Cishe uke wezwa 'ngomkhuhlane wobuchopho' noma i-meningitis. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi isikhunta singadala lesi simo esiyingozi? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esibi, kodwa esingaziwa kakhulu. Sibizwa ngokuthi i-Cryptococcal Meningitis. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu, ikakhulukazi uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Cryptococcal Meningitis?
Kulungile, ake siqale ekuqaleni. I-Cryptococcus uhlobo lwemvubelo, oluwuhlobo lwesikhunta. Le khunta ngokuvamile ayibangeli umonakalo omkhulu kumuntu ophilile futhi onesimiso esihle sokuzivikela komzimba. Kodwa-ke, uma isimiso sokuzivikela somzimba somuntu sibuthakathaka, le khunta inethuba elihle.
Le fungus ithanda uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kutheleleka kuthinta ngqo ulwelwesi oluvikelayo oluzungeze ubuchopho bethu. Ngokwezokwelapha sibiza lawa ma-membrane ngokuthi 'ama-meninge'. Ngakho-ke, lapho lawa ma-membrane etheleleka futhi evuvukala, siwabiza ngokuthi i-meningitis noma 'umkhuhlane wobuchopho'. Uma lesi simo sibangelwa yi-Cryptococcus fungus, siwabiza ngokuthi i-cryptococcal meningitis .
Lesi sifo sibangelwa ukwanda okungazelelwe kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Lokhu kucindezela okuphezulu kungalimaza izingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi amehlo nezindlebe nakho kungalimaza. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zesikhunta ezibangela lesi sifo. Ziyi-'Cryptococcus neoformans' kanye ne-'Cryptococcus gattii'. Kulezi, uhlobo lokuqala yilona oluvame kakhulu.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, le fungus iyindlela yokuzisiza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ilinda kuze kube yilapho izivikelo zomzimba, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, sibuthakathaka bese sihlasela.
Okubalulekile, cishe ama-85% eziguli ze-cryptococcal meningitis anegciwane lesandulela ngculazi , ngakho-ke lokhu kuyinto abantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi okufanele bakhathazeke ngayo kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwe-HIV, kunezinye izimo eziningana ezenza buthaka amasosha omzimba . Uma unesinye salezi zimo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
- Abantu abanezifo ezihlobene negazi (Izifo zegazi)
- Abantu abanezinkinga zokwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba, njengokwehluleka kwesibindi
- Izinso, isibindi, njll.Abantu abaye bafakelwa izitho zomzimba futhi abasebenzisa imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba
- Abantu abanezinye izifo zokuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba
- Abantu abasebenzisa imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba njenge-steroids isikhathi eside
Lo mkhunta ungena kanjani emizimbeni yethu?
Le fungus ye-Cryptococcus isakazeka endaweni ezungezile njengezinhlamvu. Zivame kakhulu enhlabathini, emasimini ezinyoni (ikakhulukazi amasimini ejuba), kanye nasezingodweni ezibolayo.
Ngakho-ke, uma siphefumula, lawa ma-spores angangena emaphashini ethu . Kodwa ungakhathazeki, awasabalali kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye njengomkhuhlane ovamile.
Uma la ma-spores engena emzimbeni womuntu onesimiso esihle sokuzivikela, amangqamuzana avikelayo emaphashini (ama-alveolar macrophages) ayawabhubhisa. Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka okuhlukile emzimbeni womuntu onesimiso sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka.
Kalula nje, nakhu okwenzekayo:
1. Izinhlamvu zesikhunta zingena emaphashini ngokuphefumula.
2. Ngenxa yobuthakathaka bokuzivikela, amangqamuzana avikelayo emaphashini awakwazi ukuwabhubhisa.
3. Ukusuka lapho, isikhunta siya ema-lymph node, lapho sihlukana khona ngokushesha futhi sikhiqize amangqamuzana amaningi esikhunta.
