Ingabe ingane yakho inenkinga yokuhlala ingashukumi? Ingabe ihlala igijima, igxuma, ishaya indiva imiyalelo, noma ilwela ukugxila emsebenzini wesikole? Njengomzali, lezi zindlela zokuziphatha zingakushiya ukhathazekile noma ungenalusizo. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi i-ADHD , noma i-attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder. Kodwa-ke, into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyiqonde ukuthi i-ADHD ayivamile ukwenzeka yodwa. Ivame ukuhambisana nezinye izinselele zempilo yengqondo noma zokuziphatha. Uma lezi zimo ezihambisanayo zikhona, siyibiza ngokuthi i-Complex ADHD .
Yini eyenza i-ADHD ibe “yi-Complex”?
Kalula nje, uma ingane itholakala ine-ADHD futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ibhekana nesimo sempilo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu, ihlukaniswa njenge-Complex ADHD. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izingane ezimbili kwezintathu ezine-ADHD zibhekana nesimo esisodwa okungenani esihambisanayo. Lokhu kungenza kokubili ukuqonda izidingo zengane yakho kanye nokunikeza ukunakekelwa okusebenzayo kube nzima kakhulu.
Ake sibheke izimo ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-ADHD.
| Isimo esihambisana ne-ADHD | Incazelo Elula |
|---|---|
| Isifo Sokuphikisa Esiphikisayo (ODD) | Ukuziphatha okufana nokuphikisana njalo nabantu abadala, ukungalaleli imithetho, ukuhlupha abanye ngamabomu, kanye nokucasuka njalo. |
| Isifo Sokukhathazeka | Ukwesaba okuqhubekayo, okweqile noma ukukhathazeka ngekusasa, abantu, noma bona ngokwabo. |
| Ukucindezeleka | Ukudabuka noma ukuphelelwa yithemba isikhathi eside, okuvame ukuholela ekulahlekelweni yisithakazelo emisebenzini ababeyijabulela ngaphambilini. |
| Izinkinga ze-Autism Spectrum | Ubunzima bokuxhumana kanye nokuxhumana nabantu, okuvame ukuhambisana nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe. |
| Ukukhubazeka Kwengqondo | Izinselele zokucabanga, ukuxazulula izinkinga, kanye nokuzinakekela eziwela ngaphansi kobubanzi obulindelwe ubudala. |
| I-Tics/Tourette Syndrome | Ukunyakaza komzimba okuphindaphindiwe okungahleliwe (njengokucwayiza noma ukudlikiza izitho zomzimba) noma imisindo yezwi. |
| Inkinga Yokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa | Ikakhulukazi entsheni, ukungazimiseli okuhlobene ne-ADHD kungandisa ingozi yokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa. |
Ukuqaphela Izimpawu Nokugwema Ukudideka
Kuvamile ukuthi ingane ngayinye ibe namandla noma iphazamiseke ngezinye izikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ezinganeni ezine-ADHD, lezi zici zidlula kakhulu ukudlala okuvamile. Lezi zici zithinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwazo kwezemfundo, impilo yomndeni, kanye nobudlelwano bezenhlalo.
Izimpawu ezivamile ze-ADHD zifaka:
- Ukukhuluma ngokweqile.
- Ubunzima bokuhlala unganyakazi noma ukugcina ukugxila.
- Ukungezwani okuvamile nontanga noma abantu abadala.
- Ukukhohlwa njalo noma ukubeka izinto endaweni engeyiyo.
- Ukwenza ngaphandle kokucabanga ( ukungacabangi ).
- Ukwenza amaphutha aphindaphindwayo, anganaki.
Inselele iwukuthi izimpawu zezimo okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla zivame ukufana ne-ADHD, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlonza ngokunembile.
Isibonelo, uma ingane inenkinga esikoleni, kungaba ngenxa yokunganaki okubangelwa yi-ADHD noma esinye isifo sokufunda. Ngokufanayo, uma ingane ivame ukuthukuthela noma ukwenza izinto ngendlela ehlukile, kungaba uphawu lwe-ADHD noma uphawu lwe-ODD.
Kutholakala kanjani?
Akukho "ukuhlolwa" okukodwa kwe-ADHD Eyinkimbinkimbi—akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuskena. Uma ubona lezi zimpawu enganeni yakho, isinyathelo esingcono kakhulu ukubonisana nochwepheshe onolwazi oluthile ezimweni zokuthuthukiswa kwezinzwa.
Ochwepheshe abanjalo bahlanganisa:
- Odokotela Bezifo Zengqondo Bezingane
- Izazi Zengqondo Zezingane
- Odokotela Bezingane Abathuthukayo
Uchwepheshe wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele, axoxe nawe ngokuziphatha kwengane yakho kanye nomlando wempilo yayo. Bangasebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlola ajwayelekile ukuhlola i-ADHD kanye nezimo ezihambisana nayo. Umbono wakho, kanye nokubona okuvela kothisha nalabo abamazi kangcono ingane yakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ekudwebeni isithombe esinembile sendlela lezi zimpawu ezithinta ngayo impilo yayo yansuku zonke.
