Wake wezwa nge-"tetanus" noma "lockjaw"? Ungase ukhumbule abazali bakho bekutshela ukuthi uqaphele ngemva kokuklwebheka noma ukusikwa ebuntwaneni, bethi, "Qaphela, udinga umjovo we-tetanus." Nakuba kuyisimo esibucayi impela, kulula kakhulu ukusivimbela uma unolwazi oluhle. Namuhla, e -Nirogi Lanka , ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini i-tetanus, ukuthi yenzeka kanjani, nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uzivikele.
Kuyini i-Tetanus? Ake Siyichaze Kalula
Kalula nje, i-tetanus yisimo esibangela ukuqina kwemisipha okungazelelwe, okungalawuleki kanye nobuhlungu obungapheli . Sibangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Clostridium tetani elingena emzimbeni wakho. Uma selingaphakathi, leli gciwane likhiqiza ubuthi obuhlasela uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa, buphazamise ukusebenza kwemisipha yakho. Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa-ke, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ungasivimbela ngempumelelo ngokugoma . Yingakho lesi sifo singavamile emazweni athuthukile.
Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-tetanus?
Yebo, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bahlonza izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko:
- I-tetanus ejwayelekile: Lena yindlela evame kakhulu . Ihilela ukufinyela kwemisipha okukhulu emzimbeni wonke, ikakhulukazi entanyeni nasemhlathini. Ungase ube nobunzima bokuvula umlomo wakho noma imisipha yentamo yakho idonsele emuva.
- I-tetanus yosana olusanda kuzalwa: Lokhu kuthinta izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-28 . Akuvamile emazweni athuthukile ngoba omama bagonywa njalo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa . Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ezindaweni lapho ukufinyelela kwezokwelapha kulinganiselwe khona. Ukutheleleka kuvame ukungena ngentambo yesisu .
- I-tetanus etholakala endaweni ethile: Kulesi simo esingavamile, ukuqaqamba kwemisipha kwenzeka kuphela endaweni eseduze nenxeba . Nakuba kungavamile, ngezinye izikhathi kungadlulela ku-tetanus evamile.
- I-Cephalic tetanus: Njengoba kunjalo nasendaweni, lolu hlobo luthinta imizwa ekhanda lakho nasebusweni , okuholela ezimpawini ezigxile kulezo zindawo.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-tetanus, futhi ungazibona kanjani?
Izimpawu ze-tetanus zivela ngoba ubuthi bebhaktheriya buvimbela imisipha yakho ukuthi ithole izimpawu zokuphumula, okuyenza ivaleke esimweni sokufinyela.
Izimpawu ezibalulekile zifaka:
- Ubunzima bokugwinya (`dysphagia`) noma ubunzima bokuphefumula (`dyspnea`) .
- Ukuvuza amathe .
- Ukumamatheka okuqinile okubangelwa ukucindezeleka kwemisipha yobuso.
- I-Lockjaw (`trismus`) , lapho ungakwazi ukuvula umlomo wakho.
- Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha esiswini, emhlane, ezingalweni, noma emilenzeni—okuvame ukubangelwa ukukhanya okukhulu noma umsindo omkhulu .
- Ama-Opisthotonos , lapho imisipha yakho yentamo neyangemuva igoba khona emuva njengomnsalo.
- Ukuquleka .
Okubalulekile: Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokulimala, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze nawe.
I-tetanus ingathinta nesistimu yakho yezinzwa ezizimele , elawula imisebenzi engazikhetheli njengokushaya kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula. Izimpawu zingafaka:
- Umkhuhlane nokujuluka .
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Isilinganiso senhliziyo esisheshayo (` tachycardia` ).
- Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba umchamo noma ukungakwazi ukuzibamba indle .
Yini ebangela i-tetanus, futhi amabhaktheriya angena kanjani emzimbeni?
I-tetanus ibangelwa ubuthi obukhiqizwa yi -C. tetani ; ngakho-ke, ayithelelani futhi ayinakusabalala isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye .
Amabhaktheriya (angaba khona njengezinhlamvu eziqinile) atholakala kakhulu enhlabathini, ikakhulukazi inhlabathi engcoliswe umquba wezilwane . Angena emzimbeni ngokusikeka okujulile, amanxeba okubhoboza, noma ukuphuka kwesikhumba. Izindlela ezivamile lokhu okwenzeka ngazo zifaka:
- Ukuqhekeka okuhlanganisiwe lapho ithambo liphuka khona esikhumbeni.
- Amanxeba okusha.
- Ukulimala kokuchotshozwa.
- Ukutheleleka kwamazinyo.
- Ukulunywa yizinambuzane noma izilwane okungcolisa.
- Amanxeba okuhlinzwa.
- Izinaliti noma imishini yezokwelapha engcolile.
- Ukulimala okuncane kwasekhaya njengokuklwebheka noma ukunyathela isipikili esigqwalile.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyalima futhi unyathela isipikili esigqwalile noma uyawa ngenkathi udlala, ngisho namanxeba amancane adinga ukunakwa mayelana nesimo sakho sokugonyelwa i-tetanus.
