Ingabe umhlathi wakho nawo uyakhiya? Ake sifunde kahle nge-tetanus!

Wake wezwa "ngesifo sokuqina kwemisipha" noma "isifo sokugoba kwemisipha"? Mhlawumbe ngesikhathi usengumntwana, lapho uwa noma ulimala, umama wakho wayethi, "Qaphela, udinga ukuthola umjovo wokuqina kwemisipha." Lokhu empeleni kuyesabeka kancane, kodwa uma unolwazi olufanele, kulula kakhulu ukukuvimbela. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini i-tetanus, ukuthi ikhula kanjani, nokuthi yini esingayenza ngayo.

Kuyini i-Tetanus? Masiyiqonde kalula

Kalula nje, i-tetanus yisimo lapho imisipha yakho iqina khona futhi inyakaze ngokungazelelwe. Lokhu kubangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Clostridium tetani engena emzimbeni wakho. Uma leli bhaktheriya lingena, likhiqiza ubuthi . Lobu buthi buthinta uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa futhi buphazamise ukusebenza kwemisipha yakho. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yingozi empilweni . Kodwa into engcono kakhulu ukuthi lesi simo singavinjelwa ngokugoma . Yingakho lesi sifo singavamile emazweni athuthukile njenge-United States.

Ingabe kukhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko zendle?

Yebo, odokotela bathole izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko ze-flatulence:

• I-tetanus ejwayelekile: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu . Kulokhu, imisipha yomzimba wonke, ikakhulukazi intamo nomhlathi, iyafinyela kahle. Lokhu kungabonakala ekungakwazini ukuvula umlomo kanye nentamo edonswa emuva.
• I-tetanus yosana olusanda kuzalwa: Lokhu kuthinta izingane ezizalwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-28 zokuzalwa . Akuvamile emazweni athuthukile ngoba omama bagonyelwa i-tetanus ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa . Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ezindaweni ezingenazo ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okungekuhle kanye nokugonywa okunganele. Igciwane lingena enganeni ngentambo yesisu.
• I-tetanus etholakala endaweni ethile: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho imisipha ezungeze inxeba lapho amagciwane angene khona emzimbeni iba lukhuni . Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungakhula kube yi-tetanus evamile.
• I-Cephalic tetanus: Lokhu kufana ne-tetanus yendawo, kodwa kuthinta imizwa esekhanda lakho (imizwa ye-cranial) . Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpawu zisekhanda lakho nasebusweni.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuphuphuma kwesisu? Uzibona kanjani?

Izimpawu zokukhubeka zibangelwa imiphumela yobuthi obubangelwa yibhaktheriya ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa. Ngokuvamile, imisipha yethu iyancipha futhi iphumule ngokusekelwe ezimpawini ezivela ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Kodwa-ke, lobu buthi bokukhubeka buvimbela imisipha ukuthi ithole isignali yokuphumula. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi imisipha iqine futhi inyakaze ngokungalawuleki . Izimpawu eziyinhloko zingafaka:

• Ubunzima bokugwinya (dysphagia) noma ubunzima bokuphefumula (dyspnea) .
• Ukuvuza amathe .
• Ukumamatheka okuqinile kuwukumamatheka okungahleliwe okwenzeka ngenxa yokufinyela kwemisipha yobuso.
• Ukungakwazi ukuvula umlomo ngenxa yokuqina kwemisipha endaweni yomhlathi (`trismus`) . Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "i-jaw lock".
• Ukudikiza kwemisipha esiswini, emhlane, ezingalweni, noma emilenzeni. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kudikiza kungandiswa ukukhanya okukhulu noma umsindo .
• Ukucindezeleka kwemisipha kubangela ukuthi intamo nomhlane kudonswe emuva (opisthotonos) . Kufana nomnsalo.
• Kungase kube nokuquleka .

Okubalulekile: Uma uhlangabezana nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokulimala, kufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ukucindezeleka kungathinta nesimiso sakho sezinzwa esizimele , okuyingxenye yomzimba wakho elawula izinto ezifana nokuphefumula kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthi lezi zimpawu zivele. Zihlanganisa:

• Umkhuhlane nokujuluka .
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme .
• Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo ( i-tachycardia ).
• Ukuchama okungalawuleki (`ukungakwazi ukuzibamba`) kanye nokuhamba kwamathumbu (`ukungakwazi ukuzibamba`).

