Ingabe kunzima ngengane yakho noma ilungu lomndeni ukuveza imicabango nemizwa yalo? Ingabe ukhathazekile ngomuntu one-autism enzima noma esinye isici sokukhuluma? Uma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi " ukuxhumana okwenziwa lula" okuthiwa isiza laba bantu. Ibizwa nangokuthi "ukuthayipha okusekelwayo." Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini ngempela le ndlela, nokuthi inenzuzo noma iyingozi.
Kuyini "Ukuxhumana Okulula" (FC)?
Kalula nje, i-Facilitated Communication (FC) inqubo yokusiza umuntu ongakwazi ukukhuluma, ngokusekelwa ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo komunye umuntu (umsizi), ukuthi aveze imizwa yakhe esebenzisa idivayisi. Le divayisi ingaba ikhibhodi yekhompyutha, i-smartphone, noma ibhodi eliphrintiwe.
Le ndlela yaqala ukwenziwa e-Australia naseDenmark ngawo-1970. Ngaleso sikhathi, yethulwa ukusiza abantu abane-cerebral palsy. Kamuva, e-Australia, le ndlela yasetshenziswa nakubantu abane-autism.
"Umgqugquzeli" ubaluleke kakhulu kule ndlela. Nguye onikeza umuntu isikhuthazo sengqondo kanye nokusekelwa okuncane ngokomzimba. Lapho enikeza lokhu kusekelwa, umgqugquzeli kuthiwa unaka izinto ezifana nesimo somzimba womuntu kanye nokuxhumana kwamehlo. Ngokuvamile, umgqugquzeli unikeza ukwesekwa okuncane kakhulu, njengokusunduza isandla kancane. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, uma kudingeka ukwesekwa okwengeziwe, umgqugquzeli uzobamba isandla noma ingqiniba yomuntu bese emsiza ukuthi athayiphe kukhibhodi.
Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwalokhu?
Uma uyibheka okokuqala, le ndlela ingase ibonakale inezinzuzo eziningana. Ikakhulukazi, labo abasekela le ndlela baveza ukuthi inzuzo enkulu ukuthi inikeza umuntu ongakwazi ukukhuluma ithuba lokuziveza. Kodwa-ke, kunempikiswano enkulu ezungeze le ndlela. Uma kuqhathaniswa nobufakazi besayensi, izinkinga nezingozi zale ndlela zinkulu kakhulu kunezinzuzo ezisolwayo.
Ake sibheke leli thebula ukuze siqonde lezi zinto ngokucacile.
| Izinzuzo Ezishiwoyo | Izinkinga Ezinkulu Nezingozi Zangempela |
|---|---|
| Labo abangakwazi ukukhuluma bathola ithuba lokuveza imibono yabo. | Abukho ubufakazi besayensi: Abukho ubufakazi obuthembekile bokufakazela ukuthi ikhono lokukhulumisana ngokuzimela liyathuthuka ngale ndlela. |
| Ukwazi ukubhala imisho ephelele nenenjongo. | Ithonya lomsizi: Izifundo eziningi zikhombisile ukuthi umyalezo obhaliwe awuveli esigulini, kodwa uvela kumsizi . Umsizi angabhala nalokho okusengqondweni yakhe ngaphandle kokuqaphela. |
| Uzokwazi ukuphendula imibuzo mayelana nezidingo zakho. | Ukulahlekelwa ukuzimela: Ngisho noma umuntu engakwazi ukuthuthukisa amakhono akhe okuxhumana kancane kancane, le ndlela ingamenza angasebenzi futhi athembele kwabanye. |
| Kuyasiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono amahle okunyakaza kwezandla. | Ukwephulwa kobumfihlo: Intando yesiguli, ubumfihlo, kanye nokuziveza kungaphazamiseka ngale ndlela, njengoba imibono yomunye umuntu ivezwa egameni lakhe. |
| Ungaxhumana nabanye. | Isiphetho esiyiphutha: Lapho umsizi ebhala imisho eyinkimbinkimbi engazi, angase acabange ngephutha ukuthi amakhono esiguli athuthukile bese emdlulisela ezindleleni zemfundo ezingafanele yena. |
Iqiniso lesayensi: Ingabe lokhu kuyasebenza ngempela?
Impendulo emfushane yalo mbuzo ithi "cha." Ukuxhumana Okulungiselelwayo kubhekwa njengendlela engafanele eye yalahlwa cishe ngokuphelele umphakathi wesayensi.
Izinhlangano eziningi zezempilo ezihamba phambili emhlabeni, izikhungo zemfundo, kanye namaqembu okukhuthaza i-autism awayisekeli le ndlela. Isibonelo, izinhlangano eziqashelwayo njenge-American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) kanye ne-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) zincome ngokucacile ukuthi le ndlela ayisetshenziswa.
Ezifundweni ezilawulwayo ezenziwe ochwepheshe, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi abanye abantu abasebenzisa indlela ye-FC ababheki ngisho nekhibhodi uma bethi bayathayipha. Lokhu kwandisa ukusola ukuthi umsizi ulawula umlayezo.
Cabanga nje ukube umuntu obambe isandla sengane yakho, ingane ingazi, ubengabhala okuthile okusengqondweni yakhe? Bekungeke kube yimizwa yengane. Lena inkinga enkulu neyingozi kakhulu ngalolu hlelo.
Zikhona yini ezinye izindlela?
Yebo, zikhona. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuxhumana ezingcono neziphumelelayo zokuxhumana (AAC) ezifakazelwe ngokwesayensi neziphumelelayo zokusiza abantu abane-autism nezinye izinkinga zokukhuluma. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izindlela ezifana ne-Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile, namadivayisi ezobuchwepheshe. Ukuxhumana Okulula akuyona enye yalezi zindlela ezifakazelwe. Ngakho-ke, ungadidanisi lezi zindlela ezimbili.
Ngakho-ke kufanele senzeni?
Uma othandekayo wakho enenkinga yokuxhumana, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukufuna iseluleko kudokotela oqeqeshiwe noma kuchwepheshe wolimi lokukhuluma, kunokuba usebenzise izindlela ezinjalo eziphikisanayo nezingenabufakazi.
Bazohlola ngokunembile isimo sengane yakho noma selungu lomndeni futhi basikisele indlela yokuxhumana efanelekile, eyamukelekayo ngokwesayensi, nephephile kubo.
Ngezinye izikhathi, uzwa izindaba ezinjengokuthi "Lokhu kwenze ingane yethu yakhuluma." Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka iqiniso lesayensi elingemuva kwazo zonke lezo zindaba. Ngoba isinqumo esingalungile esisenzayo ngenxa yokungazi singalimaza kakhulu izimpilo zabathandekayo bethu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Facilitated Communication (FC) iyindlela engavumelekile ngokwesayensi, eyenqatshwayo. Izinhlangano eziningi zezempilo ezinkulu emhlabeni aziyincomi.
- Kunobufakazi obuqinile bokuthi imiyalezo ethayiphwe ngale ndlela ivame ukuvela kumsizi, hhayi esigulini.Lokhu kungenzeka ngaphandle kokuthi umsizi azi.
- Uhlelo lwe-FC lungalimaza ukuzimela komuntu, ubumfihlo bakhe, kanye nelungelo lakhe lokuveza imibono yakhe yangempela.
- Uma ingane yakho noma ilungu lomndeni wakho linezinkinga zokuxhumana , hlala ucela iseluleko kudokotela wakho noma kuchwepheshe wezokukhuluma. Bazophakamisa izindlela eziqinisekisiwe ngokwesayensi neziphephile.
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