpawu?
Izimpawu zincike ekutheni ihlule legazi lakheke kuphi emzimbeni. Izimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu.
| Isibonakaliso | Yini evame ukusikiselwa? |
|---|---|
| Ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu, ubuhlungu, nokufudumala emlenzeni | Kungase kube namahlule egazi emithanjeni ejulile (i-Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) . |
| Ubuhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula | Kungase kube nokuqhekeka kwegazi emaphashini (pulmonary embolism) . Lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. |
| Ukungazweli kobuso, ingalo, noma umlenze (ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa), ubunzima bokukhuluma, noma izinguquko embonweni | Kungaba yisifo sohlangothi . Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo. |
| Ukuqina kwesifuba, ubuhlungu obuvela engalweni yesobunxele, emhlathini, noma emhlane, ukujuluka | Kungaba ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo . Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo. |
Kungani lezi zifo zenzeka? Ziyini izimbangela?
Izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: izimbangela zokuzalwa (zofuzo) kanye nezimbangela ezitholwe.
| Uhlobo lwesizathu | Incazelo nezibonelo |
|---|---|
| 1. Izimbangela Ezizuzwe Njengefa/Zofuzo | |
| Ukukhubazeka kofuzo | Lezi yizinto esizizuza njengefa kubazali bethu. Akuwona wonke umuntu onalezi zinto ozoba namahlule egazi, kodwa ingozi inkulu.
|
| 2. Izimbangela ezitholiwe | |
| Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha |
|
| Indlela yokuphila nezinye izici | |
Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Ukuthi nje une-blood clot akusho ukuthi unesifo sofuzo, ngakho udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nowomndeni.
Ngokuvamile, abantu abanezici ezilandelayo eziyingozi bathunyelwa ezivivinyweni ezinjalo:
- Uma kukhona emndenini onomlando walolu hlobo lwegazi eliqhekekile.
- Uma umuntu osemusha ongaphansi kweminyaka engu-50 eba nehlule legazi.
- Uma kwenzeka amahlule egazi ezindaweni ezingavamile, njengezingalo, isibindi, noma ubuchopho.
- Uma amahlule egazi eba khona ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile.
- Uma unezinhlayiya zegazi eziphindaphindayo.
- Uma ukuphuphuma kwesisu kwenzeka njalo.
- Uma unesifo sohlangothi usemncane.
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?
Kuzohlolwa igazi eliningana ukuze kuhlolwe isimo sakho.
- I-PT-INR: Uma uthatha umuthi othi `Warfarin`, lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi igazi lakho liqina ngokushesha kangakanani.
- aPTT: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi igazi lisabela kanjani kumuthi i-`Heparin` uma uwuthatha.
- Inani Eliphelele Legazi (CBC): Inani eliphelele legazi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fibrinogen
Kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo okuqondile ukuze kutholakale izimo zokuzalwa. Benza nokuhlolwa kokuhlola amazinga amaprotheni njenge-'Protein C', 'Protein S', kanye ne-'Antithrombin'.
Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zivivinyo zibucayi kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi zenziwe elabhorethri ekhethekile futhi zihunyushwe kahle ngudokotela onolwazi olukhethekile.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Esikhathini esiningi, ukwelashwa kuyadingeka kuphela uma kwakheka ihlule legazi ngaphakathi emthanjeni. Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi engeziwe nokuvimbela amahlule egazi akhona ukuthi akhule.
Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa imithi yokunciphisa igazi. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'ama-Anticoagulant'.
Imithi esetshenziswa kakhulu:
- I-aspirini
- I-Warfarin (uhlobo lwephilisi elithathwa ngomlomo)
- I-Heparin (umjovo ofakwa emthanjeni noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba esibhedlela)
- I-heparin enesisindo esincane sama-molecule (umjovo ongafakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba ekhaya kanye noma kabili ngosuku)
- I-Fondaparinux (umjovo)
- Ama-anticoagulant omlomo aqondile (ama-DOAC) - lawa yisizukulwane esisha samaphilisi omlomo (isib. i-Rivaroxaban, i-Apixaban)
Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yimuphi umuthi okulungele wena, ukuthi kufanele uwuthathe isikhathi esingakanani, nokuthi hlobo luni lokuqapha oludingekayo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma uthatha umuthi ofana ne-'Warfarin', ungayeki ukuwuthatha noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Futhi, i-'Warfarin' ayifaneleki uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa. Qiniseka ukuthi wazisa udokotela wakho ngalokhu.
Ingabe kudingeka ngiqaphele ukuthi ngidlani futhi ngiphuzani uma ngithatha i-Warfarin?
Yebo. Ukudla okucebile nge-vitamin K, ikakhulukazi, kungathinta ukusebenza kahle kwe-Warfarin. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo yokudla enikezwa udokotela wakho lapho uthatha lo muthi.
Ukudla okucebile nge-vitamin K
- Amahlumela aseBrussels
- Isipinashi
- I-broccoli
Lokhu akusho ukuthi akufanele ukudle lokhu kudla, kodwa kubalulekile ukugcina ukudla kwakho kwansuku zonke kufana. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
Uma unalesi simo, uzinakekela kanjani?
- Uma uthatha imithi efana neWarfarin, ukugqoka isongo lokuhlonza udokotela elisho ukuthi lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uthole ukwelashwa okufanele esimweni esiphuthumayo.
- Eminye imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, njengemithi yokuqeda izinhlungu, ingasebenzisana nale mithi yokunciphisa igazi. Ngakho-ke khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimuphi omunye umuthi.
- Yenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo (njenge-PT-INR). Isilinganiso semithi yakho singadinga ukulungiswa ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni.
- Uma uzohlinzwa noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, yazisa udokotela wakho kusenesikhathi.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, ungase wophe kakhulu, noma ushayeke, ngisho noma ulimale kancane. Lokhu kuvamile.
Kodwa-ke, uma wopha kakhulu ngendlela engavamile noma ubona amabala amakhulu egazi, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Futhi, uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu ze-DVT (ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, ubuhlungu), funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)?
Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU) ngokushesha.
* Ubuhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula (kungaba uphawu lwe-pulmonary embolism).
* Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.
Ukuphila nalesi simo kungaba yinselele. Kodwa ngemithi efanele kanye neseluleko sikadokotela esifanele, ungaphila impilo evamile ngokuphelele. Udokotela wakho ukhona ukukusiza. Ngakho-ke ungangabazi ukukhuluma naye nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo sokujiya kwegazi yisimo lapho kunengozi enkulu yokwakheka kwamahlule egazi ngokungadingekile futhi kalula ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yomzimba.
- Izimbangela zalokhu kungaba ukuzalwa (ufuzo) noma lezo ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphila (njengomdlavuza, ukuhlinzwa, ukukhulelwa).
- Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ihlule legazi likuphi. Amahlule egazi emaphashini, ebuchosheni, noma enhliziyweni ayizimo eziphuthumayo ezisongela ukuphila.
- Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko imithi yokunciphisa igazi (ama-anticoagulant). Le mithi kufanele ithathwe njengoba nje udokotela eqondisile.
- Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, qiniseka ukuthi wazisa udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha eminye imithi, ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, nangaphambi kokukhulelwa.
- Uma ubona ukopha ngokweqile noma izimpawu ezingavamile, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
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