Eqinisweni, iziguli eziningi azikhumbuli ukulimala kokuqala okwaholela ekuthelelekeni; ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ezimweni ezingafika ku-50%, inxeba lokuqala alikwazi ukutholakala.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-tetanus?
Kunezici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yakho:
- Ubudala: Ukuvikelwa emithini yokugomela ebuntwaneni kungase kunciphe kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65, futhi abaningi kuleli qembu lobudala kungenzeka abazange bathole uchungechunge lwemithi yokugomela yesimanje.
- Ukugonywa okungaphelele: Ukuvikelwa kwe-tetanus kuncike ochungechungeni oluphelele lwemithamo kanye nemithi yokuqinisa evamile.
- Isifo Sikashukela: Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangase babe sengozini enkulu yokuba naso.
- Ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba: Isimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka senza kube nzima ngomzimba wakho ukulwa namagciwane.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nge-intravenous: Ukusetshenziswa kwezinaliti ezingahlanzeki kuveza ingozi enkulu.
Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zithola kanjani i-tetanus, futhi yiziphi izimbangela?
I-tetanus yosana olusanda kuzalwa ivame ukwenzeka uma umama engenawo amasosha omzimba okulwa ne-tetanus . Uma umama engakagonywa, umntwana akasitholi lesi sivikelo, okwenza abe sengozini yokutheleleka nganoma yisiphi isilonda. Indawo evame kakhulu yokungena kwamagciwane ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa yi- umbilical cord stump .
Izici ezibalulekile zengozi ye-tetanus yosana olusanda kuzalwa zifaka:
- Umama ongakagonywa noma ongagonywanga ngokuphelele.
- Ukutheleleka kwesiqu sentambo yenkaba ngenxa yokusebenzisa amathuluzi angahlanzekanga noma ukungahlanzeki kahle ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa kwentambo.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-tetanus?
I-tetanus ingaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene, ezinye zibangelwa ukuqaqamba okukhulu kwemisipha kanti ezinye zibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso sezinzwa esizimele . Lezi zinkinga zifaka:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula obubangelwa ukuqaqamba kwemisipha yokuphefumula.
- Amahlule egazi.
- Ukwehluleka kwezinso.
- I-Sepsis (ushevu wegazi).
- Ukufa.
Ngenxa yokuthi lesi yisimo esibucayi, akufanele neze uphathe ngisho nesilonda esincane kalula.
Odokotela bayixilonga kanjani i-tetanus?
Azikho izivivinyo ezithile zelebhu zokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-tetanus. Udokotela wakho uzoxilonga i-tetanus ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho zomtholampilo . Uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi abukeze umlando wakho wezokwelapha.
Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela bangase basebenzise "ukuhlolwa kwe-spatula."Kule nqubo, udokotela uthinta ingemuva lomphimbo wakho ngethuluzi elithambile noma i-spatula. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kubangela ukuzwela kwe-gag; nokho, kumuntu one-tetanus, kubangela ukuqaqamba kwemisipha kanye nokuqina komhlathi (trismus).
Iphathwa kanjani i-tetanus?
Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi une-tetanus, uzoqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha . Lokhu kwelashwa kufaka phakathi:
- Ukunakekelwa kwenxeba: Ukuhlanza kahle inxeba (ukususwa kwezicubu) ukuze kususwe izicubu ezifile futhi kuncishiswe umthwalo wamagciwane. Lokhu kumisa ukukhiqizwa kobuthi okuqhubekayo futhi kusiza ukunciphisa umthelela wesifo.
- Imithi:
- I-antitoxin ye-tetanus: Lokhu kuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe kobuthi emzimbeni wakho.
- Ama-antibiotic: Ama-antibiotic afana ne- metronidazole asiza ekuqedeni amagciwane asele.
- Ama-muscle relaxer kanye nama-benzodiazepine asetshenziswa ukulawula ukuqaqamba kwemisipha kanye nezimpawu zayo.
- Ukuphumula: Ukukhanya nomsindo kungabangela ukuqaqamba, ngakho-ke udokotela wakho cishe uzokweluleka ukuthi uphumule ekamelweni elimnyama nelithule .
- Ukusekelwa kokuphefumula: Ukugcina umoya uhlanzekile kubalulekile. Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, ungadinga ukufakwa kwepayipi kanye nokungena komoya ngomshini . Ukupholisa kuvame ukunikezwa ngalesi sikhathi ukuze uhlale ukhululekile.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama?
Ngemva kokuvela kwezimpawu, kungathatha amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ukuthi lesi sifo siphele. Kodwa-ke, ukululama okuphelele kungathatha izinyanga eziningana . Udokotela wakho angakunikeza isikhathi esisekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.
Ingabe kungavinjelwa? Ake sixoxe ngemithi yokugoma!
I-Tetanus iyisifo esingavinjelwa kakhulu ngokugoma . Njengengxenye yesimiso sakho sokugoma esivamile, lo muthi wokugoma unikezwa ebuntwaneni (ngokuvamile njengomjovo we-Triple, kulandelwe yi-DT, kanye ne-adult DT noma i-Td boosters).
