Uma uthola ukusikeka okuncane, ukuphuma kwegazi kuyaphela ngemva kwesikhashana, akunjalo? Noma wake waphawula ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi uthola imivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokushaya lutho? Isizathu esiyinhloko salezi zinto amaseli amancane abizwa ngokuthi ' ama-platelet ' egazini lethu. Kodwa kwenzekani uma laba basizi bencipha ngenani? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Thrombocytopenia kwezokwelapha. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Thrombocytopenia?
I-Thrombocytopenia yisimo lapho inani lama-platelet egazini lakho liphansi kunejwayelekile. Ama-platelet angamaseli amancane , amise okwe-disc egazini lethu. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukwakha i-clot endaweni yesilonda ukuze kumiswe ukopha. Kufana nokuvala imbobo odongeni.
Wake wazibuza ukuthi leli gama lisho ukuthini? Igama elithi “Thrombocytes” elinye igama lama-platelet. Igama elithi “Penia” lisho ukungabi nento eyanele, ukushoda. Ngakho-ke lapho lokhu kokubili kuhlangana, kwakheka “iThrombocytopenia”.
Ngokuvamile, umuntu ophilile kufanele abe nama-platelet aphakathi kuka-150,000 no-450,000 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi (ithonsi legazi liqukethe cishe ama-microliter angu-35). Uma leli nani lingaphansi kuka-150,000 embikweni wakho wegazi, kubhekwa njengesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-thrombocytopenia.
Ingabe unezimpawu ezifana nalezi?
Esikhathini esiningi, ukwehla okuncane kwama-platelet akubanga zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma inani lama-platelet akho lehla kakhulu, ungase ube nalezi zimpawu:
| Isibonakaliso | Kwenzekani kulokho? |
|---|---|
| Ukopha | Ukopha kungase kwenzeke ezinsinini noma ekhaleni, ikakhulukazi lapho uxubha amazinyo akho. Abesifazane bangase babe nezikhathi ezinzima noma ezinde zokuya esikhathini. Ngezinye izikhathi, igazi lingase libe khona nasemchameni noma esitulweni. |
| Imivimbo namabala | Imivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/onsomi (njengokungathi ishayiwe) ivela emzimbeni ngaphandle kwesizathu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Purpura ngokwezokwelapha. Lokhu ukuphuma kwegazi okwenzeka ngaphansi kwesikhumba. |
| Amabala amancane abomvu esikhumbeni | Amachashazi amancane abomvu (amachashazi) angangobukhulu besihloko sepeni angabonakala esikhumbeni, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni. Lawa angafika ngamaqoqo. Odokotela bawabiza ngokuthi amaPetechiae . |
| Ukukhathala | Inani eliphansi lama-platelet kuphela alibangeli ukukhathala. Kodwa-ke, isimo sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo (isib. i-anemia) esibangela inani eliphansi lama-platelet singakwenza uzizwe ukhathele futhi ukhathele. |
| Ukwandiswa kwe-spleen | I-spleen iyisitho esitholakala ohlangothini olungaphezulu kwesobunxele lwesisu sethu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-platelet angabanjwa futhi abhujiswe ngaphakathi kwawo, okungabangela ukwehla kwenani lama-platelet. Bese i-spleen ivuvukala. |
Kungani ama-platelet ehla kanje? Ziyini izimbangela?
Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani ungase ube nama-platelet aphansi. Akuvamile kakhulu, kungaba yifa. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, kubangelwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha noma umuthi owuthathayo. Kalula nje, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezimbangela.
1. Ngoba umzimba awukhiqizi ama-platelet anele
Umnkantsha wethu yimboni eyenza lawa ma-platelet. Uma ukukhiqizwa kwaleyo mboni kuphazamiseka, ama-platelet azoncipha.
- Izimo zomdlavuza ezifana ne -leukemia
- Ezinye izinhlobo ze -anemia
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane , isibonelo i-dengue, i-hepatitis C , noma i-HIV
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza
- Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokweqile
- Ukungenisa izinto ezinobuthi njengezibulala-zinambuzane kanye ne-arsenic
2. Ngoba ama-platelet abhujiswa ngokushesha kunalokho akhiqizwayo
Ngisho noma ifektri isebenza kahle, uma iziko liphuka ngokushesha, kuzoba nokuntuleka kwama-platelet.
- Ukukhulelwa (kwabanye)
- Izifo ezizenzakalelayo. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wethu ebhubhisa ngephutha ama-platelet awo. Isibonelo, i-lupus.
- Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma amagciwane
- Eminye imithi (isib. i-Heparin)
- Izimo ezingavamile njenge-Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
3. Ngoba ama-platelet anamathela ebhodweni
Ngokuvamile, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yama-platelet ethu agcinwa ku-spleen. Kodwa-ke, uma i-spleen ikhula ngenxa yesifo esifana nesifo sokuqina kwesibindi, inani elikhulu lama-platelet libanjwa ngaphakathi kwalo, okunciphisa inani lama-platelet ajikeleza egazini.
