Njengomama okanye utata, usenokuba uqhelene nezi zinto. Umntwana omncinci usenokungahlali ndaweni inye, usenokuhlala edlala, agijime, athethe kakhulu, okanye angafuni kulinda ithuba lakhe. Ezi ziindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuziphatha komntwana. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantwana, ubunzima bokufumana ingqalelo kunye nokungaphumli abunciphi ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko besinokulindela. Oku kunokuba luphawu lwesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Nangona kunjalo, kukho abanye abantwana abadlula kule nto imbi baze bahlukumeze abanye ngabom, baziphathe ngogonyamelo, bangayi esikolweni, babe, baze babandakanyeke ekuziphatheni okubi. Esi sisifo esahlukileyo esibizwa ngokuba yiConduct Disorder.
Zombini ezi meko ziingxaki zokuziphatha eziqhelekileyo ezibonwa ebuntwaneni. Ngamanye amaxesha, umntwana omnye unokuba nazo zombini ezi meko. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe njengomzali ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini.
Iimpawu ze-ADHD kunye ne-Conduct Disorder zahluke njani?
Iimpawu zezi meko zombini zahlukile kakhulu enye kwenye. Ngamafutshane, ingxaki ephambili yomntwana one-ADHD kubunzima bokugcina ingqalelo kunye nokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo. Kodwa umntwana one-Conduct Disorder wahlukile ngokupheleleyo. Sinokubona ukuba umntwana uzama ngabom ukwenzakalisa abanye nokutshabalalisa izinto. Masijonge ezi mpawu ngokwahlukeneyo.
| Iimpawu ze-ADHD (i-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) | |
|---|---|
| Iingxaki zokungakhathali (Ukungakhathali) | Ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokungxama |
| Ukungazinaki izinto ezincinci emsebenzini, ukwenza iimpazamo ezingakhathaliyo. | Bengakwazi ukuhlala ndaweni nye, bayasokola baze bashukumise amalungu abo. |
| Kunzima ukuhlala ugxile ngexesha lomdlalo okanye umsebenzi othile. | Xa becelwa ukuba bahlale phantsi, bayaphakama, bahambe, baze babaleke. |
| Kubonakala ngathi awumameli xa ndithetha. | Ukubaleka nokunyuka kwiindawo ezingafanelekanga. |
| Abayilandeli imiyalelo, bayayeka ukusebenza phakathi. | Kunzima ukwenza imisebenzi eyenziwa ngokuthula. |
| Kunzima ukuhlela umsebenzi. | Kukho indalo "ehambayo", esoloko ibaleka-baleka. |
| Ukuphepha imisebenzi efuna ukucinga kakhulu. | Bathetha kakhulu baze baphendule imibuzo ngaphambi kokuba bagqibe. |
| Ndidla ngokulahlekelwa zizinto endizidingayo emsebenzini (iincwadi, iipensele). | Abanamonde ngexesha labo. |
Ngoku unombono ocacileyo wokuba yintoni i-ADHD. Kodwa i-Conduct Disorder yindlela yokuziphatha enzulu ngakumbi. Aba bantwana benza ngabom izinto ezilimaza abanye kwaye zophula imithetho yoluntu.
| Iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha | |
|---|---|
| Ubundlobongela Kubantu Nezilwanyana | Ukutshatyalaliswa kwePropati kunye nokuQhekeka |
| Ukuhlukumeza, ukusongela, nokusongela abanye. | Ukutshisa kumiselwe ngabom ukuze konakalisa impahla. |
| Iimfazwe zidla ngokuqala. | Ukutshabalalisa ngabom izinto zabanye abantu. |
| Ukusebenzisa izixhobo (iimela, iintonga) ezinokulimaza abanye. | Ukuqhekeza izindlu, iimoto, okanye izakhiwo. |
| Ukuphatha abantu okanye izilwanyana ngenkohlakalo emzimbeni. | Bayaxoka ukuze bafumane into abayifunayo. |
| Ukuba umntu ngokuthe ngqo (umz., ukuthatha imali ngokumsongela). | Beba iimpahla ezivenkileni. |
| Ukunyanzela omnye umntu ngokwesondo. | Ngaphambi kokuba bafikelele kwiminyaka eli-13 ubudala, bahlala ngaphandle kwendlu ebusuku bengaxelelanga abazali babo. |
| - | Ukubaleka ekhaya, ukuphuma esikolweni ngokungekho mthethweni. |
Ugqirha uzichonga njani ngokuchanekileyo ezi meko zimbini?
Ukuba unesikrokro sokuba umntwana wakho une-ADHD okanye i-Conduct Disorder , eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko . Ukuba kuyimfuneko, uza kukuthumela kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo yomntwana.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungamgxeki okanye ukumohlwaya umntwana xa ubona olu hlobo lokuziphatha. Kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso efanelekileyo yezonyango kuba oku kusenokuba yingxaki yezonyango.