Izinketho Zokwelapha
Ukuphatha i-ADHD Eyinkimbinkimbi kuwumzamo weqembu. Akekho udokotela oyedwa ongakwazi ukuyisingatha eyedwa; kunalokho, ochwepheshe abahlukahlukene basebenza ndawonye ukudala uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nezidingo ezihlukile zengane yakho.
Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuqala ngokubeka phambili isimo esibangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu empilweni yengane , kungaba yi-ADHD, i-ODD, noma ukukhathazeka. Izinhlelo zokwelapha zivame ukufaka inhlanganisela yalokhu okulandelayo:
1. Imithi
Akuwona wonke umntwana odinga imithi, kodwa kwabaningi, iyisici esibalulekile sohlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo noluphelele.
- Imithi yokuvuselela: ` Methylphenidate` (isib., Ritalin, Concerta) kanye ` Amphetamine` (isib., Adderall ) zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuphatheni izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-ADHD njengokunganaki, ukusebenza ngokweqile , kanye nokungacabangi. Le mithi ingasiza ngezinye izikhathi ekubhekaneni nezimpawu ezihlobene ne-ODD.
- Ama-Antidepressants: Uma ingane yakho inenkinga yokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka, le mithi ingasetshenziswa kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, yonke imithi kumele inikezwe udokotela ochwepheshe futhi iphathwe ngokucophelela.
2. Ukusekelwa Kwengqondo Nezenhlalo
Lokhu kuhilela amasu okuziphatha nawokufundisa aklanyelwe ukusiza ingane yakho ukuba ikwazi ukuphila impilo yansuku zonke ngempumelelo.
- Imfundo Yengqondo: Sikunikeza wena nengane yakho ukuqonda okucacile ngalesi simo kanye nezinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo.
- Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha: Lokhu kusiza ingane yakho ukuthi ibone, iqonde, futhi ilawule imizwa yayo kanye nokuziphatha kwayo.
- Ukuqeqeshwa Kwamakhono Okuhlela: Sifundisa ingane yakho indlela yokuhlela imisebenzi yayo nokuphatha imisebenzi yayo yansuku zonke ngempumelelo.
- Ukuqeqeshwa Kwamakhono Okuxhumana Nomphakathi: Lokhu kunikeza isiqondiso sendlela yokukhulumisana ngempumelelo, ukwakha ubungane, kanye nokubhekana nezimo zomphakathi ngendlela efanele.
3. Amasu Esikole
Othisha badlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni ingane yakho. Amasu afana nokubonisa imithetho yekilasi ngokucacile, ukunikeza ukuqiniswa okuhle kokuziphatha okuhle, nokugcina imiphumela eqhubekayo yokwephula imithetho kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphathwa kwekilasi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izingane zingazuza kuHlelo Lwemfundo Yomuntu Ngamunye (i-IEP) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zazo zemfundo ziyahlangatshezwa.
4. Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabazali
Uyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yalolu hambo. Ukuthola ukuqeqeshwa kokuthi ungaphatha kanjani ukuziphatha kwengane yakho kubalulekile. Lezi zinhlelo zizokusiza ufunde ukuthi:
- Lawula ukuziphatha okunzima ekhaya, esikoleni, nasezindaweni zomphakathi.
- Misa imithetho yasekhaya engaguquguquki kanye nesimiso sansuku zonke esihlelekile.
- Sebenzisa ukuqinisa okuhle ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle (isib., ukuqeda imisebenzi yasekhaya noma ukuxazulula izingxabano nezingane zakini ngokuthula).
- Sebenzisa imiphumela efanele nehambisanayo uma kwenzeka amaphutha.
Ikusasa liphetheni?
Ukwelapha i-ADHD eyinkimbinkimbi kuyisibopho sesikhathi eside. Kwabanye abantwana, izimpawu zingase ziqhubeke kuze kube yilapho sebekhulile, ziveze izinselele ezingokomzwelo, zenhlalo, kanye nezemfundo eziqhubekayo.
Nokho, izindaba ezinhle kakhulu ukuthi ngokusekelwa okuqhubekayo nokufanele, ingane yakho ingafunda ukubhekana nalezi zinselele ngempumelelo. Ngokuqapha nokulungisa amasu okwelapha kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula kwengane yakho, uyinikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuchuma esikoleni nangale kwalokho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ADHD eyinkimbinkimbi ibhekisela ekubeni khona kwe-ADHD kanye nesimo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu semizwa noma sokuziphatha.
- Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zingafana, ukuxilongwa kungaba yinselele; ukubonisana nochwepheshe kubalulekile.
- Ukwelashwa kuwumzamo weqembu ohilela imithi, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha, ukwesekwa kwesikole, kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwabazali ngenkuthalo.
- Nakuba kuwuhambo olude, ngokusekelwa okuzinikele okuvela eNirogi Lanka kanye nethimba lakho lezokwelapha, ingane yakho ingaphila impilo ephumelelayo neyanelisayo.
- Uma unenkinga ngokuziphatha kwengane yakho, sicela uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
