Ingabe nawe unenkinga yokuphefumula? Ake sifunde nge-emphysema, ethinta amaphaphu!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa uphelelwa umoya? Ingabe uyaphefumula uma ukhuphuka izitebhisi noma uhamba ibanga elifushane? Noma ingabe uhlushwa ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo? Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zesifo samaphaphu esibizwa ngokuthi i-emphysema, esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu.

Kuyini i-Emphysema? Masiyiqonde kalula

Kalula nje, i-emphysema yisifo esenzeka lapho amasaka amancane omoya ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu akho, abizwa ngokuthi ama-alveoli, onakele. Lawa ma-alveoli yilokho esikuphefumulayo, okwengeza umoya-mpilo ovela emoyeni uye egazini futhi kukhishwe i-carbon dioxide egazini. Cabanga ngamaphaphu akho njenge-bubble wrap. Lawa mabhamuza amancane yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ama-alveoli. Kukhona ama-alveoli angaba yizigidi ezingu-300 emaphashini aphilile avamile. Ku-emphysema, izindonga zala ma-alveoli ziyalimala futhi ziqhume. Esikhundleni salawo mabhamuza amancane, kwakheka amasaka amakhulu omoya. Kufana nokuqhuma inqwaba yamabhamuza amancane ku-bubble wrap ukuze kwenziwe i-bubble eyodwa enkulu. Lokhu kunciphisa indawo engaphezulu yamaphaphu ukuze umoya-mpilo ushintshaniswe. Futhi, umoya ungabanjwa ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuphefumula, kubangele ukuphefumula. Abanye abantu bangase babe nesifuba esivuvukile, sibanike ukubukeka okufana nesifuba.

Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-emphysema?

I-emphysema ivame ukwenzeka kubantu asebebheme iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ukubhema akuyona yodwa imbangela. Kunezinye izimbangela:

• Ukungcola komoya ekhaya noma emsebenzini: Ukuhogela izinto ezinjengothuli kanye nentuthu yamakhemikhali isikhathi eside.
• Izici zofuzo : Abanye abantu bangaba naso ngenxa yezimo ezifana nokuntuleka kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin, okuyisimo sofuzo. Lokhu kuyinto engavamile.
• Izifo zokuphefumula : Izifo zamaphaphu ezivame ukwenzeka nazo zingathinta.

Kuthiwa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu e-United States kuphela bahlushwa yi-emphysema. Ngakho-ke lokhu akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Emphysema ne-COPD?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa igama elithi COPD. I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu) imele isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona. Akusona isifo esisodwa, kodwa igama elijwayelekile leqembu lezifo ezilimaza amaphaphu kancane kancane. I-Emphysema ingenye yezifo ezikuleli qembu le-COPD. I-bronchitis engapheli ingenye uhlobo lwe-COPD. Ezinye iziguli ze-COPD zingase zibe ne-asthma.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Emphysema ne-Chronic Bronchitis?

Lezi zombili izinhlobo ze-COPD. Abantu abaningi bangaba nazo zombili ngesikhathi esisodwa.

• I-Emphysema: Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu i-alveoli yamaphaphu. Uphawu oluyinhloko ubunzima bokuphefumula .
• I-Bronchitis Engapheli: Lokhu kubangelwa ukubhujiswa kwezakhiwo ezincane, ezifana nezinwele emigwaqweni yomoya (ebizwa ngokuthi i-cilia). Lawa ma-cilia anesibopho sokususa amagciwane kanye nemfucumfucu engena emigwaqweni yomoya. Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-bronchitis engapheli ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwama-mucus. Lokhu kusho ukukhwehlela okukhiqizwayo okukhiqiza ama-mucus ajiyile, aphuzi, aluhlaza, noma ampunga. Ku-emphysema, izimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela zingase zivele ngaphezu kokuphelelwa umoya.

Ziyini izigaba ze-emphysema?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-emphysema ngezigaba ze-COPD. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwe-GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) . Lokhu kusiza ukuqonda ubucayi besifo.