Yini ebangela induna? Leli gciwane lingena kanjani emzimbeni?

I-Tetanus ibangelwa ubuthi obukhiqizwa yibhaktheriya i-Clostridium tetani (C. tetani). I-Tetanus ayidluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu iye komunye . Igciwane le-tetanus lingangena enxebeni njenge-spore noma njengebhaktheriya esebenzayo (i-bacilli) . Ama-spore kunzima ukuwabulala futhi angasinda emanzini abilayo. Lawa ma-spore atholakala kakhulu enhlabathini, ikakhulukazi inhlabathi engcoliswe umquba wezilwane.. Ukusikeka okujulile kanye nokubhoboza yizindawo okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi leli gciwane lingene kuzo. Ukuvuvukala okuhambisana namanxeba ajulile kuvame ukuba kubi kakhulu. Ezinye zezindlela leli gciwane elingangena ngazo esilondeni yilezi:

• Ukulimala lapho amathambo ephuka khona futhi ephuma ngesikhumba (`ukuqhekeka okuhlanganisiwe`) .
• Ukulimala kokusha.
• Ukulimala kokuchotshozwa.
• Ukutheleleka kwamazinyo.
• Uma ukulunywa yizinambuzane noma ukulunywa yizinja kuba ukungcola.
• Amanxeba okuhlinzwa.
• Ukusebenzisa izinaliti ezingcolile noma imishini yezokwelapha.
• Izinto ezifana nokulimala okuncane, imihuzuko, kanye nokulunywa izinzipho okwenzeka ekhaya.

Cabanga nje, ubusebenza engadini wabhajwa esipikilini esigqwalile, noma wawa wathola ukulimala okuncane ngenkathi udlala. Yilesi sikhathi lapho udinga ukunakekela isikhumba sakho.

Nakuba amanxeba kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokungena kwegciwane, abantu abaningi abakhumbuli ukuthi yiliphi inxeba elibangele ukuqubuka . Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi cishe ku-50% weziguli, inxeba elithile alikwazi ukutholakala.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-eczema?

Kunezici eziningana eziyinhloko ezibangela ingozi yokukhula kwe-acne:

• Ubudala: Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65 bangase bangavikeleki kangako ekugonyelweni yisimungumungwane ngoba ukusebenza kahle komuthi wokugomela kwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi, abantu abaningi kuleli qembu leminyaka bazalwa ngaphambi kokuba umuthi wokugomela isisimungumungwane utholakale kabanzi.
• Ukungaqedi ukugoma: Umuthi wokugoma wesimungumungwane unikezwa ngemithamo eminingana. Uma ungawuqedi wonke, ngeke uvikeleke ngokuphelele.
• Isifo Sikashukela: Ngokwezibalo zaseMelika, kukhona ukuthambekela kwabantu abanesifo sikashukela ekutholeni induna.
• Abantu abakhubazekile: Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka banamathuba amaningi okutheleleka yileli gciwane.
• Abantu abafaka izidakamizwa: Laba bantu basengozini enkulu yokusebenzisa izinaliti ezingcolile.

Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zithola kanjani amaqhubu enama-diaper? Ziyini izimbangela?

I-tetanus yosana olusanda kuzalwa ivame ukwenzeka ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa uma umama engavikelekile ku-tetanus . Uma umama engakagonywa, umntwana ngeke avikelwe. Ingane ingabe isithola igciwane nganoma yisiphi isilonda. Ezinganeni, ivame ukubangelwa ukunqunywa kwe-umbilical cord . Izici eziyinhloko eziyingozi ze-tetanus yosana olusanda kuzalwa yilezi:

• Umama ongagonyiwe noma ongagonyiwe ngokuphelele.
• Ukutheleleka kwenxeba le-umbilical cord ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokusebenzisa izinto ezingcolile ukusika i-umbilical cord noma ukungagcini i-umbilical cord ihlanzekile .

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokukhipha isisu?

Izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zingavela ngenxa yokuzikhandla ngokweqile. Ezinye zibangelwa ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, kanti ezinye zibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwesimiso sezinzwa esizimele. Ezinye zalezi zinkinga zifaka:

• Ukuphefumula okufushane ngenxa yokuqina kwemisipha endleleni yokuphefumula.
• Amahlule egazi.
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso.
• I-Sepsis ( ukufa kwegazi).
• Ukufa.

Lesi yisimo esibucayi, ngakho-ke ngisho nokulimala okuncane akufanele kuthathwe kalula.

Odokotela bayixilonga kanjani i-thrush?

Azikho izivivinyo ezithile zelebhu zokuxilonga noma zokuqinisekisa i-phlegm. Udokotela wakho uzoxilonga i-phlegm ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho . Uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi abuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase asebenzise lokho okubizwa ngokuthi " ukuhlolwa kwe-spatula ." Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ithuluzi elithambile, noma i-spatula, bese ulithinta ngemuva komphimbo wakho ngaphakathi emlonyeni wakho. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kungakwenza uvale umlomo futhi ufune ukulikhafula (i-gag reflex). Kodwa uma umuntu one-phlegm enza lokhu, imisipha yakhe izoqina futhi umhlathi wakhe uzoqina.

Indlela yokwelapha i-eczema?

Uma udokotela esola ukuthi une-strep throat, uzoqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha . Lokhu kwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ukunakekelwa kwenxeba: Ukuhlanza inxeba kahle (okubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlikihla) nokususa izicubu ezifile kungasiza ekubulaleni amabhaktheriya, okuzowavimba ekukhiqizeni ubuthi. Lokhu kunganciphisa isikhathi esithathayo ukuze ukutheleleka kuphele.
• Imithi:
• I-antitoxin ye-tetanus: Lokhu kuvimbela ubuthi ukuthi bungabe buthinta umzimba kakhulu.
• Ama-antibiotic: Ama-antibiotic afana ne-metronidazole angasiza ekubulaleni noma yimaphi amabhaktheriya asele.
• Imithi efana nemithi yokuphumula imisipha kanye ne-benzodiazepines nayo inikezwa ukulawula izimpawu.
• Ukuphumula: Ngenxa yokuthi ukukhanya nomsindo kungandisa ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi uphumule ekamelweni elimnyama nelithule .
• Ukusekelwa kokuphefumula: Ukugcina umoya wakho uvulekile yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, kungadingeka ukuthi ufakwe epayipini lokuphefumula (intubation) futhi unikezwe umoya womoya osebenza ngomshini . Unganikezwa futhi umuthi wokudambisa ukuze uhlale ukhululekile.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?

Uma izimpawu zesimungumungwane zivele, kungathatha cishe amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ukuthi lesi sifo siphele ngokuphelele . Kodwa-ke, isisimungumungwaneKungathatha izinyanga ukululama ngokuphelele. Udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani kuye ngesimo sakho esithile.

Lokhu akukwazi yini ukuvinjelwa? Ake sifunde ngomuthi wokugoma!

I-Diphtheria iyisifo esingavinjelwa kakhulu ngokugoma . ESri Lanka, lo muthi wokugoma unikezwa njengengxenye yesheduli yokugoma izingane (ngokuvamile njengomthi wokugoma kathathu, kulandelwe umuthi wokugoma we-DT, kanye nomuthi wokugoma we-Adult DT noma we-Td).

Ungacabangi ukuthi ukuba nesimungumungwane kanye ngeke kukusize uvikeleke kuso futhi. Akukunikezi ukuzivikela. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthola ukuzivikela ukugonywa.

Futhi, isivikelo esinikezwa yilo mjovo siyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi . Yingakho udinga umjovo wokuqinisa cishe njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 . Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezenza abantu abadala babe sengozini enkulu yokuthola isimungumungwane. Ngisho noma umjovo wakho uphelelwe yisikhathi, ukuthola umjovo wokuqinisa isimungumungwane kungasindisa impilo yakho. Abantu abathole okungenani imithamo emithathu yomjovo wokuqinisa isimungumungwane bavame ukuvikelwa kulesi sifo. Ngisho noma ungagonywanga ngokugcwele, ubukhali besifo bungancishiswa. Ngokuvamile, udinga umjovo wokuqinisa isimungumungwane uma unenxeba elisha, elijulile noma elingcolile, futhi noma yikuphi okulandelayo kusebenza kuwe:

• Uma uthole imithamo engaphansi kwemithathu yochungechunge lwemithi yokugomela isimungumungwane.
• Uma ungasazi isimo sakho sokugoma .
• Uma sekudlule iminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu kusukela ekugonyelweni kwakho kokugcina kwe-booster .

