Amagundane avame kakhulu emakhaya ethu, akunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi asizinaki kakhulu lezi zilwane. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi lezi zidalwa ezincane zingasibangela izifo ezinkulu? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esidluliselwa yizilwane ezifana namagundane futhi esingathinta ngisho nesimiso sethu sezinzwa. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis, noma i-LCM ngamafuphi.
Kalula nje, iyini le LCM?
Lesi yisifo esibangelwa yigciwane. Leli gciwane (igciwane le-LCM) uhlobo lwe-`(igciwane le-RNA)`. Ngokuvamile liqala ukuthelela izilwane ezifana namagundane, ama-hamster, kanye nezingulube ze-Guinea. Igundane elivamile (`i-Mus musculus`) esilithola emakhaya ethu liyimthwali oyinhloko waleli gciwane. Cabanga nje, yize lezi zilwane zinegciwane, zivame ukubonakala ziphilile. Ezinye izilwane zinegciwane emizimbeni yazo impilo yazo yonke ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu zokugula. Lokho kusho ukuthi zingasakaza lesi sifo uma nje zisaphila.
Sithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Lena into ebaluleke kakhulu. Igciwane lingatholakala
emchameni, ematheni, endle, nakwezinye izinto ezinazo isilwane esinalesi sifo . Manje cabanga, uma uhlanza indlu yakho futhi ususa indle yegundane, uma unenxeba elincane esandleni sakho, igciwane lingangena emzimbeni wakho ngalokho. Futhi, uma uthinta amehlo akho, impumulo, noma umlomo ngezandla zakho ezithinte lezi zinto ezingcolile, ungangenwa yileli gciwane ngalokho. Uma ulunywa yisilwane, lokho nakho kuyingozi.
Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi lesi sifo asivamile ukudluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye . Ngakho-ke noma ngabe uthola lesi sifo , umndeni wakho noma labo abasemsebenzini abanakho ukwesaba.
Kodwa-ke, kunendawo
eyodwa lapho kudingeka siqaphele khona kakhulu . Uma umama okhulelwe ethola lokhu kutheleleka, igciwane lingadluliselwa enganeni esibelethweni nge-placenta. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu enganeni. Esimweni esinjalo, ingane ingaba nezinkinga ezifana nalezi:
- I-Congenital hydrocephalus: Lokhu kungabangela ikhanda lengane ukuba libe likhulu ngendlela engavamile.
- Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ngenxa yokukhula kobuchopho
- Ukulimala kwamehlo (i-Chorioretinitis): I-retina kanye nezakhiwo zangaphakathi zeso kungalimala.
- Ikhanda elincane ngendlela engavamile (i-Microcephaly): Lesi simo senzeka lapho ubuchopho bungakhuli kahle esibelethweni.
- Ukukhubazeka kokubona
Futhi, leli gciwane lingadluliselwa ngesikhathi sokufakelwa izitho zomzimba.
Yiziphi izimpawu lapho abantu bekuthola?
Abantu abaningi (cishe u-5% wabantu) abachayeke kuleli gciwane ababonisi zimpawu. Uma isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela siqinile, ungase ungaboni nokuthi uyagula. Kodwa-ke, kungaba kubi kakhulu kubantu abanesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka, njengabesifazane abakhulelwe. Uma kuvela izimpawu, zivame ukuvela phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-8 no-13 ngemva kokuchayeka kuleli gciwane. Lesi sifo sibangelwa yi
-biphasic . Lokhu kusho ukuthi isigaba sokuqala sezimpawu sivela, siphele izinsuku ezimbalwa, bese isigaba sesibili siqala futhi.
| Isigaba sesifo | Izimpawu okufanele uzilindele |
|---|
| Isigaba 1 ( sithatha cishe isonto) | Umkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, ukuphelelwa yisifiso sokudla, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza. Abanye abantu bangase babe nomphimbo obuhlungu, ukukhwehlela, ubuhlungu besifuba, kanye nobuhlungu bamalunga. |
| Isigaba sesi-2 (esithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa) | Lesi yisigaba lapho lesi simo siba sibi kakhulu. Singabangela i-meningitis noma i-encephalitis. • I-Meningitis: Umkhuhlane omkhulu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, intamo eqinile. • I-Encephalitis: Ukudideka, ukozela, ukukhubazeka. Ngezinye izikhathi umgogodla uyathinteka (i-myelitis), okubangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha nokulahlekelwa ukwazi. |
Leli gciwane alibulali ngqo amangqamuzana obuchopho. Kodwa-ke, lapho amasosha omzimba ethu esabela kulo, inani elikhulu lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi liqoqana ebuchosheni. Amakhemikhali akhiqizayo angabangela ukuvuvukala nomonakalo ebuchosheni kanye nasezingxeni ezimboza ubuchopho (ama-meninges). Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi umuntu ophilile angalulama ngokuphelele kulokhu. Izinga lokufa lingaphansi kuka-1%. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yisiphi isifo esithinta isimiso sezinzwa, abanye abantu bangaba nezinkinga zesikhathi eside (isib., ukungezwa, isifo samathambo) ngemva kokululama.
