Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-Hepatitis B, elimaza isibindi buthule.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge -Hepatitis B ndawana thize. Abanye abantu bayayesaba kancane, kanti abanye abanandaba nayo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyinto sonke okudingeka siyiqaphele. Kalula nje, i-Hepatitis B igciwane elihlasela isibindi sethu. Libangelwa igciwane le-Hepatitis B, noma i-HBV ngamafuphi. Abanye abantu bayalithola futhi liba ngcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, lingaba yisifo esingamahlalakhona esingadala umonakalo omkhulu esibindini.

Siyithola kanjani i-Hepatitis B?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi lesi sifo sisakazeka kanjani sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba uma sizazi lezi zindlela, singaqaphela.

I-HBV isakazeka kakhulu ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ukuya ocansini nomuntu onegciwane le-HBV: Lena yindlela evame kakhulu yokusabalala kwalesi sifo. Uma uya ocansini ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isivikelo esifanele, igciwane lingadluliselwa kusuka kumuntu onegciwane liye kumuntu ophilile.
• Ukwabelana ngezinaliti namasirinji anegciwane: Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kubantu abafaka izidakamizwa. Uma abantu abaningi besebenzisa inalithi efanayo, igciwane lingasakazeka kalula. Lokhu kusebenza nasekusebenziseni imishini engahlanzwanga kahle.
• (HBV) enganeni esanda kuzalwa: Uma umama enalesi sifo, kungaba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi ingane nayo izotheleleka. Yingakho omama abakhulelwe kufanele baqaphele kakhulu ngalokhu.

Cabanga nje, leli gciwane lisegazini nasoketshezini lomzimba. Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo sidluliselwa kuphela uma lezo ziketshezi ezinegciwane zingena emzimbeni womuntu ophilile.

Kuyini i-hepatitis B ebukhali nengamahlalakhona?

Odokotela bakhuluma ngezinhlobo ezimbili ze-Hepatitis B. Eyodwa yi -Acute Hepatitis B , kanti enye yi- Chronic Hepatitis B.

• I-Hepatitis B Ebukhali: Lesi yisifo sesikhashana esenzeka zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha kusukela ekuthelelekeni yileli gciwane. Iningi labantu liyalulama ngokuphelele kulesi simo.
• I-Hepatitis B Engapheli: Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu basenalo leli gciwane emizimbeni yabo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyi-6. Yilapho-ke liba yisifo esingamahlalakhona, okusho isifo sesikhathi eside. Lesi yisona esiyingozi kakhulu, ngoba singadala ukugula impilo yonke.

Kukhona enye into ebalulekile kulokhu.Uma umuntu esemncane uma etheleleka ngaleli gciwane, kulapho amathuba okuba lihlale lihlala likhona. Isibonelo, uma uthatha umntwana osanda kuzalwa one-`(HBV)`, ama-90% kuphela alabo bantwana azoba nokutheleleka okungapheli. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwemi-5 ekuthola, leyo ngozi yehla ibe cishe ngama-6%–10%.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinhlangano ezifana ne-World Health Organization (WHO) kanye ne-Centers for Disease Control (CDC) zincoma ukuthi zonke izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zithole umthamo wokuqala womuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis B zingakapheli amahora angu-12-24 kusukela zizelwe. Umthamo wesibili unikezwa ezinyangeni ezingu-1-2, kanti umthamo wesithathu unikezwa ezinyangeni ezingu-6-18. Lo muthi wokugomela ufakiwe futhi ohlelweni lokugomela lukazwelonke eSri Lanka.

Ziyini izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-hepatitis B okunamandla?

Uma utheleleke nge-`(HBV)`, ungathola izimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Kungaba ubuhlungu bomzimba obulula kuya esifweni sesibindi esingamahlalakhona esikhulume ngaso ngaphambili. Umuntu one-hepatitis B ebukhali angase abe nezimpawu ezifana nezomkhuhlane ovamile wegciwane. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu, umuzwa ongenampilo.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi uzohlanza, mhlawumbe uze uhlanze.
• I-Anorexia , ukungafuni ukudla.
• Ukuba nomkhuhlane.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukutheleleka nge-`(HBV)` kungabangela ezinye izimpawu eziningana ezithile:

• Umchamo omnyama kunojwayelekile.
• Indle iba nombala okhanyayo noma ompunga.
• I-Jaundice : Lesi yisimo lapho amhlophe amehlo nesikhumba ephenduka abe phuzi.
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga.
• Ukuba nobuhlungu besisu.

Lezi zimpawu ziqala ukuvela phakathi kwenyanga eyodwa nezinyanga eziyisithupha ngemva kokuchayeka egciwaneni le-hepatitis B. Lezi zimpawu zingahlala kusukela emavikini kuya ezinyangeni.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi abanye abantu bangase bangakhombisi zimpawu uma benesifo se-hepatitis B. Kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngisho nomuntu ongenazo izimpawu angase asakaze lesi sifo komunye umuntu.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yi-Hepatitis B?

I-Hepatitis B engapheli iyisifo esibi kakhulu. Uma siqhubeka, singaholela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njenge- cirrhosis , ukwehluleka kwesibindi , noma umdlavuza wesibindi . Lokhu kungenza umuntu agule kakhulu aze afe.

Uma owesifazane okhulelwe ene-hepatitis B, noma ngabe akanazo izimpawu, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi ingane yakhe izotheleleka ngalesi sifo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, le ngozi ingancishiswa kakhulu uma ingane inikezwa umuthi wokugomela okhethekile (i-Immune Globulin) kanye nomthamo wokuqala womuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis B ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa.

