Usenokuba uxelelwe ngugqirha ukuba une-ADHD. Okanye mhlawumbi umntu omaziyo unesifo esinjalo. Xa sicinga nge-ADHD, sihlala sicinga ngomntu ongakwaziyo ukuhoya, onengxaki yokunikela ingqalelo, kwaye obangela ingxaki. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba esi sifo ngamanye amaxesha sinokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu ngakumbi, kuquka iingxaki zomthetho? Musa ukoyika oku. Asinguye wonke umntu one-ADHD ofumana ingxaki zomthetho. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba wena nabantu obathandayo niqaphele unxibelelwano oluphakathi kwezi zimbini.
Kutheni abanye abantu abane-ADHD bengena engxakini ngomthetho?
Ngamafutshane, i-ADHD yimeko echaphazela iindawo zengqondo zethu ezilawula iimvakalelo, ukuziphatha, kunye neemvakalelo. Xa ezi ndawo zingasebenzi kakuhle, kunokuba nzima ukuzibamba ekwenzeni izinto ozaziyo ukuba zinokuba yingxaki. Cinga ngezinto ezinje ngokusela utywala nokuqhuba, ukulwa xa ucaphukile, okanye ukungena endlwini yommelwane ngokungekho mthethweni.
Phakathi kweempawu ze-ADHD, ezinye zidibene kakhulu neengxaki zomthetho. Uphando lufumanise ukuba ukungakhathali , ukuziphatha ngokungxama , kunye nobunzima bokulawula iimvakalelo kunokukhokelela kwiingcinga zolwaphulo-mthetho. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo, okanye ukudida, akukafunyaniswanga ukuba kunxulumene ngqo neengxaki zomthetho.
Ingakumbi kulutsha nakubantu abadala, ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ezibangelwa yi-ADHD ziyandisa umngcipheko wokujongana nemiphumo yezomthetho. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na.
| Ukuziphatha okwandisa umngcipheko | Ungangena njani enkingeni nomthetho? |
|---|---|
| Ukungawenzi kakuhle umsebenzi wesikolo, ukungayi esikolweni, okanye ukuyeka isikolo. | Xa ungafumani mfundo ifanelekileyo, kunzima ukufumana umsebenzi olungileyo. Xa ungenandlela yokufumana imali, kunokwenzeka ukuba ujike uye kwimisebenzi engekho mthethweni efana nokuba okanye ukuthengisa iziyobisi. |
| Ukunxulumana "nabahlobo abangalunganga". | Xa unxulumana nabahlobo abenza okungalunganga, ungazifaka engxakini yezomthetho ungaqondanga. |
| Ukungathobeli okanye ukuba ndlongondlongo. | Olu hlobo lokuziphatha lunokubangela ukulwa rhoqo nokuhlaselwa kwabanye. Ezi zizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezinzulu phantsi komthetho. |
| Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye utywala. | Xa unxilile, awuqondi okulungileyo kokubi. Kwakhona, ukuba neziyobisi nokuthengisa kukwaphula umthetho. |
I-ADHD inokwenza kube nzima ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo imiphumo yezenzo zomntu. Umntu oselayo usenokungayiqondi ngokupheleleyo impembelelo yezenzo zakhe kwabanye okanye ukuba angajamelana nesohlwayo, njengokuya entolongweni.
Yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-ADHD, i-ODD, kunye ne-CD?
Abantu abane-ADHD banamathuba amaninzi okuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo. Ezibini zezona zixhaphakileyo ziingxaki zokuziphatha: i-ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) kunye ne-CD (Conduct Disorder) .
I-ODD sisifo sokuziphatha esibonakala kakhulu kwi-ADHD. Ezi mpawu zihlala ziqala ebuntwaneni kwaye zinokuqhubeka de kube mdala , okanye zibe mbi ngakumbi. Abantu abane-ODD badla ngokungabahloneli abantu abanegunya, njengabazali, ootitshala kunye namapolisa. Badla ngokwenza izinto ezichasene nemigaqo nemithetho yoluntu.
Ukuba umntu omdala une-ODD, unokubona ezi mpawu:
- Ukuxambulisana rhoqo.
- Uba nomsindo ngokukhawuleza.
- Batyhola abanye ngeempazamo zabo kunye nokuziphatha kwabo.
- Andithandi ukulandela imithetho nokwenza oko kuthethwa ngabanye.
- Benza abanye babe nomsindo baze bacaphuke xa bethanda.
- Bakhawuleza babe nomsindo.
- Usoloko enomsindo, enentiyo, kwaye efuna ukuziphindezela.