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Uma unezilwane ezifuywayo ezifana namagundane, noma uma uhlala endaweni lapho kukhona khona amagundane, futhi unezimpawu esikhulume ngazo,
Qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimpawu zifana nezinye izifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane, udokotela wakho kungadingeka enze izivivinyo eziningana ukuze athole ukuxilongwa okunembile.- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ( Inani Eligcwele Legazi ): Lokhu kungabonisa ukwehla kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (i-leukopenia) kanye nokwehla kwama-platelet egazi (i-thrombocytopenia).
- Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwesibindi: Amazinga e-enzyme yesibindi angase akhuphuke.
- Ucwaningo Lokuthinta Umgogodla/i-CSF: Lolu vivinyo luhlola ukwanda kwamaseli amhlophe egazi kanye namazinga eglucose anciphile ku-cerebrospinal fluid.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwama-Antibody : Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka ama-antibodies athile aleli gciwane egazini kanye noketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR: Lokhu kungabona ngokunembile ukuba khona kwezinto zofuzo (i-polymerase chain reaction - PCR) yegciwane.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Uma unesifo esincane, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ukwelashwa ekhaya. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukunikeza imithi yokulawula izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, nokuhlanza. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa okusekelayo . Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo esibucayi njenge-meningitis noma i-encephalitis, kuzodingeka ulaliswe esibhedlela . Ngezinye izikhathi, ezimweni ze-hydrocephalus ebukhali, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi. Okwamanje akukho muthi wokulwa namagciwane okhethekile walesi simo onconywa abantu. Nakuba umuthi i-ribavirin uboniswe ukuthi uyasebenza ezivivinyweni zelebhu, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi uyasebenza kubantu. Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ungasinda kanjani kulokhu?
Ukuvimbela kungcono njalo kunokwelapha. Kunezinto ezilula ongazenza ukuze uzivikele kulesi sifo esiyingozi.- Vimbela amagundane ukuthi angangeni endlini yakho: Vala noma yiziphi izimbobo ekhaya lakho, njengemifantu ezindongeni nasezimfantwini, lapho amagundane angangena khona.
- Ukuhlanzeka: Gqoka amagilavu njalo lapho uhlanza izindawo lapho kuhlala khona amagundane nalapho kukhona khona indle yawo. Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho ngemva kokuhlanza.
- Nakekela izilwane zakho ezifuywayo: Uma une-hamster noma enye igundane, gcina amakheji azo ehlanzekile. Uma uhlanza amakheji, kwenze ngaphandle noma endaweni enomoya omuhle.
- Hlala kude nezilwane zasendle: Gwema ukuthintana namagundane asendle.
- Indlela yokuthanda izilwane zakho ezifuywayo: Gwema ukuqabula noma ukubamba igundane noma i-hamster yakho eduze kobuso bakho.
Abantu abasengozini enkulu kufanele bagweme ukuphatha amagundane ngokuphelele: abesifazane abakhulelwe, labo abahlela ukukhulelwa maduze, kanye nalabo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ngenxa yezifo ezifana nomdlavuza, i-HIV, noma eminye imithi. Kungcono ukuba nomunye umuntu endlini onakekela izilwane zakho ezifuywayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-LCM isifo esibangelwa yigciwane esidluliselwa ngendle nomchamo wezilwane ezifana namagundane.
- Nakuba abantu abaningi bengenazo izimpawu, abanye bangase babe nomkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, umkhuhlane wobuchopho ungavela.
- Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu komama abakhulelwe , njengoba kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu enganeni engakazalwa.
- Ukuvimbela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwamagundane. Kubalulekile ukulawula amagundane ekhaya nokugcina inhlanzeko.
- Uma izimpawu zivela ngemva kokuchayeka emagundwini, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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