Ingabe unama-platelet amaningi kakhulu egazini lakho? Ake sixoxe nge-Essential Thrombocythemia!

Wake wabheka umbiko wegazi waphawula ukuthi inani lama-platelet akho liphezulu kakhulu? Noma uke wabhekana nezinto ezifana nama-blood clots akheka ezindaweni ezahlukene emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kwesizathu, noma ukopha nje? Kungenzeka ukuthi awuzange unake kakhulu lezi zinto. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela isimo esingavamile esingaba ngemuva kwalezi zinto, esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla, esibizwa ngokuthi i-Essential Thrombocythemia.

Kuyini i-Essential Thrombocythemia? Masiyiqonde kalula.

Kalula nje, i-essential thrombocythemia yisimo lapho umongo wethu wamathambo, imboni eyinhloko eyenza igazi, ukhiqiza uhlobo lweseli legazi elibizwa ngokuthi ama-platelet angaphezu kwalokho okudingekayo. Manje ungase ubuze, "Ayini lawa ma-platelet ?" Ama-platelet uhlobo oluncane kakhulu lwamaseli egazini lethu. Afana namasosha amancane. Uma kukhona inxeba endaweni ethile futhi ukuphuma kwegazi kuqala, lawa ma-platelet yiwo okuqala ukushesha lapho, ahlangane, futhi akhe i-blood clot ukuze amise ukuphuma kwegazi. Cabanga, kwenzekani uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngomongo wamathambo, imboni eyenza ama-platelet, futhi lawa ma-platelet akhiqizwa ngokweqile? Yilapho inkinga iqala khona. Lesi simo senzeka ngenxa yezinguquko kwezinye zezakhi zofuzo emzimbeni wethu, okungukuthi, izinguquko . Lokhu akuyona into ezalwa nayo, kodwa into ekhula ngesikhathi sokuphila. Yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi "isimo sofuzo esitholakale." Esikhathini esiningi, lesi simo sitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwe ngesinye isizathu. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazimpawu nhlobo. Futhi, akuwona wonke umuntu ozodinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Nakuba kungelapheki ngokuphelele, ukwelashwa okufanele kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu.

Lokhu kuthinta kanjani umzimba wami?

Manje usuyaqonda ukuthi kwenzekani lapho umongo wethambo wenza ama-platelet amaningi kakhulu. Lawa ma-platelet engeziwe awafani nama-platelet ajwayelekile, amanye makhulu kunokuvamile futhi anesimo esihlukile kancane. Kufana nefektri ekhiqiza iqoqo lezinto eziphansi. Lawa ma-platelet angavamile, engeziwe abangela ukwakheka kwama-blood clots emithanjeni yegazi. Lawa ma-blood clots avimba ukuhamba kwegazi, njengokuminyana kwezimoto emgwaqweni. Lawa ma-blood clots angakheka noma kuphi emzimbeni. Kodwa avame ukubonakala ebuchosheni, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni.

Lesi simo, ikakhulukazi komama abakhulelwe , sandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi .

Okunye okumangazayo ukuthi lesi simo ngezinye izikhathi singabangela ukopha ngokweqile.Ungase ucabange, "Amahlule egazi yilokho okwenzekayo, ngakho-ke igazi ligeleza kanjani?" Isizathu siwukuthi uma kunamahlule egazi amaningi kakhulu, wonke ama-platelet emzimbeni asetshenziswa ngokuphelele. Bese, awekho ama-platelet anele okuvimba ukuphuma kwegazi uma kwenzeka ukulimala. Uyabona? Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abane-essential thrombocythemia basengozini enkulu yezimo ezibucayi njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.

Ingabe lo mdlavuza? Ingabe uhlobene ne-leukemia?

Yebo, i-essential thrombocythemia uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi. Odokotela bayibiza ngokuthi i-myeloproliferative neoplasm. Kalula nje, yisimo lapho uhlobo lweseli legazi (kulokhu, ama-platelet) lukhiqizwa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, akuyona ngempela uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi olubizwa ngokuthi i-leukemia. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, lesi simo singakhula sibe yi-leukemia kwabanye abantu. Yingakho odokotela behlala beyiqaphile.