I-CD ( Conduct Disorder ) yimeko embi kakhulu. Ichaphazela malunga ne-25% yabantwana abane-ADHD kunye ne-45% yabantu abaselula. Abantu abane-CD abanandaba nabanye kwaye bayayigatya ngokupheleleyo imithetho yoluntu. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuziphatheni okubi ebantwini nasekuvalelweni entolongweni xa sele bekhulile.
Ukuba ne-ADHD kunye ne-ODD okanye i-CD yindibaniselwano eyingozi eyonyusa kakhulu umngcipheko wokujongana neengxaki zomthetho.
Iingxaki zolwaphulo-mthetho nezomthetho zibachaphazela njani abantu abane-ADHD?
I-ADHD inokunxulunyaniswa nayo nantoni na ukususela kwizenzo ezingezizo ezinzulu ukuya kulwaphulo-mthetho olunzima. Abantu abane-ADHD banamathuba amaninzi kunabanye okwenza izinto ezifana nezi:
- Ukukhawulezisa imoto nokufumana izohlwayo kunye nokwenza ezinye izenzo zokwaphula imithetho yendlela.
- Ubusela.
- Ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni.
- Ukuba nezixhobo ezifihliweyo.
Abantu abane -ADHD bangena engxakini rhoqo kunabanye abantu abaqhelekileyo, kwaye oku kuqala besebancinci. Banamathuba amabini okanye amathathu okubanjwa, ukugwetywa, nokuvalelwa entolongweni kunabanye .
Intolongo yindawo eyingozi kakhulu kumntu one-ADHD. Hayi nje kuphela kwilizwe lethu, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela, le meko ayifunyaniswa okanye ayinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo kwinkqubo yentolongo.
I-ADHD ikwanokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba ihambisane nezinye izifo zengqondo, ezinje ngokudakumba, ixhala, okanye isifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder. Kwiiveki zokuqala zokuvalelwa entolongweni, ezi zifo zengqondo, ukuba azinyangwa, zinokwandisa umngcipheko wokuzibulala.
Kunzima kakhulu ukufumana umsebenzi emva kokukhululwa entolongweni. Xa ulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi kwaye ungasenamali yokuphila, unamathuba amaninzi okuphinda wenze izinto ezimbi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-recidivism. Ngenxa yokuba awufumani unyango entolongweni, abantu abane-ADHD banamathuba amaninzi okuphinda benze ulwaphulo-mthetho emva kokukhululwa baze baphelele entolongweni.
Uyiphepha njani le meko imbi kangaka?
Usenokuziva uxinezelekile kakhulu xa usiva oku, kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba ungawuqhawula lo mjikelo.
Inyathelo lokuqala nelibaluleke kakhulu kukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo nokuqala unyango lwe-ADHD ngokukhawuleza.
Unyango lwe-ADHD ludla ngokubandakanya indibaniselwano yamayeza, iingcebiso, kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila. Iindlela zokuziphatha, ezifana neengcebiso zosapho, zikwasetyenziswa kunye namayeza kwiimeko ezifana ne-ODD.
Uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo yindlela entle yokunceda kule nto. Lukufundisa oku:
- Indlela yokusombulula iingxabano.
- Indlela yokuzola xa unomsindo okanye udidekile.
- Xa uthetha nabantu abanegunya, indlela yokubaphulaphula nokuphendula ngokufanelekileyo.
Kufuneka ucinge nangeempembelelo zangaphandle. Abantwana abanxulumana nabahlobo abanesimilo esibi nabo banamathuba amaninzi okungena kwiingxaki. Ngoko ke, ukukhetha abahlobo abalungileyo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise indlela yokuziphatha embi, kubalulekile ukufumana uncedo olufanelekileyo. Ukuze wenze oku, bonana nogqirha wengqondo ofanelekileyo kwaye ufumane ingcebiso. Oko kuthetha ukuthetha ngokunyaniseka nogqirha wakho ngale nto. Kwakhona, ungafunda lukhulu ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso nabanye abajongene nemingeni efanayo. Musa ukuba wedwa, cela uncedo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD ingaphezulu nje kokungakhathalelwa. Ikwachaphazela iimvakalelo zakho kunye nokulawula iminqweno yakho.
- Nangona oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokujongana neengxaki zomthetho, ayinguye wonke umntu one-ADHD oba sisaphuli-mthetho.
- Lo mngcipheko unokwandiswa ngakumbi ngokuba neemeko ezifana ne-ODD okanye i-CD kunye ne-ADHD.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphelisa lo mjikelo unzima kukufuna ingcebiso nonyango olufanelekileyo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza . Amayeza, ingcebiso, kunye nonyango lokuziphatha zibaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unengxaki efana nale, ungoyiki okanye ube neentloni ukucela uncedo kugqirha. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ujongane nale meko wedwa.
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