Ingabe ingane yakho ihlala igijima, igxuma, ayilaleli lokho okushoyo, ayinaki umsebenzi wesikole? Njengomzali, ungase uzizwe ukhathazekile futhi mhlawumbe ungenalusizo ngenxa yalezi zinto. Ngokwezokwelapha lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi
i-ADHD , okusho ukuthi
i-Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder. Kodwa into ebalulekile ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo se-ADHD asizi sodwa. Kungase kube nezinye izinkinga zengqondo noma zokuziphatha ezihambisana naso. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi
i-complex ADHD .
I-ADHD "iyinkimbinkimbi" kanjani?
Kalula nje, uma ingane itholakala ine-ADHD futhi inesinye isimo noma ngaphezulu, siyibiza ngokuthi i-ADHD eyenzeka kanyekanye. Eqinisweni, izifundo zithole ukuthi cishe
izingane ezimbili kwezintathu ezine-ADHD zinesinye isimo okungenani esisodwa. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuqonda nokwelapha ingane yakho. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinye izimo ezivame ukubonakala nge-ADHD.
| Isimo esingenzeka nge-ADHD | Ukuchaza kalula... |
|---|
| Isifo Sokuphikisa Esiphikisayo (ODD) | Ukuziphatha okufana nokuphikisana njalo nabantu abadala, ukwenza okuphambene nemithetho, ukukhathaza abanye ngamabomu, nokuthukuthela ngokushesha. |
| Isifo Sokukhathazeka | Ukuzizwa ukwesaba nokukhathazeka ngokungadingekile. Ukuzizwa ukwesaba njalo ngekusasa, ngabantu, ngawe. |
| Ukucindezeleka | Ukuzizwa udabukile futhi ucindezelekile isikhathi eside. Ukulahlekelwa isithakazelo ezintweni obuzijabulela. |
| Izinkinga ze-Autism Spectrum | Ubunzima bokuxhumana nabanye, ukugcina ubudlelwano bomphakathi, nokuphindaphinda izinto ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe. |
| Ukukhubazeka Kwengqondo | Ukuntuleka kwamakhono okucabanga afanele iminyaka, amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga, kanye nomsebenzi wokuzimela. |
| I-Tics/Tourette Syndrome | Ukunyakazisa izingxenye zomzimba ngokuphindaphindiwe (isib., amehlo, izandla) noma ukwenza imisindo abangakwazi ukuyilawula. |
| Inkinga Yokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa | Ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane ezincane, kunengozi enkulu yokuphendukela ezidakamizweni ngenxa yokungalawuleki okubangelwa yi-ADHD. |
Indlela izimpawu ezihlangana ngayo nokuthi ungazibona kanjani
Noma yimuphi umntwana uyaguquguquka futhi uba nobunzima bokunaka ngezinye izikhathi. Kodwa ku-ADHD, lezi zimpawu zidlula ukuguquguquka okuvamile.
Zingaba nomthelela omkhulu emsebenzini wesikole wengane, empilweni yasekhaya, kanye nobudlelwano nabangane. Izimpawu ezivamile ezingabonakala enganeni ene-ADHD zifaka:
- Ukukhuluma kakhulu.
- Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa futhi unake.
- Zibangela izinkinga kwabanye abantwana kanye nabantu abadala.
- Izinto zihlala zikhohliwe futhi zilahleka.
- Ukuthatha izinyathelo eziyingozi ngaphandle kokucabanga ( ukungacabangi ).
- Ngihlala ngenza amaphutha amancane.
Inkinga ukuthi izimpawu zezinye izimo esixoxe ngazo ngenhla zifana kakhulu nalezi zimpawu ze-ADHD, ngakho kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwazo.
Isibonelo, uma ingane yenza kabi esikoleni, kungaba ngenxa yesifo sokungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo (ADHD), noma kungaba ukukhubazeka kokufunda. Ngokufanayo, uma ingane ihlale ithukuthele futhi ilwa, kungaba uphawu lwe-ADHD, noma kungaba uphawu lwe-ODD.
Ungasithola kanjani lesi simo ngokunembile?
Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa kokuxilonga i-ADHD eyinkimbinkimbi. Akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuskena. Uma ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona uchwepheshe onokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile nolwazi kulezi zimo. Bangobani laba ochwepheshe?
Lochwepheshe uzobuza wena nomntwana wakho ngokuziphatha kwengane yakho kanye nomlando wempilo yayo. Bazosebenzisa nemibuzo ekhethekile kanye nokuhlolwa okuklanyelwe ukuxilonga i-ADHD nezinye izimo ezihlobene nayo.