Ingabe i-thrombocythemia ebalulekile kanye ne-thrombocytosis ziyinto efanayo?

La magama amabili afana kancane, ngakho angadideka. Kodwa kukhona umehluko phakathi kwawo womabili.

• I-Essential Thrombocythemia: Lapha, inani lama-platelet liyakhula ngenxa yenkinga emnkantsheni ngokwawo, hhayi ngenxa yanoma yisiphi esinye isifo.
• I-Thrombocytosis Esabelayo: Lapha, inani lama-platelet liyanda njengokusabela kwesinye isimo sezokwelapha (isb., ukutheleleka, ukuntuleka kwensimbi , ngemva kokuhlinzwa).

Kulezi ezimbili, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-thrombocytosis sivame kakhulu kune-essential thrombocythemia.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo?

I-Essential thrombocythemia yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo e-United States, sithinta abantu abangaba babili kwabayi-100,000. Abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kabili okuba naso kunabesilisa. Lesi simo sivame ukuthinta abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-60 no-80. Kodwa-ke, cishe ama-20% alabo abasitholayo bangaphansi kweminyaka engu-40. Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi izingane zisithole. Uma zisithola, cishe sizuzwe njengefa kubazali bazo.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Ukubona kanjani?

Akubona bonke abantu abanezimpawu ezifanayo. Abanye abantu bangahlala iminyaka bengenazo izimpawu. Izimpawu ziqala ukuvela kuphela lapho inani lama-platelet likhula kancane kancane. Izimpawu eziyinhloko yilezo ezibangelwa ukugoba kwegazi. Lokhu kungavela ezindaweni ezifana nobuchopho, izingalo, nemilenze. Izimpawu ezingavela ngenxa yokugoba kwegazi zifaka:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elingapheli .
• Isiyezi .
• Ukuzwa ukushisa noma ukushaya ezintendeni nasematheni ezinyawo.
• Izandla nezinyawo ezibuthakathaka noma ezibomvu .
• Izinguquko endleleni yokukhuluma .
• I-Migraines .
• Ukuquleka .
• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki esifubeni, ezingalweni, emhlane, entanyeni, emhlathini, noma esiswini.
• Isicanucanu .
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya).
• Ubuhlungu besifuba .
• Ubuthakathaka .
• Ubende obukhulu - isitho esitholakala ohlangothini olungaphezulu kwesobunxele lwesisu.
• Ukopha ekhaleni (i-epistaxis).
• Izinsini eziphuma igazi.
• Igazi elisesihlahleni.
• Igazi emchameni (i-hematuria).
• Ukuphuka kalula.
• Abesifazane babhekana nokuya esikhathini okunzima .

Lokhu kuthinta kanjani ukukhulelwa?

Kuhlala kukhona ingozi yokuthi kuqhekeke igazi emzimbeni wowesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Le ngozi iphakeme nakakhulu kumama okhulelwe one-essential thrombocythemia. Futhi, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha lesi simo azifanele abesifazane abakhulelwe noma labo abahlela ukukhulelwa. Ngakho-ke, uma unesifo salesi simo, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokucabanga ngokuba nomntwana.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi lesi simo singaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo kanye nohlangothi. Uma unalesi simo, kufanele ushayele u-1990 ngokushesha uma ubona izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma uhlangothi.

Kungani lesi simo senzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lokhu kubangelwa izinguquko (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) kumajini. Lezi akuzona izakhi zofuzo ezikhona lapho kuzalwa, kodwa izakhi zofuzo ezishintshayo ngesikhathi sokuphila. Ngokukhethekile, izinguquko kumajini amathathu athinta amaseli okuqala emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo enza amaseli egazi yimbangela eyinhloko. Lezi zakhi zofuzo yilezi:

• I-gene (JAK2): Le gene ikhiqiza iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi ``(JAK2)``. Le phrotheni isiza ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi.
• I-gene (i-CALR): Le gene ikhiqiza iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi "i-calreticulin". Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kudlala indima ekulawuleni ukukhula kwamaseli, ukuhlukana, nokufa.
• I-gene (MPL): Le gene yaziwa nangokuthi "i-oncogene", i-gene ehlotshaniswa nokubanga umdlavuza.

