Mwina mwamvapo dzina lakuti bipolar disorder . Koma si kusintha kwa maganizo kokha. Ndi matenda omwe ali ndi matenda enaake komanso chithandizo chake. Koma kodi mukudziwa momwe lingaliro la matendawa lomwe timalitcha lerolino linayambira? Pali nkhani yosangalatsa kwambiri kumbuyo kwake yomwe inayamba zaka masauzande ambiri zapitazo. Tiyeni tikambirane pang'ono za nkhaniyi lero.
Malingaliro ochokera kalekale kwambiri
Nkhaniyi imayambira ku Greece wakale. Hippocrates, yemwe timadziwika kuti "bambo wa zamankhwala," ndiye woyamba kulemba izi. Iye ndiye woyamba kuona kuti anthu ali ndi zinthu ziwiri zopitirira muyeso m'maganizo mwawo. Choyamba ndi chisoni chachikulu ndi nkhawa . Masiku ano timatcha izi kuvutika maganizo . Chinanso ndi mphamvu zazikulu ndi changu . Masiku ano timatcha izi kusokonezeka maganizo .
Panthawiyo, Hippocrates ankaganiza kuti zinthu zimenezi zinkachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa madzi m'thupi (bilie).
- Melancholia: Iye anati chisoni chochuluka chimachokera ku kuchuluka kwa " nyongo yakuda." "Melas" amatanthauza wakuda, ndipo "chole" amatanthauza nyongo.
- Kupusa: Iye ankaganiza kuti mphamvu zambiri zimachokera ku kuchuluka kwa "ndulu yachikasu."
Kenako, dokotala wina wachigiriki dzina lake Aretaeus wa ku Kapadokiya, amene anakhalako cha m'ma 100 C.E., anapititsa patsogolo lingaliro limeneli. Iye ndiye amene ananena kuti chisoni chachikulu ndi mphamvu zazikuluzikuluzi zingakhale zinthu ziwiri zosiyana kwambiri. Iyenso anali woyamba kunena kuti zinthu zonse ziwirizi zinali zokhudzana ndi vuto linalake muubongo . Ichi chinali chinthu chachikulu chomwe chinapezeka panthawiyo.
Mwachidule, madokotala akhala akuyesera kumvetsetsa lingaliro lakuti mavuto amenewa si kungomva chisoni kapena chisangalalo chokha, koma amagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa thupi komwe kumachitika m'thupi, makamaka ubongo.
Kodi kuvutika maganizo ndi kusokonezeka maganizo ndi mbali ziwiri za ndalama imodzi?
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, madokotala ankaganiza kuti kuvutika maganizo ndi kusokonezeka maganizo ndi matenda awiri osiyana kwambiri. Koma pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800, madokotala awiri amisala aku France anasintha lingaliro limeneli.
- Jean-Pierre Falret: Iye ndiye woyamba kunena kuti matenda amenewa anali omwewo, kuti amabwera mozungulira. Anawatcha kuti "folie circulaire" (misala yozungulira). Lingaliro lake linali lakuti munthu akhoza kukhala ndi kuvutika maganizo, kenako n’kukhala wabwinobwino kwa kanthawi, kenako n’kuyamba kudwala matenda amisala. Kuzungulira kumeneku kumapitirira.
- Jules Baillarger:Dokotala wina wa ku France wa nthawi yomweyi anati chinali chizolowezi, koma panalibe nthawi yodziwika bwino pakati pa kuvutika maganizo ndi kusokonezeka maganizo , ndipo kamodzi kokha kamene kamatha, kenanso kanayamba.
Pakadali pano, dokotala wina wa ku Germany dzina lake Emil Kraepelin, yemwe ankaonedwa kuti ndi "tate wa matenda amisala amakono," anaphatikiza malingaliro onsewa napatsa vutoli dzina limodzi: "misala ya manic-depressive insanity." Lingaliro lake linalandiridwa pafupifupi padziko lonse panthawiyo.
