Ingabe unomngane noma ilungu lomndeni elijabule kakhulu futhi lijabule ngezinye izikhathi, bese ngokuzumayo lidabuke futhi licindezeleke ngaphandle kwesizathu? Ngolunye usuku bazizwa sengathi banganqoba umhlaba, bese ngosuku olulandelayo bazizwa bekhathele kakhulu ukuphila kangangokuthi abakwazi ngisho nokuvuka embhedeni? Lolu hlobo lokushintshashintsha ngokomzwelo lungaba yisifo sengqondo esisibiza ngokuthi yi-bipolar disorder kwezokwelapha. Namuhla sikhuluma ngakho, futhi yilokho esikubiza ngakho.
Kuyini i-Bipolar Disorder?
Kalula nje, i-Bipolar Disorder yisifo sengqondo esithinta kakhulu isimo sengqondo somuntu, amazinga amandla, imicabango, kanye nokuziphatha. Ngaphambilini sasibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Manic Depression.' Umuntu onalesi simo angase abe nezikhathi zenjabulo namandla amakhulu (okubizwa ngokuthi 'i-mania') kanye nezikhathi zokudabuka okukhulu, ukuphelelwa yithemba, kanye nesithukuthezi (okubizwa ngokuthi 'ukucindezeleka').
Cabanga ngakho njengesitimela. Ngesinye isikhathi ikhuphuka igquma, ngesikhathi esilandelayo yehla igquma. Yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Bipolar' (Bi - ezimbili, Polar - extreme) ngoba ingqondo ishintshashintsha phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili eziqine kakhulu (izinsika).
- Ukuhlanya: Lesi yisikhathi senjabulo enkulu, injabulo, namandla. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abanye abantu bangase bacasuke, bathathe ngamawala, futhi benze izinqumo eziyingozi. Abanye bangase baqale nokukholelwa ezintweni ezingelona iqiniso (ukukhohlisa) noma babone noma bezwe izinto ezingezona ezangempela ( ukuphupha ).
- I-Hypomania: Lolu uhlobo oluthambile lwe-mania. Lapha, awubi nazinkolelo-mbono noma izimpawu ezinzima ngokwanele ukuphazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, ungase ube nomsebenzi omningi kanye nenjabulo kunokujwayelekile.
- Ukucindezeleka: Lokhu kungenye into exakile. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uzizwa udabuke kakhulu futhi udumele ngempilo. Awukwazi ukujabulela lutho. Lezi zimpawu zifana kakhulu nezomuntu onesifo sokucindezeleka okukhulu.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, abantu abaningi abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esiguquguqukayo bachitha isikhathi esiningi benezimpawu esigabeni sokucindezeleka kunasesigabeni sokudangala.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bipolar disorder?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zalesi simo eziye zatholakala. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa lezi zigaba ukuze akwelaphe.
- I-Bipolar I:Kulolu hlobo, kwenzeka iziqephu ezinzima zokusangana ezithatha okungenani isonto. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi ziqephu zinzima kangangokuthi kudingeka ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Kanye nalokhu, kungase kwenzeke neziqephu ezinzima zokucindezeleka ezithatha okungenani amasonto amabili.
- I-Bipolar II: Kulesi simo, kumelwe ukuthi ube nesiqephu sokucindezeleka okukhulu kanye nesiqephu esisodwa esincane se-hypomanic. Kodwa awukaze ube nesiqephu se-mania esinzima njengase-Bipolar I.
- Isifo Sokucindezeleka Kwengqondo: Lesi yisimo lapho izimpawu zokudangala okuncane kanye nokucindezeleka zihlala khona iminyaka emibili kumuntu omdala, noma unyaka owodwa enganeni noma kumuntu osemusha. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu azinzima njenge-Bipolar I noma II.
- Ukujikeleza Okusheshayo: Lokhu akulona uhlobo oluthile. Kuchaza indlela isifo esikhula ngayo. Uma unezimo zengqondo ezine noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka, kubizwa ngokuthi i-Rapid Cycling. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?
Lezi zimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Zinganda noma zinciphe nobunzima ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ake sibheke lezi zimpawu ngokucacile etafuleni.
| Izimpawu zesiqephu sokuhlanya | Izimpawu zokucindezeleka |
|---|---|
| Injabulo enkulu, ithemba, injabulo. | Ukulahlekelwa amandla, ukukhathala okuqhubekayo. |
| Ushintsho oluzumayo lusuka enjabulweni luye entukuthelweni nasekucasukeni. | Umuzwa wokuphelelwa yithemba, umuzwa wokungabi nalutho. |
| Amandla akhuphukile ngendlela engavamile kanye nesidingo esinciphile sokulala. | Ukungatholi injabulo ezintweni owawuzijabulela ngaphambili. |
| Ukukhuluma ngokushesha okukhulu, ukukhuluma njalo. | Ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, ukukhohlwa. |
| Isifiso sobulili esikhule ngendlela engavamile. | Ekhuluma kancane kakhulu. |
| Ukwenza izinhlelo ezinkulu okungenakwenzeka ukuzenza. | Ukukhala okungalawuleki, ubunzima bokwenza izinqumo. |
| Ukuba budedengu, ukwenza izinqumo eziyingozi (isib. ukusebenzisa imali eningi kakhulu). | Ukungalali noma isidingo sokulala ngokweqile. |
| Ukwanda kokuthambekela kokusebenzisa utshwala nezidakamizwa. | Ushintsho ekufiseni ukudla (ukwehlisa isisindo noma ukuzuza). |
| Ukuzethemba ngokweqile, umuzwa wokuthi "Ngingenza noma yini." | Imicabango yokuqeda impilo yakho noma ukuzama ukwenza kanjalo. |
Izimpawu ezinganeni nakubantu abasha
Ukuhlonza isifo se-bipolar ezinganeni kungaba nzima ngoba izimpawu zazo zingahambisana nezinye izimo, njenge-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), izinkinga zokuziphatha, noma ukucindezeleka okuvamile. Uma ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wezingane noma udokotela wezifo zengqondo ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Kungani kwenzeka isifo se-bipolar?