Uma lezi zakhi zofuzo zishintsha, inqubo yokwenza ama-platelet emnkantsheni wethambo ayilawuleki futhi ishesha kakhulu. Kufana nokushaywa yi-accelerator! Yilapho umzimba ukhiqiza ama-platelet amaningi kunalawo ongawaphatha.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma udokotela esola ukuthi unalesi simo, uzoqala ngokukuhlola ngokomzimba . Bazobuza nangezimpawu zakho nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nezinkinga ezifanayo. Bese, bangenza ezinye izivivinyo, njengokuthi:

• Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu kuhlola amazinga azo zonke izinhlobo zamaseli egazini lakho, ikakhulukazi inani lama-platelet.
• Ukuskena Kwegazi Okungajwayelekile: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yegazi nokubheka ama-platelet ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ajwayelekile noma awajwayelekile ngesimo nangosayizi. Ama-platelet angajwayelekile angaba makhulu futhi abe nezimo ezihlukile.
• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha: Ngezinye izikhathi isampula encane yomnkantsha ingathathwa ukuze ihlolwe (iBone Marrow Aspiration noma iBone Marrow Biopsy). Lokhu kungasiza ekuhloleni ngokunembile isimo somnkantsha.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini izinguquko ezakhiweni zofuzo esikhulume ngazo, njenge-(JAK2), (CALR), kanye ne-(MPL).

Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo izosiza udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlole ubungozi bakho futhi athuthukise uhlelo lokwelashwa. Ngokuvamile, izici eziyingozi zalesi simo zifaka:

• Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala.
• Ukuba ngowesifazane.
• Njengoba ngike ngaba namahlule egazi ngaphambilini.
• Ukuba khona kwezinguquko zofuzo ezishiwo ngenhla emzimbeni.

Ingabe wonke umuntu udinga imithi yalokhu? Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Lokhu akufani kuwo wonke umuntu. Kwabanye abantu, uma bengenazo izimpawu, odokotela bangase batuse isu elibizwa ngokuthi "ukulinda ngokuqapha." Lokhu kusho ukuqaphela izimpawu ezizovela. Abantu abanezimpawu noma abasengozini enkulu yokuba namahlule egazi bazodinga ukwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kuhloselwe kakhulu ukuvimbela amahlule egazi kanye/noma ukunciphisa amazinga e-platelet. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi esetshenziselwa lokhu:

• I-aspirin: Lokhu kuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bayaqaphela ngokunikeza i-aspirin kubantu abanezibalo eziphezulu kakhulu zama-platelet, njengoba ingandisa ukopha kubantu abanesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-acquired Von Willebrand syndrome.
• I-Hydroxyurea: Lona umuthi we-chemotherapy. Wehlisa amazinga e-platelet. Unganikezwa kanye ne-aspirin kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuqhekeka kwegazi.
• I-Anagrelide: Njenge-hydroxyurea, lokhu kusiza futhi ukunciphisa amazinga e-platelet kanye nengozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
• I-Interferon alfa:Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha nge-immunotherapy. Kuvimba ama-platelet angajwayelekile ukuthi ahlukane futhi akhule.
• I-Busulfan: Lona futhi umuthi wokulwa nomdlavuza. Unikezwa abantu abangasabeli ku-hydroxyurea noma abangakwazi ukuwusebenzisa.
• I-Ruxolitinib: Lo muthi usetshenziselwa abantu abangazange baphendule kweminye imithi futhi abanezimpawu ezifana nokulunywa, ukuzizwa begcwele ngisho nangemva kokudla okuncane, kanye nokukhathala okukhulu.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma amazinga e-platelet akho enyuka kakhulu ngokuzumayo, kusetshenziswa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-plateletpheresis . Kulokhu, igazi lakho lixhunywe emshinini okhethekile, osusa amanye ama-platelet asele.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki?

Empeleni, cha. Lokhu kubangelwa izinguquko ezakhiweni zofuzo, futhi akukho esingakwenza ukuvimbela lezo zinguquko ukuthi zenzeke. Abacwaningi abakatholi ukuthi kungani lezi zakhi zofuzo zishintsha.