• Isigaba 1 (Esincane): Lesi yisigaba esiphansi kakhulu. Amaphaphu akho asebenza okungenani u-80% womsebenzi wamaphaphu womuntu ophilile, kuye ngobudala bakho, ubude, kanye nobulili.
• Isigaba 2 (Esiphakathi): I-emphysema ephakathi. Ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kuphakathi kuka-50% no-79%.
• Isigaba 3 (Isigaba 3 - Esinzima): I-emphysema enzima. Ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kwehla phakathi kuka-30% no-49%.
• Isigaba 4 (Sinzima Kakhulu): I-emphysema enzima kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kwehla ngaphezu kuka-30%.

Kusekelwe kulezi zigaba lapho odokotela benza khona izinqumo mayelana nezindlela zokwelapha kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila.

Ingakanani iminyaka yokuphila yesiguli esine-emphysema?

Lo mbuzo kunzima ukuwuphendula. Kuncike eminyakeni yakho, isigaba salesi sifo, nokuthi ubheme, uyeke, noma awukaze ubheme. Kuthiwa ukubhema kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwakho cishe ngeminyaka engu-3.5. Izici zofuzo nazo zidlala indima. I-Emphysema ivame kakhulu kwabesilisa abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-70. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukungesabi futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unezimpawu.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala ze-emphysema?

Iningi labantu aliqali ukuqaphela izimpawu ze-emphysema kuze kube yilapho izicubu zamaphaphu abo ezingama-50% noma ngaphezulu sezibhujisiwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, izimpawu zokuqala ziyanda kancane kancane ukuphelelwa umoya nokukhathala. Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• Ukukhwehlela isikhathi eside (ukukhwehlela komuntu obhemayo).
• Ukuphefumula.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi uma wenza ukuzivocavoca okulula njengokukhwela izitebhisi.
• Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya njalo.
• Ukuqina kwesifuba.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwama-mucus okwandisiwe.
• Ukushintsha kombala we-mucus (ophuzi noma oluhlaza).
• Ngihlala ngikhathele .
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo .
• Ukungalali.
• Ukukhathazeka .
• Ukucindezeleka.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo.

Uma une-emphysema, usengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo zamaphaphu njenge-pneumonia kanye ne-bronchitis.

Iyini imbangela eyinhloko ye-emphysema?

Ukubhema kuyimbangela eyinhloko ye-emphysema. Intuthu kagwayi ilimaza izicubu zamaphaphu akho futhi icasule izindlela zakho zomoya. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izindlela zakho zomoya zivuvuke, kukhiqize amafinyila, futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuhlanza izindlela zakho zomoya. Konke lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Kunezinye izimbangela ngaphandle kokubhema:

• Intuthu yensangu.
• Ukubhema i-vaping kanye nogwayi kagesi.
• Intuthu kagwayi.
• Ukungcoliswa komoya.
• Uthuli.
• Intuthu yamakhemikhali.

Ingabe i-Emphysema iyisifo esithathelwanayo?

Cha, i-emphysema ayisona isifo esithathelwanayo. Uma une-emphysema, awukwazi ukuyinika omunye umuntu.

I-Emphysema itholakala kanjani?

Udokotela wakho angakwazi ukuthola i-emphysema. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zodwa azikwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile. Udokotela uzokuxilonga. Uzolalela amaphaphu akho nge-stethoscope. Uma uzwa umsindo ongenalutho uma uthinta isifuba sakho, kusho ukuthi kunomoya ovaleleke emaphashini akho. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazo-oda ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa i-emphysema.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-emphysema?

Udokotela angase acele lezi zivivinyo:

• I-X-ray yesifuba: Ukuhlola isimo samaphaphu. Kodwa-ke, ama-X-ray kunzima ukuwabona ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo. Awusizo kuphela ezimweni eziphakathi kuya kwezinzima.
• I-CT scan: Lokhu kungathatha isithombe samaphaphu esinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D). Kunikeza imininingwane ecacile kune-X-ray.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu (PFT): Kukala ukuthi amaphaphu akho angaphefumula kahle kangakanani ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Lokhu kuhlolwa, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-spirometry , kulinganisa ukugeleza komoya emaphashini akho kanye nenani lomoya emaphashini akho.
• Igesi Yegazi Emithanjeni (ABG): Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa inani lomoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide kusampula yegazi elithathwe emthanjeni. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenzelwa ukubona ukuthi udinga umoya-mpilo owengeziwe uma i-emphysema yakho iba yimbi kakhulu.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe isimo senhliziyo sibangela ukuphelelwa umoya.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo: Lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona yini imbangela yezakhi zofuzo, njengokuntuleka kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin .

Ingabe umonakalo emaphashini obangelwa yi-emphysema ungaphulukiswa?

Ngeshwa, umonakalo emaphashini obangelwa yi-emphysema awunakuguqulwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kunganciphisa izimpawu, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila, futhi kuvimbele umonakalo owengeziwe.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Emphysema?

I-Emphysema yisifo esingaba sibi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo nokwandisa ukusebenza kwezicubu zamaphaphu eziphilile ezisele. Izinketho zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi lesi sifo sibucayi kangakanani. Izinketho zokwelapha zingafaka:

• Ukuyeka ukubhema: Uma ubhema, isinyathelo esingcono kakhulu nesibaluleke kakhulu sokulawula i-emphysema ukuyeka. Wena nodokotela wakho ningasebenzisana ukuthola indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza lokhu.
• Ama-Bronchodilator: Le mithi iphumuza imisipha ezungeze imigudu yomoya, ivumela umoya omningi ukuthi ungene futhi uphume emaphashini. Le mithi ivame ukunikezwa njengemithi ephefumulwayo.
• Ama-corticosteroids aphefumulayo: Lawa anciphisa ukuvuvukala nokukhiqizwa kwamafinyila emigwaqweni yomoya. Kungadingeka uwathathe nsuku zonke ukuze uvimbele izimpawu.
• Ama-corticosteroids omlomo: Lawa anikezwa isikhathi esifushane ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwesikhumba.
• Ama-antibiotic: Lawa anikezwa ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-pneumonia kanye ne-bronchitis.
• Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala: Yehlisa ukuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya.
• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen: Uma igazi lakho lingatholi umoya-mpilo owanele emaphashini akho (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hypoxemia) , ukwelashwa nge-oxygen kungasiza. I-oxygen ilethwa ngomshini nge-cannula yamakhala noma i-facemask.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kokunciphisa Umthamo Wamaphaphu (i-LVRS): Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuhilela ukususa ingxenye yezicubu zamaphaphu ezigulayo nokuxhuma kabusha izicubu ezisele. Ukususa izicubu ezonakele kunganciphisa ingcindezi emisipheni yokuphefumula futhi kwandise ikhono lamaphaphu lokukhula. Akuwona wonke umuntu ongenza lokhu kuhlinzwa.
• Ukunciphisa umthamo wamaphaphu nge-Bronchoscopic: Kule nqubo, kufakwa i-valve enendlela eyodwa emigudwini yomoya kusetshenziswa i-bronchoscope. Lawa ma-valve avumela umoya ukuba uphume emaphashini, kodwa awavumeli umoya omusha ukuthi ungene. Lokhu kwenza kube lula nokuphefumula. Lokhu akuwona wonke umuntu.
• Ukufakelwa amaphaphu: Uma une-emphysema enzima futhi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi, ungase ukwazi ukufakelwa amaphaphu anempilo ukuze uthathe indawo yamaphaphu alimele.

Yini ongayilindela uma une-emphysema?

Umbono wakho uncike ebunzimeni be-emphysema yakho. Uma une-emphysema encane, umbono wakho muhle. Kodwa-ke, ngisho ne-emphysema encane ingathinta eminye imisebenzi yansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi uma ungaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. Izimpawu zingavela lapho wenza izinto ezifana nokuhamba, ukhuphuka izitebhisi, noma ugqoka. Uma une-emphysema enzima, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuphefumula, futhi ungadinga usizo lwezokwelapha njalo.

I-Emphysema ayinalo ikhambi. Ngisho noma uyeka ukubhema, umonakalo emaphashini akho ngeke ulungiswe. Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo singalawulwa ngokwelashwa. Uma uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha, izinga lempilo yakho lingaba ngcono.

Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi yokuthola i-emphysema?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-emphysema ukugwema ukubhema. Ukuyeka ukubhema akulula. Kungathatha imizamo eminingana ukuyeka ngempumelelo. Uma ucabanga ukuyeka ukubhema, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Angakusiza. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukujoyina iqembu lokusekela. Ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yakho ye-emphysema:

• Gwema intuthu ephuma komunye umuntu, ukungcola komoya, intuthu yamakhemikhali, uthuli, impova, kanye ne-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo.
• Hlola ikhaya lakho ukuthi alinayo yini igesi ye-radon.
• Gqoka imaski uma usebenza ngamakhemikhali noma ezindaweni ezinothuli.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma une-emphysema, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela izinkinga ezengeziwe ukuyeka ukubhema nokuzivikela ezifweni zokuphefumula. Lawa macebiso angasiza ekuvimbeleni izifo zokuphefumula:

• Geza izandla zakho njalo.
• Hlanza amazinyo akho bese uwafaka nge-floss nsuku zonke. Sebenzisa isihlanzi somlomo esibulala amagciwane ngemva kokudla.
• Gcina imishini yakho yokuphefumula ihlanzekile.
• Gcina ikhaya lakho lihlanzekile futhi uthuli njalo.
• Thola imithi yakho yokugoma ngesikhathi, okuhlanganisa umjovo womkhuhlane, umuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcal, kanye nomuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19.
• Thola uhlelo lokuzivocavoca kudokotela wakho bese ululandela.
• Gwema izinto ezicasulayo njengomusi, ukukhishwa kwemoto, amakha anamandla, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza, upende/ama-varnish, uthuli, impova, kanye ne-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unenkinga enkulu yokuphefumula, shayela u-1990 ngokushesha.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu:

• Uma ukuphefumula kunzima kakhulu kunokujwayelekile noma uphelelwa umoya kalula.
• Uma ukhiqiza i-mucus eningi kunokujwayelekile.
• Uma i-mucus iphuzi noma iluhlaza ngendlela engavamile.
• Uma udinga ukusebenzisa i-bronchodilator noma umuthi wakho we-corticosteroid ophefumulayo kaningi.
• Uma umuthi wakho ubonakala ungakusizi ukuthi uzizwe ungcono.
• Uma ukukhwehlela kukhuphuka.
• Uma ungakwazi ukulala ebusuku noma uvuka phakathi nobusuku ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumula.
• Uma uzizwa ungenamandla.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma uya kudokotela, lungela ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Wazi kanjani ukuthi ngine-emphysema?
• Uma ngingenayo i-emphysema, yisiphi esinye isimo sezokwelapha enginaso?
• Yiziphi izinto ezingenza i-emphysema yami ibe yimbi kakhulu?
• Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ukuphefumula kwami ​​​​kuya kuba kubi kakhulu?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ozincomayo?
• Yimiphi imithambo oyincomayo?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngivimbele ukutheleleka kokuphefumula?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngiyeke ukubhema?
• Ingabe kukhona amaqembu okusekelana angangisiza ngiyeke ukubhema?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukuhlolwa kwezinqubo zokunciphisa umthamo wamaphaphu noma ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu?

Ingabe i-COVID-19 ibangela i-emphysema?

Uma ungenaso isifo samaphaphu noma umonakalo, i-COVID-19 ingabangela i-giant emphysema. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile. Kube nemibiko embalwa kakhulu yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-COVID-19 ne-giant emphysema. I-giant emphysema iyisifo esiyingozi. Uma une-emphysema, amaphakethe omoya aba makhulu, amboze cishe ingxenye yesithathu yamaphaphu elilodwa noma womabili. Odokotela babiza lawa maphakethe omoya amakhulu ngokuthi i-bullae (ubuningi: i-bulla).

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Emphysema yisifo esingamahlalakhona esilimaza izikhwama zomoya emaphashini akho, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Umonakalo obangelwa yi-emphysema awunakuguqulwa, futhi ungaba mubi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu futhi kunciphise umthelela we-emphysema.Ngaphezu kokwelashwa, ukulandela iseluleko sokuvimbela izifo zokuphefumula kuzokusiza ukuthi uphefumule kalula. Ukutholwa kwalesi sifo kusenesikhathi kungakusiza ukuthi ugcine impilo yakho isezingeni elihle isikhathi eside. Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi uma ubhema, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Angakwazi ukuthola i-emphysema futhi adale uhlelo lwezempilo olukufanele. Ngemuva kwalokho ungaqhubeka nokwenza izinto ozithandayo. I-Emphysema, isifo samaphaphu, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukubhema, i-COPD, i-bronchitis engapheli, isifo sokuphefumula