Kuyini i-Hepatitis B? Kalula nje...
I-Hepatitis B iyigciwane elibangelwa yigciwane . Ibangela kakhulu ukuvuvukala kwesibindi sakho. Cabanga ngakho, isibindi singesinye sezitho ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Sifana nefektri, sisebenza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke igciwane le-hepatitis B lilimaza isitho esibaluleke kangaka. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuza njengesikhashana esifushane (i-hepatitis B ebukhali) , futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungaba ngcono ngaphandle kwezimpawu nangaphandle kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu kuba yisifo esingamahlalakhona (i-hepatitis B engapheli) noma isimo sesikhathi eside emzimbeni. Lesi simo esingamahlalakhona singaba yingozi. Ngoba, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwesibindi, okubizwa ngokuthi i-cirrhosis , futhi ekugcineni kube ukwehluleka kwesibindi . Njengamanje, akukho ukwelashwa okuphelele kwe-hepatitis B, okungukuthi, ukwelashwa okususa ngokuphelele igciwane emzimbeni. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunemithi engavimba leli gciwane. Igciwane elingasebenzi lisho ukuthi noma unegciwane emzimbeni wakho, amathuba okuthelela abanye aphansi kakhulu. Lingalawula nomonakalo esibindini.Ivame kangakanani i-Hepatitis B?
Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization (WHO), i-hepatitis B iwukutheleleka kwesibindi okuvame kakhulu emhlabeni . Cabanga nje, kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-254 emhlabeni wonke bahlushwa yilesi simo se-hepatitis B esingamahlalakhona. Ngisho nasemazweni afana ne-United States, izinkulungwane zabantu zihlushwa yilesi sifo. Nakuba kungekho zibalo eziqondile ngesimo ezweni lethu, lesi yisifo esivame kakhulu phakathi kwethu.Ziyini izimpawu ze-Hepatitis B?
Ngezinye izikhathi ungaba ne-Hepatitis B kodwa ungabi nazimpawu . Yileyo inkinga ngalokhu. Uma kuvela izimpawu, zingaba:- Isisu esibuhlungu
- Ukukhathala
- Imfiva
- Ubuhlungu bamalunga
- Isifiso sokudla
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Umzimba ongenampilo
- Umchamo uba mnyama ophuzi noma onsundu
- Izitulo ziba nombala okhanyayo, zibe nombala wobumba
- Ukuvuvukala kwesisu, izandla, nezinyawo (ngenxa yokugcina uketshezi)
- Ukuphuzi kwamhlophe kwamehlo nesikhumba - yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-jaundice .
Khumbula, ukuba nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi une-Hepatitis B. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.
Kungani sithola i-Hepatitis B? Idluliselwa kanjani?
I-Hepatitis B isakazeka ngokuchayeka oketshezini lomzimba oluvela kumuntu onegciwane le-hepatitis B. Lokhu ketshezi lomzimba yilokhu:- Igazi
- Isidoda
- Uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane
- Amathe (nakuba ukudluliselwa ngamathe kungavamile, kungenzeka ngomlomo ophukile )
- Ukusuka kumama kuya enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma sokubeletha (isb., uketshezi lwe-amniotic, igazi likamama)
- Uketshezi lokuya esikhathini
- Ukusebenzisa kabusha izinaliti noma amasirinji asetshenziswe umuntu onegciwane. Lokhu kuyingozi evamile phakathi kwabasebenzisi bezidakamizwa.
- Ukulala nomuntu onegciwane ngendlela engavikelekile. Okusho ukuthi, ukuya ocansini ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ikhondomu.
- Ukulimala okuvela entweni ebukhali engcoliswe yigazi elinegciwane. Isibonelo, kusuka entweni yezokwelapha (njenge-scalpel) esibhedlela, noma kusuka entweni enegciwane esetshenziswa endaweni yokudweba ama-tattoo noma e-salon yobuhle.
- Kusukela kumama onegciwane kuya enganeni yakhe ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Lena yindlela eyinhloko i-hepatitis B edluliselwa ngayo emhlabeni wonke. Yingakho omama abakhulelwe behlolwa i-hepatitis B.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Hepatitis B?
Noma ubani angathola i-Hepatitis B, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu:- Abantu abanezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STI), njenge-HIV.
- Abantu abasebenzisa imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba. Le mithi inikezwa ukulawula amasosha omzimba ezifweni ezithile, isibonelo, ngemva kokufakelwa isitho.
- Abantu abathola ukwelashwa kokuhlanzwa kwegazi (i-dialysis) ngenxa yesifo sezinso.
- Abantu abanezinye izifo zesibindi.
- Abasebenzi bezempilo. Ngenxa yokuthi bavame ukuxhumana neziguli, kunengozi yokuhlatshwa yinto efana neva.
- Abantu abahlala endlini eyodwa nomuntu onegciwane. (Kubalulekile ukugwema ukwabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu)
Umuntu one-Hepatitis B angathelelana isikhathi esingakanani?