Yini ongayilindela uma uhlaselwa ubomvu?

Umphimbo we-strep uyinkinga enkulu, esongela impilo . Kodwa ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bayalulama . Izimpawu zivame ukuvela cishe isonto ngemuva kokungena kwamagciwane emzimbeni. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingavela ezinsukwini ezimbili noma kuze kube amasonto amathathu. Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha kuqala endaweni yokutheleleka. Bese imisipha ezungeze amehlo iqala ukuqaqamba futhi kube nzima ukuvula umlomo. Lokhu kuqaqamba kungaba buhlungu futhi kusakazeke kancane kancane entanyeni nasemhlane. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoqala lizame ukugcina indlela yakho yokuphefumula ivulekile ('intubation') . Ngemuva kwalokho, bazoqala ukwelapha ezinye izimpawu. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukukunikeza imithi yokuqaqamba kwemisipha, imithi yobuhlungu, nokwenza ukhululeke ngangokunokwenzeka. Ubunzima bomphimbo wakho we-strep bungahluka kuye ngezici eziningana. Udokotela wakho angakutshela okwengeziwe ngalokho ongakulindela. Bangakunikeza neseluleko ngezinto ezingakusiza njengoba ululama. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa okufanele, amathuba okusinda nokululama ekuqubukeni mahle.

Ingabe ukugqwala ngempela kuyimbangela yokuqubuka?

Cha, ukugqwala akusikho okubangela ukuqubuka.. Kodwa ukugqwala kuwuphawu lokuthi into ethile indala futhi ingase ibe namanye amagciwane, okuhlanganisa negciwane elibangela isimungumungwane. Ake sithi usebenza engadini futhi uthole inxeba elijulile lokubhoboza, noma unyathele isipikili esigqwalile ngenkathi wenza imisebenzi yasekhaya. Ingozi yesimungumungwane ezimweni ezinjalo ingagwenywa kalula ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha. Uma ucabanga ukuthi udinga umjovo we-'booster' yesimungumungwane, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo. Bangakunikeza umjovo we-'booster' ngenkathi belapha isilonda sakho.

Uma unezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, isifo sohlangothi singaba yingozi. Kodwa ngokwelashwa, amathuba akho okusinda nokululama mahle.

Izinto okufanele sizikhumbule kule ndaba (Umyalezo Ohamba Nawo Ekhaya)

Nakuba isimungumungwane siyisifo esesabekayo, singakwazi ukuzivikela kuso uma sinolwazi olufanele ngaso.

• I-tetanus ibangelwa ubuthi obukhiqizwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Clostridium tetani. Leli bhaktheriya lingatholakala enhlabathini, othulini, kanye nasendle yezilwane.
• Leli gciwane lingena emzimbeni ngamanxeba. Lingavela kunoma yini kusukela ekuklwebheni okuncane kuya enxebeni elikhulu.
• Ukusha, ukudikiza kwemisipha, kanye nobunzima bokugwinya yizimpawu eziyinhloko.
• Indlela engcono kakhulu yokukuvimbela ukugonywa. Thola imijovo owanikezwa yona usesemncane. Ungakhohlwa ukuthola umjovo wokukhulisa njalo eminyakeni eyi-10.
• Uma uthola inxeba, ikakhulukazi inxeba elijulile nelingcolile, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Qiniseka ukuthi umjovo wakho we-tetanus usesikhathini.
• Uma unezimpawu, iya esibhedlela ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungasiza ekusindiseni izimpilo.

Khumbula, impilo yakho isezandleni zakho. Qaphela! I-Diphtheria, i-Gavriil, i-Tetanus, i-Clostridium tetani, izifo zamanxeba, umuthi wokugomela i-Diphtheria, umuthi wokugomela i-Booster