Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa udokotela ebheka umbiko wokuhlolwa kwegazi bese ethi, " Ama-platelet akho aphansi kancane." Noma kungenzeka ukuthi uke wesaba lapho ungakwazi ukuyeka ukopha ngisho nangenxeba elincane. Lokhu kwehla kwenani lama-platelet egazini yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Thrombocytopenia kwezokwelapha. Ungesabi. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula nangokucacile.
Kungani ama-platelet egazi ehla kanje?
Kalula nje, ama-platelet awuhlobo lweseli elincane elisiza ukujiya kwegazi lethu. Akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wamathambo ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu. Cabanga ngomnkantshe wethu wamathambo njengefektri eyenza ama-platelet. Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani lesi simo singase senzeke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwale fektri kunciphisa. Noma, ama-platelet akhiqizwayo abhujiswa ngokushesha emzimbeni.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izizathu zalokhu. Ake sibheke leli thebula ukuze sikuqonde kahle lokhu.
| Izimbangela zokwehla kokukhiqizwa kwama-platelet | Izimbangela zokubhujiswa kwama-platelet egazi akhiqizwayo |
|---|---|
| Izifo zegazi ezithinta umongo wamathambo (isib. i-Aplastic Anemia). | Izifo ezihlasela umzimba ngokuzimela, njenge-lupus noma i-ITP, zihlasela amangqamuzana omzimba aphilile. |
| Umdlavuza olimaza umongo wethambo, njenge-leukemia noma i-lymphoma. | Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane (i-bacteremia) okungena egazini. |
| Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-chickenpox, i-mumps, i-HIV, kanye ne-Epstein-Barr. | Eminye imithi (isib., ama-antibiotic e-sulfa, i-heparin yokuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi, i-phenytoin yokwelapha isifo sokuwa). |
| Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile isikhathi eside. | Izifo ezingavamile ezihilela ukujiya kwegazi, njenge-TTP noma i-DIC. |
| Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe yomdlavuza. | I-Hemolytic uremic syndrome yisimo esingavamile esibhubhisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi futhi sithinta izinso. |
| Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anjengezibulala-zinambuzane kanye ne-arsenic. | Amagciwane afana negciwane le-Epstein-Barr (EBV), i-hepatitis C, kanye ne-HIV. |
Ngaphezu kwalezi zizathu, ngezinye izikhathi lawa ma-platelet angabhajwa futhi aqongelelane ngaphakathi kwe-spleen , isitho emzimbeni wethu. Futhi, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lesi simo singase senzeke okwesikhashana ngoba amanye ama-platelet abesifazane asuswa emizimbeni yabo ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?
Esikhathini esiningi, inani eliphansi lama-platelet alibangeli zimpawu. Kodwa uma kuvela izimpawu, eziyinhloko ukopha kanye nokulunywa. Ungase futhi uqaphele amabala amancane, abomvu noma ansomi esikhumbeni sakho. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-petechiae .
Lokhu ukopha okungase kwenzeke ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle komzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kukopha kungaba nzima futhi kube nzima ukukuyeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zici zingabonakala futhi:
- Ukopha okuvela ezinsinini noma ekhaleni.
- Igazi emchameni noma esitulweni.
- Ukopha ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu .
- Ukukhathala njalo nokukhathala .
- Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo (i-jaundice).
- Ukuvuvukala kwe-spleen.
Lezi zimpawu zingaqala ngemva kokuba inani lama-platelet akho lehle kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona into efana nale.
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Uma uya kudokotela wakho, uzokubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nezimpawu zamanje. Uzobe esehlola umzimba wakho futhi ahlole imivimbo, ama-petechiae, kanye nezimpawu zokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane kanye nezilonda zesikhumba.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uzocelwa nakanjani ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okungukuthi, inani eliphelele legazi. Ngokuvamile, umuntu ophilile unama-platelet aphakathi kuka-150,000 no-450,000 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi. Uma leli nani lehla ngaphansi kuka-50,000, ingozi yokopha iyanda.