Ungasabalalisa igciwane komunye umuntu uma nje igciwane lisebenza emzimbeni wakho. Isibonelo, icala lesikhashana le-hepatitis B elinamandla lingahlala cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ungasabalalisa igciwane phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Uma une -hepatitis B engapheli esebenzayo , ungasabalalisa lesi sifo impilo yakho yonke. Kodwa-ke, uma une -hepatitis B engapheli engasebenzi , okusho ukuthi igciwane lilawulwa ngemithi, ingozi yokulisabalalisa iphansi kakhulu. Udokotela wakho angenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola ukuthi unegciwane elisebenzayo noma elingasebenzi emzimbeni wakho.Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis B?
Kokubili i-hepatitis B ebukhali nengamahlalakhona kungabangela izinkinga. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:- Ukwehluleka kwesibindi okukhulu: Lokhu kuwukuma okuzumayo nokusheshayo kokusebenza kwesibindi. Le ngozi iphezulu kubantu abane-hepatitis B yesikhashana.
- Ukwehluleka kwesibindi okungapheli: I-hepatitis B engapheli ingabangela ukuthi isibindi sihluleke kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- I-Cirrhosis: Lesi yisimo lapho isibindi siba lukhuni ngenxa yokwakheka kwezicubu zesibazi. Lokhu kuba nezibazi kwenzeka lapho isibindi sonakele futhi sizama ukuzilungisa. Njengoba umonakalo ukhula, izicubu zesibazi nazo ziyanda.
- I-Hepatitis D: Lolu olunye uhlobo lwe-hepatitis. Ungayithola kuphela uma une-hepatitis B.
- Umdlavuza wesibindi: I-hepatitis B engamahlalakhona iyimbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wesibindi.
- I-hepatitis B ephinde yasebenza: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-hepatitis B elawulwa ngaphambilini ibuya ngokuzumayo uma uthatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba, noma ngemva kokuyeka leyo mithi.
Uthola kanjani ukuthi une-Hepatitis B?
Uma ubona udokotela, bazobuza ngezimpawu zakho, benze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, futhi babuze ukuthi kukhona yini emndenini wakho onesifo sesibindi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangase bakubuze izinto ezifana nalezi:- Ingabe umsebenzi wakho ubeka engcupheni yokuchayeka egciwaneni? (isib. abasebenzi bezempilo)
- Ingabe usebenzisa imithi yokwelapha ngemithambo yegazi (IV)?
- Ingabe uya ocansini olungavikelekile nabantu ocabanga ukuthi bangaba ne-hepatitis B?
Hlobo luni lokuhlolwa okwenziwayo?
Udokotela wenza lezi zivivinyo ikakhulukazi:- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungakutshela ukuthi une-Hepatitis B yesikhashana noma engamahlalakhona, kanye nolwazi oluningi mayelana nenani legciwane kanye nesimo sesibindi sakho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Isibonelo, ukuskena okufana ne -elastography kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuqina kwesibindi, noma i-cirrhosis.
- Ukuhlolwa kwesibindi: Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuskena kunganele, udokotela wakho angase akucele lokhu kuhlolwa ukuze afunde kabanzi ngesibindi sakho. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yesibindi ngenaliti encane bese uyihlola elabhorethri.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-Hepatitis B?
Izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sakho.1. Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela
Lokhu kunikezwa zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kusukela ubhekene negciwane, isibonelo, uma uthola inaliti noma ulala nomuntu onegciwane ngendlela engavikelekile.- Ukugonyelwa i-Hepatitis B: Kunikezwa imithamo eminingana yokugomela.
- I-Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG): Lokhu kuqukethe ama-antibodies alwa negciwane. Kuhlinzeka ngesivikelo esisheshayo.
2. Ukwelashwa kwesikhashana kwe-hepatitis B (i-hepatitis B ebukhali)
Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwesifo se-hepatitis B sesikhashana. Udokotela wakho angakunika uketshezi oluphuma ku-IV uma uhlanza kakhulu noma unesifo sohudo. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni , okuyilapho umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa amanzi amaningi. Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni yilapho umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa uketshezi oluningi futhi ungakwazi ukusebenza kahle. Ukuphumula nokudla okunempilo ngokuvamile kuyizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzenze.3. Ukwelashwa kwe-hepatitis B okungamahlalakhona
Ukwelashwa kwe-hepatitis B engapheli kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezimpawu zakho kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.- Ukuqapha: Leli gama lingase lizwakale lesabisa, kodwa lisho ukuthi udokotela wakho uhlala eqapha impilo yakho. Uzoba nama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha. Bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuskena ukuhlola umthamo wegciwane lakho kanye nokusebenza kwesibindi.
- Imithi: Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokulwa namagciwane noma imithi yokulawula amasosha omzimba . Le mithi ilawula igciwane, inciphise ukulimala kwesibindi, futhi inciphise ingozi yokudlulisela lesi sifo kwabanye. Le mithi kungadingeka ukuthi uyiphuze impilo yakho yonke.
- Ukuhlinzwa:Uma i-hepatitis B ibangela umdlavuza wesibindi, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe leyo ngxenye yesibindi. Uma isibindi sonke sidinga ukususwa, kungadingeka ukufakelwa isibindi .
Ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yokuthola i-Hepatitis B?
Ukugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lokhu kutheleleka. Ukuthola yonke imithamo emithathu yokugoma kwe-hepatitis B (eminye imijovo idinga imithamo emibili kuphela) kuzokunikeza isivikelo esigcwele. Le mijovo kufanele inikezwe zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha. Okwamanje, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:- Yenza ucansi oluphephile: Uma ungazi ukuthi umlingani wakho unalo yini leli gciwane, sebenzisa njalo ikhondomu ye-latex noma ye-polyurethane.
- Ungabelani ngezinto zakho siqu: I-Hepatitis B ingadluliselwa ngegazi elithelelekile ezintweni ezifana namabhulashi amazinyo kanye nezinsingo.
- Zijwayeze ukusebenzisa izinaliti ngendlela ephephile: Uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa ngemithambo yegazi, ungalokothi wabelane ngezinaliti noma ngesirinji nabanye. Uma uthola ama-tattoo noma ukubhoboza izindlebe, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa imishini ehlanzekile, ehlanziwe.
Uma ngine-Hepatitis B, ngingakuvimbela kanjani ukuthelela abanye?
Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuthola ukuthi unaleli gciwane yini. I-CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) e-United States itusa ukuthi wonke umuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18 ahlolwe i-hepatitis B okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe.- Uma une-hepatitis B ebukhali, kungcono ukuhlala ekhaya futhi ugweme ukuya emsebenzini noma ukuzijabulisa nabanye ngenkathi unezimpawu.
- Uma unesifo esingamahlalakhona, thatha imithi udokotela wakho ayinikezayo ngqo. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ingozi yokusabalalisa igciwane kwabanye.
- Tshela umndeni wakho nalabo olala nabo ukuze bathole umuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis B.
- Ungavumeli muntu ukuthinta igazi lakho noma uketshezi lomzimba. Uma uthola inxeba, limboze kahle.
Ngizinakekela kanjani ngesikhathi ngiphila ne-Hepatitis B engamahlalakhona?
Izimpawu zesifo sofuba esingapheli B zingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Enye indlela ongazinakekela ngayo ukuhlala useduze nethimba lakho lezokwelapha. Nazi ezinye iziphakamiso:- Gwema utshwala: Uma uphuza ama-ounces angaphezu kuka-1.5 - 2 otshwala ngosuku (okungukuthi cishe ithonsi elilodwa lotshwala noma ithini likabhiya), ubuthi bunganqwabelana esibindini sakho. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu kumuntu one-hepatitis B.
- Yidla kahle: Gcwalisa ipuleti lakho ngamaprotheni angenamafutha, izithelo nemifino. Ukudla kwaseMeditheraLolu uhlelo oluhle lokudla olusiza ekusekeleni impilo yesibindi. Kalula nje, ukudla imifino emisha, izithelo, amakhambi, uwoyela womnqumo, inhlanzi, namantongomane.
- Funa ukwesekwa: Ukuchitha isikhathi nabantu abaziyo ukuthi ubhekene nani kungasiza. Kungase kube namaqembu okusekela abantu abasesimweni esifanayo.
- Qaphela ngaphambi kokuthatha imithi emisha: Lokhu kufaka phakathi imithi yamakhambi. Amanye amakhambi angalimaza isibindi sakho noma asebenzisane neminye imithi oyithathayo. Ngakho buza udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yini entsha.
- Zivikele kwezinye izifo zesibindi: Uma ungakagonyelwa i-Hepatitis A , yithole. Hlola i-Hepatitis C bese welashwa uma unayo. I-Hepatitis C iyisifo esingelapheki.
Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule
Njengamagciwane amaningi e-hepatitis, i-hepatitis B ingangena emzimbeni wakho ngesinyenyela. Ungase ungazi nokuthi unaso. Kungaba yisimo sesikhashana. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, i-hepatitis B yisifo esingamahlalakhona esingenalo ikhambi. Uma uhlolwe futhi kwatholakala ukuthi une-hepatitis B, ungase uzibuze ukuthi lesi sifo sizoyishintsha kanjani impilo yakho. Ungase futhi ukhathazeke ngokuthi uzodlulisela leli gciwane kwabanye.Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunemithi engakuvimba ekusakazeni igciwane le-hepatitis B elingamahlalakhona kwabanye. Futhi kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze uvikele impilo yakho iyonke futhi uvikele nabanye.Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi wenze uhlelo lokuphila ne-hepatitis B. Kukhona namaqembu okusekelana ahlinzeka ngendawo ephephile yokwabelana ngendaba yakho nokushintshana ngolwazi. Awuwedwa. Ungakhathazeki, ngemfundo, ukwelashwa okufanele, kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila, nawe ungaphila impilo enempilo nejwayelekile.
I- Hepatitis B, isibindi, ukutheleleka ngegciwane, i-cirrhosis, umdlavuza wesibindi, umuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis B, i-hepatitis B engapheli
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