Kukhona nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-thrombocytopenia.
I-Thrombocytopenia ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko kuye ngokuthi imbangela iyini.
- I-Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP): Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba abhubhisa ama-platelet ethu ngenxa yenkinga. Lokhu kungafika ngezinhlobo ezimbili: i-Acute ITP ezinganeni kanye ne-ITP engapheli kubantu abadala.
- I-Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP): Lesi yisimo esingavamile kodwa esiyingozi. Kwakha amahlule egazi amancane kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngenxa yokuthi kusetshenziswa ama-platelet amaningi kakhulu ukwenza la mahlule, inani lama-platelet egazini liyancipha.
- I-Drug-induced Thrombocytopenia (DIT): Lesi simo singaba umphumela ongemuhle wemithi ethile. Ngokuvamile siyaphela uma umuthi uyekwa.
- I-Germital Thrombocytopenia: Isimo esenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngokuvamile esingesibi kakhulu. Sivame ukunyamalala ngemva kokubeletha.
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Kuvame ukutholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile (i-Full Blood Count - i-FBC) okwenziwe ngesinye isizathu. Uma udokotela wakho ethola ukuthi unama-platelet aphansi, uzoyala ukuhlolwa okumbalwa ukuze athole imbangela.
Khumbula, uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kubonisa ama-platelet aphansi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi bese ubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.
| Ukuhlolwa | Ubonani kulokho? |
|---|---|
| Inani legazi eliphelele (i-CBC/FBC) | Inani lamaseli abomvu, amaseli amhlophe, nama-platelet egazini liyalinganiswa. |
| Ukugcotshwa Kwegazi (Ukugcotshwa Kwegazi Okungaphandle) | Ama-platelet ahlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi anesimo esijwayelekile kanye nokubukeka okuvamile. |
| Ukuhlolwa Komnkantsha Wamathambo | Uma imbangela ingacacile, lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ifektri yomnkantsha wamathambo isebenza kahle yini. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angase ahlole umzimba wakho futhi enze i-ultrasound yesisu ukuze ahlole inkinga yokwanda kwe-spleen noma yesibindi.
Ingabe lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu?
Kwabaningi, lokhu akuyona inkinga enkulu. Kodwa-ke, uma inani lama-platelet lehla ngaphansi kuka-20,000, kungaba yingozi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuphuma kwegazi kungenzeka ngaphakathi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni, ngisho nangaphandle kokulimala. Lokhu kusongela impilo.
Ngakho-ke, uma une-Thrombocytopenia, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo futhi uye emitholampilo ngesikhathi. Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu, izinguquko embonweni, noma ubunzima bokukhuluma, kufanele uye ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngoba lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Ukwelashwa kuncike embangeni we-platelet yakho ephansi nokuthi i-platelet yakho iphansi kangakanani.
- Ukwelapha imbangela: Uma imbangela yokubalwa kwama-platelet aphansi kuyimithi, udokotela uzoyiyeka leyo mithi bese enikeza omunye umuthi. Uma kuyisifo, bazoyelapha.
- Imithi: Uma kunenkinga yesimiso somzimba njenge-ITP, isimiso somzimba silawulwa ngokunikeza imithi efana nama-steroids.
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi noma ama-platelet: Uma inani lama-platelet liphansi kakhulu noma kukhona ukopha okukhulu, ama-platelet anikezwa ngaphandle (ukumpontshelwa ama-platelet).
- Ukuhlinzwa: Uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zihluleka ukulawula lesi simo, kungadingeka i-splenectomy.
- Ukushintshaniswa Kwe-Plasma: Le ndlela yokwelapha isetshenziswa ezimweni ezifana ne-TTP.
Ungazinakekela kanjani?
Uma uphila nalesi simo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimala.
- Gwema imisebenzi eyingozi: Gwema imidlalo yokuthintana efana nesibhakela, ikarati, kanye neragbi.
- Qaphela imithi: Buza udokotela wakho njalo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imithi yokwelapha izinhlungu eyandisa ingozi yokopha, njenge-aspirin ne-ibuprofen.
- Nciphisa utshwala: Utshwala bunganciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-platelet emnkantsheni wethambo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Thrombocytopenia ukwehla kwenani lama-platelet egazini. Lokhu kungandisa ingozi yokopha.
- Esikhathini esiningi, azikho izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, qaphela izinto ezifana nokulunywa okungachazeki, ukuphuma kwegazi ezinsinini/ekhaleni, kanye namabala abomvu esikhumbeni.
- Kunezizathu eziningi zalesi simo. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi uma ubona ama-platelet aphansi embikweni wakho wegazi, kodwa bona udokotela ukuze athole imbangela.
- Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela kanye nobunzima besimo. Ngezinye izikhathi akukho ukwelashwa okudingekayo.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Uma uzwa izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu noma ukushintsha kombono, hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha.
I-Thrombocytopenia, Ama-Platelet, Inani eliphansi lama-platelet, Ukopha, Ukulimala, i-Purpura, i-Petechiae
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