Xa esenza uxilongo, ugqirha uqwalasela izinto ezininzi.
- Kwi-ADHD: Ngokubanzi, umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16 kufuneka abe neempawu ezi-6 okanye ngaphezulu zokungakhathali okanye ukungasebenzi kakhulu esixoxe ngazo apha ngasentla ubuncinane iinyanga ezi-6 ngexesha. Kwakhona, ezi mpawu kufuneka zibe kwinqanaba elingafanelekiyo kubudala bomntwana kwaye ziphazamise imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Emva kweminyaka eli-17, kufuneka kubekho iimpawu ezi-5. Kodwa ezi mpawu kufuneka ziqale ngaphambi kokuba zibe neminyaka eli-12. Kwaye ezi mpawu azipheleli kwindawo enye, njengasekhaya nasesikolweni.Kufuneka ibonakale ubuncinane kwiindawo ezimbini.
- Kwingxaki Yokuziphatha: Ukuze umntwana afunyaniswe enale ngxaki, kufuneka ukuba ubonakalise ubuncinane iindlela ezintathu zokuziphatha ezinobundlobongela neziyingozi ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla kunyaka ophelileyo. Kwakhona, kufuneka ukuba ubonakalise ubuncinane enye yeempawu kwiinyanga ezi-6 ezidlulileyo.
Umntwana one-ADHD unokuba nengxaki yokuziphatha ebizwa ngokuba yi-Conduct Disorder okanye i-ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder). Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuziphatha ndlongondlongo ukongeza kwiingxaki zokuqwalasela, qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ngaloo nto.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba, kukho unyango lwazo zombini ezi meko.
Unyango lwe-ADHD
I-ADHD inokulawulwa kakhulu ngonyango.
- Kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-6 ubudala: Oogqirha badla ngokucebisa abazali ukuba baqeqeshe indlela yokulawula ukuziphatha komntwana wabo ngaphambi kokuba banike amayeza.
- Kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kwemithandathu ubudala: Unyango lokuziphatha kunye namayeza adla ngokunikezelwa kunye. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwamayeza asetyenziswa kwi-ADHD zizikhuthazi . Ukongeza, inkxaso eyongezelelweyo evela esikolweni inokunceda umntwana kakhulu.
Unyango lweNgxaki yokuziphatha
Ukunyanga le meko kunzima kancinci.
- Unyango: Oku kubandakanya ikakhulu unyango lokuziphatha oluhlala ixesha elide kunye neengcebiso . Oku kufundisa umntwana indlela yokusebenzisana nabanye ngendlela engonakalisiyo. Kukwaqeqesha abo bajikeleze umntwana, kuquka nabazali, ngeendlela ezintsha zokujongana nomntwana.
- Amayeza: Akukho mayeza athile asetyenziswayo kwi-Conduct Disorder. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana unenye imeko yempilo yengqondo, efana ne-ADHD okanye ukudakumba, ukunyanga loo meko ngamanye amaxesha kunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-Conduct Disorder.
Ziziphi izinto ezibangela ezi zifo?
Kunzima ukutsho ngqo ukuba kutheni umntwana eba nezi meko.
- I-ADHD: Umngcipheko unganda ukuba umntu kusapho unale meko (impembelelo yemfuza) kwaye ngenxa yeemeko ezithile umama ajongene nazo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukuphazamiseka Kwendlela Yokuziphatha: Le meko idla ngokubonakala kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo. Abantwana abanembali yosapho lwabo yokuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuziphatha, kunye nabo babengakhathalelwanga okanye baxhatshazwa besengabantwana, basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yile meko.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba i-ADHD ayilawulwa, inokukhula ibe yi-Conduct Disorder. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba wonke umntwana one-ADHD uza kuba ne-Conduct Disorder. Akuqhelekanga kakhulu.
Ukuba uneengxaki okanye uxhalabile malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza . Abantwana abancinci abanezi meko banamathuba amaninzi okufumana ezinye iingxaki ezinzulu, ezinje ngokudakumba nokusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi. Ngoko ke, ukungenelela kwangoko kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kunokuthintela ezinye iingxaki ezininzi ukuba zingabikho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD kunye ne-Conduct Disorder ziimeko ezimbini. I-ADHD yingxaki yokunikel' ingqalelo kunye nokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo. I-Conduct Disorder yindlela yokuziphatha erhabaxa eyonakalisa abanye kwaye yaphule imithetho.
- Abanye abantwana banokuba nazo zombini ezi meko kunye.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho, musa ukumgxeka umntwana, kodwa bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza kwaye ucele ingcebiso.
- Ezi meko zinokulawulwa ngempumelelo ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye noqeqesho lokuziphatha. Ukungenelela kwangoko kubalulekile.
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