Ungacabangi ukuthi ukuba ne-tetanus kanye kunikeza amasosha omzimba; akunjalo. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthola amasosha omzimba ukugoma.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvikeleka emgomeni kuyaphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi . Ngakho-ke, udinga umjovo wokuqinisa cishe njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 . Lesi esinye sezizathu ezenza abantu abadala babe sengozini enkulu yokuthola i-tetanus.
Ngisho noma isimiso sakho sokugoma sesidlulile isikhathi, ukugonywa kungasindisa impilo. Iningi labantu abathole okungenani imithamo emithathu yomjovo we-tetanus bavikelekile. Ngisho nokugonywa okungaphelele kunganciphisa ubunzima besifo.
Ngokuvamile, uma unenxeba elisha, elijulile, noma okungenzeka ukuthi linegciwane, udinga i-tetanus booster uma kukhona okulandelayo:
- Uthole imithamo engaphansi kwemithathu yochungechunge lwemithi yokugomela i-tetanus.
- Awuqiniseki ngesimo sakho sokugonywa .
- Sekuphele iminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu kusukela wagcina ukukhulisa .
Yini ongayilindela uma unesifo sokuqina kwemisipha?
I-Tetanus yisimo esibi kakhulu nesisongela ukuphila , kodwa ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bayalulama ngokugcwele . Izimpawu zivame ukuvela cishe ngesonto ngemva kokungena kwamagciwane emzimbeni, yize zingabonakala ezinsukwini ezimbili noma emavikini amathathu ngemva kokutheleleka.
Ukuqaqamba kuvame ukuqala eduze nendawo yokulimala. Ungase ube nokuqina kwemisipha yamehlo kanye nobunzima bokuvula umhlathi wakho. Lokhu kuqaqamba kungaba buhlungu futhi kusakazeke kancane kancane entanyeni nasemhlane wakho.
Okuza kuqala eqenjini lakho lezokwelapha kuzoba ukuvikela indlela yakho yokuphefumula (i-intube) . Uma sekuzinzile, ukwelashwa kwezinye izimpawu kuyaqala, okuhlanganisa izinto zokuphumula imisipha kanye nokuphathwa kobuhlungu ukuze uhlale ukhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukululama kuncike ezintweni eziningana, futhi udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe ngalokho ongakulindela. Bazokuqondisa nokuthi ungakusekela kanjani ukululama kwakho. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngokungenelela kwezokwelapha okufanele, amathuba akho okusinda nokululama ku-tetanus mahle.
Ingabe ukugqwala empeleni kubangela i-tetanus?
Cha, ukugqwala akukubangeli i-tetanus. Kodwa-ke, ukugqwala kuwuphawu lokuthi into indala futhi ingaba namagciwane e-tetanus kanye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo.
Uma uzwa inxeba elijulile lokubhoboza ngenkathi ulima ingadi noma unyathela isipikili esigqwalile ngenkathi usebenza ekhaya, ingozi ye-tetanus ingancishiswa kalula ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi udinga umjovo wokuqinisa, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma uye egumbini eliphuthumayo eliseduze. Bangalapha inxeba futhi banikeze i-booster ngasikhathi sinye.
Uma unezimpawu ze-tetanus, iya emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze ngokushesha. I-tetanus engelashwanga ingaba yingozi. Kodwa-ke, ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, amathuba akho okusinda nokululama aphezulu kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
Nakuba i-tetanus iyisimo esesabekayo, ukuba nolwazi oluhle kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlala uvikelekile neNirogi Lanka.
- I-tetanus ibangelwa ubuthi obukhiqizwa yi-bacterium *Clostridium tetani*. Lawa magciwane angachuma enhlabathini, othulini, kanye nasendle yezilwane.
- Amabhaktheriya angena emzimbeni wakho ngamanxeba. Lokhu kungenzeka nganoma yini kusukela ekuklwebheni okuncane noma ukuklwebheka kuya ekulimaleni okujulile, okuhlabayo.
- Izimpawu ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi ukuqaqamba komhlathi (ukukhiya umhlathi), ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, kanye nobunzima bokugwinya.
- Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela i-tetanus ukugoma. Qiniseka ukuthi uqedela isimiso sakho sokugoma izingane futhi ukhumbule ukuthola umthamo wokukhulisa njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 ukuze uhlale uvikelekile.
- Uma uthola inxeba—ikakhulukazi elijulile noma elingcolile—funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Singahlola ukuthi isimo sakho sokugonyelwa i-tetanus sisesikhathini.
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu, hamba uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile ekusindiseni impilo yakho.
Khumbula, impilo yakho isezandleni zakho. Hlala uphephile neNirogi Lanka!
I-Tetanus, i-Lockjaw, i-Clostridium tetani, ukutheleleka kwenxeba, umuthi wokugomela i-tetanus, umjovo wokuqinisa
