Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhungathekile futhi ukhathazekile lapho ingane yakho itholakala ukuthi ine- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi engqondweni yakho, njengokuthi "Ngenzenjani manje?" "Ikusasa lengane yami lizoba njani?" Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Into ebalulekile ukuthi awuwedwa, futhi kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezitholakalayo namuhla ezingasiza lezi zingane ukuthuthukisa amakhono azo, ukuphatha izimpawu zazo, nokuphila impilo engcono.
I-Autism akuyona inkinga ehambisana nobukhulu obuthile. Ifana kakhulu ne-spectrum. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezinye izingane zingase zibe nezimpawu ezincane kakhulu, kanti ezinye zingase zibe nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa okufanayo kwengane eyodwa kungase kungabi kuhle kwenye. Ukwelashwa kukhethwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zomuntu ngamunye, izinselele, kanye namandla engane yakho. Umgomo oyinhloko wazo zonke lezi zindlela zokwelapha ukunciphisa izimpawu zengane yakho nokunikeza ukwesekwa okuphezulu ekufundeni kwayo kanye nentuthuko yayo yonke.
Izindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisa ukuziphatha nokuxhumana
Lezi izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko nezibaluleke kakhulu ze-autism. Zizama ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana kwengane, amakhono okuxhumana, kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha.
Ukuhlaziywa Kokuziphatha Okusetshenzisiwe (i-ABA)
Lena indlela evamile esetshenziswa ezikoleni nasemitholampilo. Kalula nje, iyasiza ekwandiseni ukuziphatha okuhle kwengane nokunciphisa ukuziphatha okubi . Le ndlela ingathuthukisa amakhono ahlukahlukene, futhi kunezindlela ezahlukene ezingasetshenziswa kuye ngezidingo zengane.
- Ukuqeqeshwa Kokuvivinya Okuyimfihlo (i-DTT): Lokhu kuhilela ukuthuthukisa amakhono ngezifundo ezilula kanye nokuqinisa okuhle lapho ingane yenza okuthile kahle.
- Ukuqeqeshwa Okubalulekile Kokuphendula (i-PRT): Umgomo walokhu ukukhuthaza ingane ukuthi ifunde futhi ixhumane nabanye.
- Ukungenelela Kokuziphatha Kwasekuqaleni Kwama- TENS (EIBI): Lena yindlela ephumelela kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
- Ukungenelela Kokuziphatha Kwamazwi (VBI): Lokhu kugxile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amakhono olimi kanye nokukhuluma kwengane.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Isikhathi sokusebenza phansi (ifomethi ye-DIR) | Kulokhu, abazali bahlala phansi nengane yabo badlale ngemidlalo abayithandayo. Umgomo uwukungena ezweni lengane badlale nayo, bathuthukise imizwa yabo namakhono okuxhumana. |
| Indlela ye-TEACCH | Lena indlela esekelwe ezibonelweni ezibonakalayo. Isibonelo, amakhadi ezithombe asetshenziselwa ukufundisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, njengokuthi ugqoka kanjani ingubo. |
| I-PECS (Uhlelo Lokuxhumana Lokushintshana Ngezithombe) | Lena futhi indlela ebonakalayo. Kodwa lapha, esikhundleni sezithombe, kusetshenziswa izimpawu ezikhethekile. Ngalezi zimpawu, ingane ifunda ukubuza imibuzo nokucela lokho ekufunayo. |
| Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi | Lokhu kwelashwa kufundisa ingane amakhono okuphila njengokuthi idla kanjani, igqoke kanjani, futhi izigeze kanjani. Umgomo uwukusiza ingane iphile ngokuzimela ngangokunokwenzeka. |
| Ukwelashwa Kokuhlanganiswa Kwezinzwa | Ezinye izingane azithandi ukukhanya okukhanyayo, imisindo ethile, noma ukuthintwa, futhi ziyakhathazeka. Lokhu kwelashwa kuzisiza ukuthi zibhekane futhi zibekezelele ulwazi olunjalo lwezinzwa. |
Ukusekelwa Okuvela Emithini
Into yokuqala okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ayikho ikhambi le-autism, futhi ayikho imithi ethile ye-autism.
Ngakho-ke, kungani odokotela benikeza imithi? Imithi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ezinye izinkinga ezingase zenzeke nge-autism. Isibonelo, intukuthelo eyeqile kanye nokuziphatha okunolaka okwenziwa ezinye izingane, ukungakwazi ukulala, njll.Imithi ingasiza ekulawuleni izimo ezifana nokuphazamiseka kokunaka, ukuquleka, noma ukucindezeleka.
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi imiphumela iphumelela kakhulu uma imithi inikezwa kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla.
Njengamanje, i-FDA e-United States ivumile izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zemithi yezingane ezine-autism.
1. I-Risperidone (i-Risperdal): Lokhu kunqunyelwe ukunciphisa intukuthelo enkulu kanye nolaka ezinganeni ezineminyaka ephakathi kwemi-5 neyi-16.
2. I-Aripiprazole (Abilify): Lo muthi unganikezwa izingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kuka-6 no-17.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bangase banikeze eminye imithi (isib. ama-SSRI, imithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka), kodwa ayivunyelwe ngokuqondile i-autism.
Ngakho-ke, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi udokotela wakho kuphela okufanele anqume ukuthi ingane yakho iyayidinga yini imithi, futhi uma kunjalo, ukuthi uzoyinika ini. Ungalokothi unike ingane yakho noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
Masiqaphele Nokudla Okunomsoco
Ochwepheshe abakancomi ukudla okuthile kwezingane ezine-autism, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingane ithole ukudla okunempilo.
Abanye abazali bazama ukususa imikhiqizo kakolweni equkethe i-gluten kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi equkethe i-casein ekudleni kwezingane zabo ukuze babone ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka yini. Kodwa-ke, akukho ucwaningo lwesayensi oluye lwafakazela ukuthi ukususa lokhu kudla kunikeza intuthuko ecacile ezimpawini ze-autism.
Eqinisweni, ukukhawulela izinto ezifana nobisi kungancisha ingane izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwamathambo futhi kwenze amathambo ayo abe buthaka. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi izingane ezine-autism zivame ukuba namathambo amancane kancane kunezingane ezivamile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuzinika ukudla okucebile nge-calcium, okuqinisa amathambo.
Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubonisana nochwepheshe wezokudla noma wezokudla ukuze udale uhlelo lokudla olunempilo oluhambisana nezidingo zengane yakho. Ngemuva kwalokho ungaqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola zonke izakhamzimba ezidingayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Autism ayisona isifo, kodwa yisimo esingalawulwa ngokwelashwa. Ungakhathazeki, kunezindlela eziningi zokusiza ingane yakho.
- Ingane ngayinye ihlukile, ngakho uhlelo lokwelashwa luzohluka kuye ngengane. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ukhethe ukuthi yini esebenza kahle kakhulu enganeni yakho.
- Izindlela zokwelapha zokuziphatha kanye nokuxhumana yizona zindlela eziyinhloko zokwelapha. Lezi zinikeza ukwesekwa okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhono engane.
- Akukho muthi othize we-autism. Umuthi unikezwa kuphela ukulawula ezinye izimpawu ezihlobene (njengokuthukuthela, ukuqwasha). Unganiki noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
- Ungazami ukudla okungaqiniseki (njengokudla okungenagluten). Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma isazi sokudla okunempilo mayelana nokudla okulinganiselayo.
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