Kungenzeka yini ukuphila impilo evamile unalesi simo? Ingakanani iminyaka yokuphila?

Nakanjani ungakwenza! Ngisho noma unezimpawu, odokotela bangakusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nohlangothi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukungesabi futhi ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela. Uma kukhulunywa ngobude besikhathi sokuphila, kuthiwa abantu abanalesi simo bangase babe nobude besikhathi sokuphila obufushane kancane kunalabo abangenabo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Izici eziningi, njengesimo sakho kanye nemikhuba yakho yempilo, kuyathinta lokhu. Ngakho-ke, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola ngalokhu ukubuza udokotela wakho.

Ngizinakekela kanjani? (Ukuzinakekela)

Abantu abane-essential thrombocythemia basengozini enkulu yokuqhekeka kwegazi kanye/noma ukopha okungavamile. Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze unciphise le ngozi:

• Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Abantu ababhemayo basengozini enkulu yokuthola amahlule egazi. Uma ubhema, funa usizo lokuyeka.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile basengozini enkulu yokuthola amahlule egazi. Funa iseluleko kuchwepheshe wezokudla bese ulandela indlela yokudla enempilo.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo: Ukuzivocavoca kunciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi.
• Lawula ezinye izifo ezandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi: Uma unezimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, zilawule kahle.
• Qaphela impilo yakho iyonke: Ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singaba khona ngaphandle kwezimpawu, ngakho buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela? Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Uma unalesi simo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya kohlolwa njalo. Lokhu kuzovumela udokotela wakho ukuthi aqaphe isimo sakho, ahlole amazinga e-platelet yakho, futhi enze noma yiziphi izinguquko zokwelapha ezidingekayo. Esimweni esiphuthumayo, lokho kusho ukuthiUma uzwa izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi, kufanele ushayele u-911 ngokushesha bese uya esibhedlela. Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo zingase zihlanganise:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina (i-angina).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukuzizwa unesicanucanu noma unesisu esibuhlungu.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo (ukushaya kwenhliziyo).
• Umuzwa wokungakhululeki noma sengathi kukhona okubi okuzokwenzeka.
• Ukujuluka.
• Isiyezi (vertigo), ukubona okufiphele, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Abesifazane bangase babe nezimpawu ezahlukene:

• Ukukhathala ngokweqile kanye nokungalali.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya).
• Ubuhlungu emhlane, emahlombe, entanyeni, ezingalweni, noma esiswini.
• Ukuhlanza.

Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zingafaka:

• Ukungazweli noma ubuthakathaka obungazelelwe ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba (ubuso, ingalo).
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma ngokuzumayo.
• Ubunzima bokubona ngokuzumayo ngeso elilodwa noma womabili.
• Isiyezi esikhulu, ubunzima bokuhamba, ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elivela ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-essential thrombocythemia iyisifo esingavamile, ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi ngaso. Uma ubona udokotela wakho, ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Kungani lokhu kwenzeke kimi?
• Anginazo izimpawu njengamanje. Izimpawu zizovela nini?
• Kusho ukuthini ukuthi “ukulinda ngokuqaphela”?
• Yimuphi umuthi ongincoma wona?
• Ingabe kuzodingeka ngithathe imithi impilo yami yonke?

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, ake ngikutshele lokhu ukuze kukusize ukhumbule amanye amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu kulokho esikhulume ngakho.

I-Essential Thrombocythemia iyisifo segazi esingavamile, esibangelwa ufuzo lapho umongo wamathambo ukhiqiza khona amangqamuzana egazi amaningi kakhulu abizwa ngokuthi ama-platelet. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kanye nohlangothi.

Nakuba kungelapheki ngokuphelele, ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokusekelwa kwakho, ungasilawula kahle lesi simo, unciphise izinkinga, futhi uphile impilo evamile. Ngakho-ke, uma unokungabaza ngalokhu, noma uma unezimpawu ezingavamile, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Awuwedwa, futhi kukhona odokotela abazokusiza kulolu hambo. I-Essential Thrombocythemia, Ama-Platelets, Ama-Blood Clots, Umnkantsha Wamathambo, Izifo Zegazi, Ukuguqulwa Kwezakhi Zofuzo, Umdlavuza