Ezimweni eziningi, udokotela wakho angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe wegazi (i-hematologist). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze ezinye izivivinyo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Yilapho isimo kanye nempilo yama-platelet akho kuhlolwa khona ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
- Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha: Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ngokujulile izinhlobo zamaseli emnkantsha kanye nempilo yawo.
- Ukuhlolwa kokujiya kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okuhlola ukuthi inqubo yokujiya kwegazi isebenza kahle yini.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?
Yilokhu okudingeka sikuqaphele kakhulu.
- Uma inani lama-platelet akho lehla ngaphansi kuka-50,000, ngisho nokulimala okuncane kungabangela ukopha ngokweqile.
- Uma leli nani lehla ngaphansi kuka-30,000, ngisho nesenzakalo esincane, esingalindelekile singabangela ukopha okukhulu.
- Uma inani lama-platelet akho lehla ngaphansi kuka-10,000, ungaqala ukopha okuyingozi emzimbeni wakho, ngisho noma kungekho ukulimala. Akuvamile kakhulu, kungaholela ezimweni ezisongela ukuphila, njengokuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni. Yingakho kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngalesi simo.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kuncike enanini lama-platelet akho kanye nesimo esiyisisekelo esibangele lokhu.
- Uma inani lama-platelet akho lingephansi kakhulu, ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzokuqapha.
- Ngezinye izikhathi, inani lama-platelet libuyela esimweni esijwayelekile uma imbangela isimisiwe. Isibonelo, uma kutholakala ukuthi kukhona umuthi obangela inkinga, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha lowo muthi.
Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu (i-thrombocytopenia enzima), udokotela angase anikeze ukwelashwa okufana nalokhu:
- Imithi yama-steroid: Uma lokhu kungenxa yenkinga yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, le mithi inikezwa ukuvimba umzimba ekubhubhiseni ama-platelet awo.
- I-IVIG (Intravenous Immune Globulin): Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa uma ungakwazi ukuthatha ama-steroid, noma uma udinga ukwandisa ngokushesha inani lama-platelet akho.
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi noma ama-platelet:Ukunikeza umzimba igazi noma ama-platelet avela kumuntu ophilile.
- Ukususwa kwe-splenectomy: Uma nje ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingayilawuli le nkinga, i-spleen, ebhubhisa ama-platelet, isuswa ngokuhlinzwa.
- Eminye imithi: Uma lokhu kwelashwa kungalawuli lesi simo, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze eminye imithi ethile, njenge-elthrombopag (Promacta, Revolade) noma i-romiplostim (Nplate).
Yini engenziwa ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi?
Uma amazinga akho e-platelet ephansi, nakekela lezi zinto ukuze uvimbele ukuphuma kwegazi.
- Ungaphuzi imithi yokubulala izinhlungu efana ne-aspirin ne-ibuprofen, ethinta ukujiya kwegazi, ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala. Utshwala bungandisa ukopha.
- Gwema imidlalo yokuthintana engabangela ukulimala, njengebhola, isibhakela, kanye ne-rugby, isikhashana.
- Uma uxubha amazinyo akho, sebenzisa ibhulashi lamazinyo elithambile ukuze ugweme ukulimaza izinsini zakho.
- Gqoka ibhande lesihlalo njalo uma ugibele imoto. Uma usebenza ngemishini, gqoka amagilavu okuphepha kanye nezibuko.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Thrombocytopenia ukwehla kwama-platelet egazini, okubalulekile ekuqineni kwegazi.
- Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu. Ukwehla kokukhiqizwa komnkantsha, ukubhujiswa kwama-platelet, imithi, noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha konke kungabangela lokhu.
- Ukudumba, ukopha okungapheli, kanye namabala abomvu esikhumbeni (i-petechiae) yizimpawu eziyinhloko. Uma ubona into efana nale , bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Ukwelashwa kuncike ekubalweni kwama-platelet kanye nembangela eyinhloko. Ngezinye izikhathi akukho ukwelashwa okudingekayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imithi ethile noma ukwelashwa kuyadingeka.
- Uma unalesi simo, qiniseka ukuthi ugwema izinto ezingabangela ukulimala kanye nemithi engavunyelwe udokotela wakho.
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