Akukho sizathu esisodwa salokhu, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inhlanganisela yezici ingaba yimbangela.
- Ithonya lezakhi zofuzo : Uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo sokuguquguquka kwengqondo, usengozini enkulu yokuba naso, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzosithola.
- Izinguquko zamakhemikhali ebuchosheni: Ukungalingani kwama-neurotransmitter ebuchosheni kukholakala ukuthi kuyimbangela yalokhu.
- Izici zemvelo:Izehlakalo ezibuhlungu ngesikhathi sobuntwana, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, noma ukulahlekelwa othandekayo kungabangela lesi sifo noma kubangele izimpawu ezimbi kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nezidakamizwa nakho kungenza izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Isifo se-Bipolar yisimo esingelapheki ngokuphelele, kodwa singaphathwa kahle kakhulu futhi ungaphila impilo evamile . Sifana nesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Sidinga ukuphathwa impilo yakho yonke.
Ungesabi uma uthola ukuthi unesifo. Lokho kuyinto enhle. Ngoba kusho ukuthi ungaqala ukwelashwa okufanele manje futhi ulawule impilo yakho.
Izindlela zokwelapha ziyinhlanganisela yezingxenye eziningana.
1. Imithi
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzonquma uhlobo kanye nomthamo wemithi ofanele wena.
- Iziqinisi zemizwa: Izidakamizwa ezifana neLithium, iValproate, iLamotrigine.
- Ama-antipsychotics: Izidakamizwa ezifana ne-Olanzapine, i-Quetiapine.
- Ama-antidepressant: Lawa avame ukunikezwa kanye ne-mood stabilizer. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kunengozi yokuthi ukucindezeleka kuphenduke i-mania.
Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
2. Ukwelapha ngokwengqondo
Ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma kubaluleke njengomuthi.
- Ukwelashwa Ngesigqi Sokuxhumana Nomphakathi (IPSRT): Kusiza ekuqiniseni isimo sengqondo ngokujwayela izinto ezifana nokulala nokudla ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke.
- Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT): Kusiza ekuboneni imicabango emibi kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha bese kuzishintsha zibe yizindlela ezinhle.
- Imfundo Yengqondo: Ukuzifundisa wena nomndeni wakho ngalesi sifo kuwusizo olukhulu ekuboneni nasekuthatheni isinyathelo lapho kuvela izimpawu.
3. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha kanye nezinguquko endleleni yokuphila
- Ukwelashwa Nge-Electroconvulsive (ECT): Ukwelashwa okuphephile kakhulu futhi okusebenzayo okusetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima okunzima ukuzilawula ngemithi kanye nokwelashwa kwengqondo.
- Indlela Yokuphila: Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuyeka ngokuphelele utshwala nezidakamizwa, kanye nokulala ngokwanele kubalulekile.
Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enemicabango yokuzibulala, ungalokothi umshaye indiva. Myise ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze noma ucele iseluleko kudokotela wezifo zengqondo.
Ungamsiza kanjani umuntu onesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bipolar disorder?
Uma othile emndenini wakho noma kumngane wakho enalesi simo, ukwesekwa kwakho kuzoba usizo olukhulu kuye.
- Qaphela lesi sifo: Ukufunda lesi sihloko kuyisinyathelo esihle sokufika kulokho. Uma ususiqonda lesi sifo, ungabona ukuziphatha kwabo ngesineke.
- Khuthaza ukwelashwa: Basize babone udokotela futhi baphuze imithi yabo ngendlela efanele.
- Bekezela: Lolu uhambo olude. Kuzoba nezikhathi lapho izinto ziba ngcono khona, nezikhathi lapho izimpawu zizophinde zivele khona. Yiba nabo kukho konke.
- Ungabahluleli: Ungasho izinto ezinjengokuthi, "Lokho ubuthakathaka bengqondo." Qonda ukuthi lesi yisimo esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, njengokugula ngokomzimba.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo se-Bipolar asisona isifo sengqondo noma isici sobuntu. Yisimo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa, njengesifo sikashukela.
- Ungacabangi ukuthi uwedwa onalesi simo. Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke ziphila ngempumelelo nalesi simo.
- Ngomuthi ofanele, ukwelashwa kwengqondo, kanye nokusekelwa ngumndeni wakho, ungabhekana nalesi simo kahle kakhulu futhi uphile impilo evamile nejabulisayo.
- Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enalezi zimpawu, sicela ungangabazi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngokushesha, umphumela uba ngcono.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala uxhumana nodokotela wakho njalo futhi uqhubeke nokwelashwa.
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