4. Ngemuva kwalokho, la maseli esikhunta ahamba ngegazi afike ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni.
5. Lapho, la maseli aqala ukukhula ezingxeni ezizungeze ubuchopho. Kancane kancane, kuvela izimpawu.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Izimpawu ze-cryptococcal meningitis zivame ukukhula kancane. Ungase ungaboni umehluko omkhulu ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu | Ikhanda elibuhlungu elivame ukwenzeka, elinzima elingaphenduli emithini yobuhlungu evamile. |
| Imfiva | Umkhuhlane omncane ohambisana nomuzwa wobuthakathaka. |
| Ukulala ngokweqile kanye nokudabuka | Ukuzizwa ulele ngaso sonke isikhathi, ungafuni ukwenza lutho. |
| Intamo eqinile | Ubunzima bokugoba intamo phambili, uzizwa uqinile. |
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | Ukucanuzela nokuhlanza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwesisu. |
| Izinkinga zamehlo | Ubunzima bokubheka ukukhanya (i-Photophobia), ukubona okuphindwe kabili (i-Diplopia), kanye nokuncipha kokubona. |
| Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa | Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ezindlebeni. |
| Ukuquleka | Ukuquleka kwenzeka lapho isifo siba sibi kakhulu. |
Khumbula, umuntu onesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka kakhulu, njengomuntu one-HIV , angase angazibonisi lezi zimpawu ekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo kungase kubambezeleke. Lokhu kubambezeleka kunikeza isikhunta ithuba lokukhula kahle ngaphakathi kobuchopho futhi kube kubi kakhulu.
Indlela yokuxilonga lesi sifo ngokunembile?
Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu futhi ungomunye wamaqembu asengozini okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, bona udokotela ngokushesha . Kubaluleke kakhulu.
Udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga futhi asole ukuthi une-meningitis. Uma usengozini, bazocabangela nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi une-cryptococcal meningitis.
Ukuze aqinisekise ukuxilongwa, udokotela wakho angase akhiphe i-lumbar puncture.Kubizwa ngokuthi ukumpompa komgogodla. Ungakhathazeki, lokhu akwesabisi njengoba abantu abaningi becabanga. Kuhilela ukufaka inalithi encane kakhulu emhlane wakho ongezansi bese uthatha isampula encane yoketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla (i-Cerebrospinal Fluid - CSF). Lolu ketshezi yilona olunika amandla futhi luthambise uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa oluphakathi.
Lesi sampula se-CSF sihlolwa elabhorethri ukuze kubonakale ukuthi isikhunta se-Cryptococcus sikhona yini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthi ubuchopho buhlolwe nge-CT noma nge-MRI .
Ingabe lesi sifo siyingozi ngempela?
Yebo, lesi yisifo esibi kakhulu, esisongela ngisho nokuphila. Uma singelashwa, singadala umonakalo omkhulu ebuchosheni. Omunye umonakalo ungase ungalungiseki.
Uma kungelashwa, ukuquleka, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukuba sekhomeni, ngisho nokufa kungenzeka.
Ngisho noma kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu emhlabeni, izinga lokufa ngenxa yalesi sifo liphakathi kuka-15% no-30% . Lokho kufanele kukunike umbono wobucayi balesi sifo.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Lokhu kwelashwa ngemithi yokukhunta. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwelashwa akuqedi ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Kungathatha izinyanga ukuphulukiswa ngokuphelele.
Kunemigomo emibili eyinhloko yokwelashwa:
1. Ukuphatha isimo sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo: Isibonelo, uma unegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, kubalulekile ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele (ukwelashwa nge-antiretroviral) nokubuyisela amasosha omzimba.
2. Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa yisikhunta: Kusetshenziswa imithi efana ne-Amphotericin B, i-Fluconazole, i-Flucytosine, ne-Itraconazole kulokhu.
Kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela phakathi nezigaba zokuqala zokwelashwa. Impumelelo yokwelashwa incike ekutheni lesi sifo sitholakale ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi siyini isimo sakho esiyisisekelo.
Ngakho-ke, uma usengozini yokuthola lesi sifo, qaphela njalo izimpawu zokuqala. Uma unokungabaza okuncane, ungalokothi unqikaze ukukhuluma nodokotela . Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okusheshayo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusindisa impilo yakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Cryptococcal meningitis iwukutheleleka okukhulu kwesikhunta okuthinta ubuchopho.
- Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubantu abane-HIV, abantu abathola izitho zomzimba, kanye nalabo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka ngenxa yezinye izizathu.
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko ikhanda elibuhlungu njalo, umkhuhlane ophansi, intamo eqinile, kanye nokulala ngokweqile. Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka bangase babonise izimpawu ezimbalwa zalezi ekuqaleni.
- Lesi sifo asidluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokuphefumula ama-spores esikhunta endaweni ezungezile.
- Uma useqenjini elisengozini futhi unezimpawu ezingenhla, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha . Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa ngokushesha kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukwelashwa kungathatha izinyanga, futhi lesi yisimo esibucayi esingasongela impilo.
💬 Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.
Add Your Comment