Ulwazi oluvela kuwe, kothisha bengane yakho, kanye nabanye abamazi kahle ingane yakho lubaluleke kakhulu lapha. Uyazi kangcono ukuthi lesi simo sithinta kanjani impilo yansuku zonke yengane yakho.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Ukwelapha ingane ene-ADHD eyinkimbinkimbi kuwumzamo weqembu. Akunakwenziwa udokotela oyedwa eyedwa. Ochwepheshe abahlukahlukene basebenza ndawonye ukudala uhlelo lokwelapha olubhekana nezidingo ezihlukile zengane. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuqala
ngesimo esibangela izinkinga eziningi enganeni. Kungaba yi-ADHD, noma kungaba esinye isimo, njenge-ODD noma ukukhathazeka. Uhlelo lokwelapha luvame ukuhilela inhlanganisela yalezi zinto.
1. Imithi
Akuwona wonke umntwana odinga imithi, kodwa kwabanye abantwana, imithi iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yohlelo lokwelashwa.
- Imithi Yokuvuselela: Imithi efana ne- 'Methylphenidate ' (isib. i-Ritalin, i-Concerta) kanye ne- 'Amphetamine ' (isib. i-Adderall ) iyasiza kakhulu ekulawuleni izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-ADHD, okuwukunganaki, ukusebenza ngokweqile , kanye nokungasheshi. Le mithi ingasiza ngezinye izikhathi ngezimpawu ze-ODD.
- Ama-antidepressant: Uma unezimo ezifana nokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka, le mithi ingasetshenziswa kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi yonke le mithi kufanele inikezwe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe .
2. Ukusekelwa Kwengqondo Nezenhlalo
Lokhu kubhekisela ekwelashweni kokuziphatha nokufundisa okusiza ingane ukuthi isebenze kahle empilweni yansuku zonke.
- Ukunikeza ukuqonda: Ingane nomndeni banikezwa ukuqonda okucacile ngesimo kanye nokwelashwa.
- Ukwelapha Ukuziphatha: Kufundisa ingane ukuqonda nokulawula imizwa yayo kanye nokuziphatha kwayo.
- Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okuhlela: Kusiza ingane ukuhlela umsebenzi wayo nezinto zayo.
- Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okuxhumana nabantu: Ukuqeqeshwa kunikezwa ngendlela yokukhulumisana kahle nabanye, ukwenza abangane, kanye nokuziphatha emphakathini.
3. Amasu Esikole
Kunezinto eziningi othisha abangazenza ukusiza laba bantwana. Bangasiza ekulawuleni ukuziphatha kwengane yabo ngokubonisa imithetho yekilasi ngokucacile, babancome lapho beziphatha kahle, futhi bakhulume ngokucacile ngemiphumela yokuziphatha kabi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwabanye abantwana, isikole singakha into efana
noHlelo Lwemfundo Yomuntu Ngamunye (IEP) .
4. Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabazali
Ungumuntu obaluleke kakhulu kulolu hambo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uthole ukuqeqeshwa kokuthi ungayiphatha kanjani indlela yokuziphatha kwengane yakho. Ungafunda izinto ezilandelayo kulezi zinhlelo:
- Indlela yokuphatha ukuziphatha kwengane yakho okuyinkinga ekhaya, esikoleni, nasemphakathini.
- Indlela yokudala isethi yemithetho eqinile kanye nezinqubo ekhaya.
- Indlela yokuncoma nokukhuthaza ingane yakho ngendlela eyakhayo uma yenza okuthile okuhle (isib. ukwenza umsebenzi wesikole, ukungalwi nomfowabo) (Ukuqinisa Okuhle) .
- Uma wenza iphutha, ungalinika kanjani imiphumela efanele.
Yini esingayilindela esikhathini esizayo?
Ukwelapha i-ADHD eyinkimbinkimbi kuwuhambo olude. Ezinye izingane azikhuli ngokuphelele kulezi zimo njengoba zikhula. Zingase ziqhubeke nokubhekana nezinselele ezingokomzwelo, zenhlalo, nezokufunda njengoba sezikhulile. Kodwa
izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokusekelwa okufanele nokuqhubekayo, lezi zingane zingafunda ukuphila nalezi zinselele. Ngokuqapha uhlelo lokwelashwa ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhula kwengane, ukululungisa njengoba kudingeka, nokunikeza ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo, ingane inethuba elikhulu lokuphumelela esikoleni nangale kwalokho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ADHD eyinkimbinkimbi ukuba khona ndawonye kwe-ADHD kanye nenye noma ezinye izinkinga zengqondo noma zokuziphatha.
- Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ziyafana, ukuthola lesi simo kuyinselele futhi kudinga usizo lochwepheshe.
- Ukwelashwa kuwumzamo weqembu. Kuhlanganisa imithi, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha, ukwesekwa kwesikole, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwabazali.
- Nakuba lolu uhambo olude, ngokusekelwa okuqhubekayo nokufanelekile, ingane yakho ingaphila impilo ephumelelayo.
- Uma unokungabaza noma ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha kwengane yakho, sicela ukhulume nodokotela wakho.
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