Momwe DSM inasinthira chilichonse
Mu zaka za m'ma 1950, madokotala amisala adagwirizana kuti apange njira yofanana, buku la malamulo, lopezera matenda amisala. Limatchedwa Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) . Lili ngati buku lotsogolera lomwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito popeza matenda amisala molondola. Bukuli limasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Momwe matenda a bipolar amapezedwera asintha limodzi ndi izi.
| Mtundu wa DSM (Mtundu) | Mmene Matenda a Bipolar Anayambira |
|---|---|
| DSM-I (1952) | "Kupusa kwa Kraepelin kochititsa mantha" kunagawidwa m'magawo atatu: kusokonezeka maganizo, kupsinjika maganizo, ndi "zina." Kusinthasintha maganizo kunaphatikizidwa mu gawo "zina". |
| DSM-II (1968) | Dzinalo linasinthidwa kukhala "manic-depressive illness." M'malo mwa "ena," gulu latsopano linayambitsidwa lotchedwa "cyclical," kutanthauza anthu omwe adakumanapo ndi nthawi zonse za manic ndi depression kamodzi. |
| DSM-III (1980) | Apa ndiye panali kusintha kwakukulu! Dzina lakuti "Bipolar Disorder" linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pano. Linayambitsidwanso ngati matenda osiyana, osiyana ndi kuvutika maganizo kwa anthu ambiri. Njira zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano zinachokera pano. |
Mmene Timaonera Matenda a Bipolar Masiku Ano
Masiku ano, madokotala agawa matenda a bipolar m'magulu anayi akuluakulu. Kugawika kumeneku kwathandiza kuti wodwalayo alandire chithandizo choyenera komanso cholondola.
| Mtundu wa Matenda a Bipolar | Mwachidule... |
|---|---|
| Matenda a Bipolar I | Ndakhala ndi vuto la kusokonezeka maganizo kwa masiku osachepera 7. Matenda ovutika maganizo angabwere ndi kutha. |
| Matenda a Bipolar II | Palibe zochitika zonse zamaganizo. M'malo mwake, pali zochitika zosiyanasiyana za zochitika zamaganizo ndi zamaganizo . |
| Matenda a Cyclothymic | Kwa zaka zosachepera ziwiri, kusinthana pakati pa zizindikiro za kusokonezeka maganizo ndi kupsinjika maganizo. Komabe, izi sizili zovuta kwambiri monga momwe zimakhalira mu Bipolar I kapena II. Nthawi yomwe munthu amakhala ndi maganizo abwinobwino ndi yosakwana milungu 8. |
| Matenda a Bipolar Osadziwika | Milandu yomwe munthu ali ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa malingaliro koma sakukwaniritsa zofunikira za magulu aliwonse omwe ali pamwambapa. |
Ponena za chithandizo, kusintha kwakukulu kunachitika m'zaka za m'ma 1970 ndi chilolezo cha mankhwala a lithiamu . Masiku ano, pali mankhwala ambiri ogwira mtima, monga oletsa kusokonezeka maganizo, mankhwala ena oletsa khunyu, ndi mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala.
Mphamvu ya chikhalidwe ndi anthu
Matenda a Bipolar ndi matenda omwe angakhudze anthu m'dziko lililonse komanso chikhalidwe chilichonse. Malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization, anthu pafupifupi 45 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi vutoli.
Komabe, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu zimakhudza momwe anthu amapezera matenda ndi kulandira chithandizo.
- Kusala: Ngakhale m'dziko lathu, anthu ena amachita manyazi komanso amaopa kulankhula za matenda amisala kapena kupita kwa dokotala. Chifukwa cha "kusala" kumeneku, anthu ambiri safuna chithandizo choyenera. Izi zingachedwetse kupeza matenda molondola.
- Momwe zizindikiro zimaonekera: Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti anthu akumayiko aku Asia amakonda kulankhula kwambiri za zizindikiro zakuthupi (monga kupweteka kwa thupi, mutu) kuposa mavuto amisala. Izi zingayambitsenso matenda osiyanasiyana.
Mabungwe onse akuluakulu azachipatala, kuphatikizapo World Health Organization, akugogomezera kuti mankhwala ndi chithandizo chamaganizo/chachikhalidwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pothana ndi vutoli.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a Bipolar si atsopano. Kumvetsetsa kwathu kwasintha pakapita nthawi, kuyambira malingaliro akale monga "ndulu yakuda" mpaka matenda a ubongo omwe timawadziwa lero.
- Izi si kusintha kwa maganizo kokha, koma ndi kusintha kwa nthawi pakati pa nthawi ya kusangalala kwambiri, pamene mukumva mphamvu zambiri, ndi nthawi ya kuvutika maganizo, pamene mukumva chisoni kwambiri.
- Masiku ano, pali magulu enaake monga Bipolar I ndi II, kotero matendawa amatha kupezeka ndi kuchiritsidwa molondola.
- Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi zizindikiro izi, musachite manyazi kapena mantha. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kapena namwino za izi. Masiku ano, pali mankhwala othandiza omwe angathandize kuthana ndi vutoli bwino kwambiri.
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