Ngezinye izikhathi, abantu abangenwe yi-`(HBV)` bangase bangakhombisi zimpawu isikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi izimpawu zivela ngemva kwesikhathi eside kangaka, isibindi kungenzeka ukuthi sesivele sonakele futhi izinkinga ezinkulu kungenzeka ukuthi sezivele zenzekile.

Ungazi kanjani ukuthi une-Hepatitis B?

Uma othile enanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, noma uma esola ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yileli gciwane ngokuxhumana ngokocansi noma ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha. Udokotela uvame ukuthatha isampula yegazi bese enza ukuhlolwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kungahlola ama-antibodies egciwane. Kungaphinde kunqume ukuthi ukutheleleka kuyingozi noma kungamahlalakhona.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-Hepatitis B?

Ngeshwa, ayikho ikhambi le-Hepatitis B. Odokotela bangasiza kuphela ekulawuleni izimpawu. Isibonelo, beluleka abantu ukuthi baphumule ngokwanele futhi baphuze uketshezi oluningi. Uma umuntu egula kakhulu ukuba angadla noma aphuze, kungadingeka ukuthi alaliswe esibhedlela ukuze athole ukwelashwa.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izingane ezindala kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha bavame ukululama kwi-hepatitis B. Bangase futhi babe nokuzivikela kwemvelo egciwaneni. Iningi labantu liyalulama zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha. Kodwa-ke, abantu abathola i-hepatitis B engamahlalakhona baqashwe ngokucophelela ngabahlinzeki bezempilo. Ngezinye izikhathi, banikezwa imithi yokulwa namagciwane .

Kwenzekani ngemva kokutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis B?

Abanye abantu bangase babe naleli gciwane emizimbeni yabo impilo yabo yonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangabathwali balesi sifo impilo yabo yonke futhi bangasabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye. Kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule, ikakhulukazi kulaba bantu:

• Kufanele ugweme ukuphuza utshwala ngokuphelele, ngoba utshwala bungalimaza isibindi kakhulu.
• Kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi (obhalwe ngudokotela, othengwe ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, noma izithasiselo zamavithamini). Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi ngeke ubangele umonakalo owengeziwe esibindini.
• Umuntu oke waqinisekiswa ukuthi une-hepatitis B akanakunikela ngegazi.

Ungasinda yini ku-Hepatitis B?

Yebo, ungakwenza nakanjani! Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu.

• Ukugoma:Manje, zonke izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zithola umuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis B ngemithamo emithathu esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyi-6. Lo muthi wokugomela unciphise kakhulu inani lamacala e-hepatitis B. Odokotela batusa ukuthi zonke izingane kanye nentsha engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-19 ezingagonywanga kahle noma ezingakaqedi yonke imithamo emithathu zithole umuthi wokugomela "ohambisanayo".

Kunezimo ezithile ezikhethekile lapho izingane zingadinga ukugonywa kabusha kamuva ekuphileni. Lezi yizi:

• Izingane ezinomama abanegciwane le-hepatitis B egazini lazo.
• Izingane ezidinga i-hemodialysis.
• Izingane ezinezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka.

• Isivikelo ngemva kokuchayeka: Uma umuntu ongakagonywanga echayeka egciwaneni le-hepatitis B (HBV), odokotela bangamnikeza umuthi wokugoma kanye/noma umjovo we-immune globulin oqukethe ama-antibodies alwa naleli gciwane. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuzama ukuvimbela ukutheleleka. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uchayeke egciwaneni.

• Izindlela zokuphepha: Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabalala kwe-hepatitis B ngegazi elithelelekile kanye nolunye uketshezi lomzimba, abantu abadala kanye nentsha kufanele bathathe lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha:
• Sebenzisa ikhondomu ye-latex kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesikhathi socansi (ngomlomo, ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane, noma ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane).
• Gwema ukuthintana negazi lomuntu onegciwane.
• Ungajovi izidakamizwa ngemithambo yegazi. Ungabelani ngamasirinji, izinaliti, noma ezinye izinto zemithi.
• Ungabelani ngezinto zakho siqu ezifana namabhulashi amazinyo kanye nezinsingo nabanye.
• Hlola ngokucophelela izindawo zokudweba ama-tattoo kanye nokubhoboza. Qiniseka ukuthi azisebenzisi kabusha izinaliti ezifanayo ngaphandle kokuzibulala amagciwane ngendlela efanele.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kulokho esikuxoxile, ngithemba ukuthi usuthole ukuqonda okungcono nge-Hepatitis B. Okokugcina, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule yilezi:

• I-Hepatitis B igciwane elihlasela isibindi. Ngezinye izikhathi lingaba yisifo esingamahlalakhona futhi libangele izinkinga ezinkulu.
• Ukugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kulokhu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nalabo abaphuthelwe umjovo ukuthi bawuthole.
• Ukusabalala kwalesi sifo kungavinjelwa ngokwenza ucansi oluphephile, ukungabelani ngezinaliti namasirinji, kanye nokungabelani ngezinto zokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu nabanye.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unezimpawu noma cha, uma unemibuzo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela bese uyahlolwa.
• Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abanesifo sofuba esingapheli B balandele imiyalelo kadokotela wabo futhi benze izinguquko ezidingekayo endleleni yabo yokuphila.

Khumbula, ukuqwashisa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela. Nawe ungafundisa abanye ngalokhu. Ngemuva kwalokho singanciphisa lesi sifo emphakathini.

I- Hepatitis B, i-Hepatitis B, isibindi, igciwane, i-HBV, umuthi wokugomela, isifo esingamahlalakhona, isifo esibi